船
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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The top-right part can be either 八 or 几, depending on the script; Japanese: 船, mainland China: 船, traditional Chinese: 船, Korean: 船; see Han unification.
船 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜金口 (HYCR) or 竹卜竹弓口 (HYHNR), four-corner 28460, composition ⿰舟㕣)
Historical forms of the character 船 | |
---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɦljon) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *lon).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (“boat”). Compare Burmese လောင်း (laung:, “long and narrow boat”), and Mizo lawng (“boat or ship”).
Sagart (1999) interprets Old Chinese 船 (OC *ɦljon) as a nominal derivate of the verb 沿 (OC *lon, “to go downstream a river”). The Fangyan states that this word was commonly used in western China, but, by Han times, it had completely displaced the earlier 舟 (OC *tjɯw), used in central and eastern China.
Alternatively, the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root could be a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₂lu(u)ŋ ~ *d₂l(u)əŋ (“boat”), whence Mon ဂၠုၚ် (klɜ̀ŋ, “canoe, small boat”), perhaps a derivate of Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋh ~ *luuŋh ~ *ləŋh (“to hollow, excavate, bore”), see Khmer លុង (lung, “to dig a hole”) and Vietnamese trũng (“concave”) (Sidwell, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).
Variety | Location | 船 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuan³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuan²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰuan⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sʰuã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /p͡fʰã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /p͡fʰɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰuan²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰuan³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰuan²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuæ̃¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰʰuæ̃³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zø²³/ |
Suzhou | /zø¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷõ²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /jy³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰye⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕyẽ¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /d͡ʑyẽ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɵn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /son¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃon¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn²¹/ |
Nanning | /syn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /syn²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /suan³⁵/ /t͡sun³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /yiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tun³¹/ |
船
Others:
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