m'
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
m'
m'
| strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | |||||
| singular | 1st person |
standard | jo, mi3 | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu |
| majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person |
standard | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu | |
| formal1 | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | ||
| very formal2 | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person |
m | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu | |
| f | ella | la, l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
| n | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person |
standard | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre | |
| formal2 | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person |
m | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu | |
| f | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu | ||
| adverbial | ablative/genitive | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | |||||
| locative | hi | -hi | ||||||
1 Behaves grammatically as plural. 2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition. 4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
m' (ORB, broad)
m’
| number | person | gender | nominative (subject) |
accusative (direct complement) |
dative (indirect complement) |
locative (at) |
genitive (of) |
disjunctive (tonic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | first | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
| second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
| third | masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
| feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
| indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| reflexive4 | — | se, s’ | — | — | soi | |||
| plural | first | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
| second2 | — | vous | vous | — | — | vous | ||
| third | masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
| feminine | elles | elles | ||||||
1 On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
2 Vous is also used as the polite singular form.
3 Ils and eux are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.
4 These forms are also used as third person plural reflexive.
m'
m' (triggers lenition of a following noun)
| Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
| Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
| Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
| Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
| Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
| Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
| Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
| Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E | |
m' (apocopated)
Commonly elides before a vowel, especially i and e.
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
| second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
| third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
| f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
| Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
| second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
| third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
| f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
| 1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
| 2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
| 3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
| 4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). | |||||||||
m'
m' (apocopate)
m'
m' (triggers lenition of a following noun)
m'
m'
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis
1 Used before b-, f-, m- or p-
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