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ci

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ci"
Languages (34)
English
Aka (Central Africa) • Balinese • Bambara • Corsican • Dalmatian • Dhimal • Esperanto • French • Hausa • Ido • Indonesian • Interlingua • Italian • Kangjia • Kanuri • Latgalian • Latin • Malay • Mandarin • Noone • Nupe • Old French • Old Irish • Polish • Romanian • Sicilian • Tarantino • Tedim Chin • Venetan • Walloon • Welsh • White Hmong • Zhuang
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English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

Borrowed from Mandarin 詞／词 (cí).

Noun

ci (uncountable)

  1. One of the Classical Chinese poetry forms

Anagrams

Aka (Central Africa)

Noun

ci

  1. water

Further reading

  • Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989) (cí, cì)
  • (ɕi)

Balinese

Romanization

ci

  1. Romanization of ᬘᬶ

Bambara

Etymology 1

Noun

cí

  1. thatch, especially of the species Diheteropogon grandiflorus

Etymology 2

Noun

cí

  1. commission, errand
  2. message, order
  3. mission, task, assignment
    ò cí bɛ́ í kàn
    it is your duty
  4. work, labor (especially agricultural)
    cí kɛ́
    to work in the fields
  5. usefulness, utility
    cí tɛ́ nìn ná
    that's useless

Verb

cí

  1. to send, charge with a mission
    sɛ́bɛn cí mɔ̀gɔ mà
    to send a letter to someone

Etymology 3

Verb

cì

  1. to hit
    fíyɛn bɛ́ cì
    the wind is blowing
    fàli cì
    to hit an donkey
  2. to break
    à y'á kùn cì
    He knocked him unconscious
  3. to destroy
  4. to split, divide, cut
    dɔ́gɔ cì
    to split wood
  5. to burst, explode with a loud noise
    màrifa cì
    to fire off a round (with a gun)
  6. to trace, tattoo
    bála cì
    to plot an area of a field to be hoed
    tùgu cì
    to vaccinate in the arm

Noun

cì

  1. line, stroke
  2. tattoo

Corsican

Etymology

Ultimately from either Latin hīc (“here”) or hinc (“from here”). Akin to Italian ci; see there for more. Compare Sicilian cci.

Adverb

ci

  1. there

Pronoun

ci

  1. us (both direct and indirect object)

See also

More information nominative, dative ...
Corsican personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
f ella a, l' ella
plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
f elle e, l' elle
Close

References

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin quem. Compare Portuguese quem, Romanian cine, Spanish quien, Romansch che, Sardinian chíne.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ci

  1. who

Dhimal

Noun

ci

  1. water

Further reading

  • John T. King, A Grammar of Dhimal

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian or French tu, Russian ты (ty), etc., plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t͡si]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ci

Pronoun

ci (accusative cin, possessive cia)

  1. (rare) thou, you (second-person informal singular pronoun)
    • 1905, Ludoviko Lazaro Zamenhof, Fundamento de Esperanto:
      Mi legas. — Ci skribas (anstataŭ “ci” oni uzas ordinare “vi”).
      I read. — Thou writest (instead of “ci” one ordinarily uses “vi”.)
    • 1899, Felikso Zamenhof, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      Ekamis la konato / Kaj reciproke ŝi; / Post paso de monato / Ŝanĝiĝis »Vi« per »ci«.
      Her acquaintance fell in love / and reciprocally she; / after the passage of a month / "You" changed into "thee".
    • 1907, Henri Vallienne, Kastelo de Prelongo, ch. 6:
      Cia sintenado estos vere fiera, li moke murmuretis en ŝian orelon, kiam ci estos vekinta la tutan loĝantaron.
      Thine attitude shall be truly proud, he mockingly whispered into her ear, when thou shalt have awakened the whole population.

Usage notes

Some people believe that this word was used in the past and then became archaic, but this is not true. Actually, this word has never been in common usage; Zamenhof advised against using 'ci' as early as the Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia, published in 1888. Many Esperantists don't even understand it. Some authors have used 'ci' to portray archaic language, for translations, and for stylistic effects. This usage is criticized by other writers.

  • Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia; Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Lingvaj Respondoj; Bertilo Wennergren, Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (PMEG); Bernard Golden, La Gazeto #11, June 15, 1987; Zlatko Tisjlar, Frekvencmorfemaro de Parolata Esperanto.

See also

More information Singular, Plural ...
Singular Plural
Nominative Accusative Possessive Nominative Accusative Possessive
First person  mi  min  mia  ni  nin  nia
Second person Formal  vi  vin  via  vi  vin  via
Familiar1  ci  cin  cia
Third person Masculine  li  lin  lia
Feminine  ŝi  ŝin  ŝia
Neuter  ĝi  ĝin  ĝia
Gender-neutral2  ri
ŝli		  rin
ŝlin		  ria
ŝlia
Reflexive  si  sin  sia  si  sin  sia
Indefinite  oni  onin  onia  oni  onin  onia
Notes
1 The second person familiar pronouns are archaic.

2 The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronouns ri (rin, ria) and ŝli (ŝlin, ŝlia) are not widely used.

3 The proposed third-person feminine plural pronoun iŝi (iŝin, iŝia) is not widely used.

Close
Personal pronouns in Esperanto

French

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin ecce hīc.

Pronunciation

Adverb

ci

  1. (in compounds, else archaic) Alternative form of ici (“here”)
  2. (after a noun) see -ci

Derived terms

References

Hausa

Etymology

From Proto-Chadic, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *taʔ- (“to eat, especially something soft, to close lips, especially loosely”). Compare Akkadian 𒋫𒀪𒌑 (ta-ʔu-u2 /⁠ta'u⁠/, “to eat”), Mehri tewō (“eat”), Arabic تَأْتَأَ (taʔtaʔa, “to stammer, to stutter, to reduplicate sounds, to mumble or move lips”), and with varying Berber forms Tamahaq ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Tarifit ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵛ (tc), and Kabyle teṭṭ (pharyngeal-coloring found as well in the Arabic variant تَعْتَعَ (taʕtaʕa), and in that sense possible further connections to طَعِمَ (ṭaʕima, “to taste”) and عَضَّ (ʕaḍḍa, “to bite”)).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃí/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [t͡ʃɪ́]

Verb

ci (grade Ø)

  1. to eat, to eat soft things

Ido

Pronunciation

Determiner

ci

  1. Alternative form of ici (“these”)

Pronoun

ci

  1. Alternative form of ici (“these”)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Xiamen Hokkien 錢／钱 (chîⁿ, “mace”).

Noun

ci (uncountable)

  1. (obsolete) weight unit 1/10 tahil (for opium)

Etymology 2

From Sundanese ci, perhaps derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

Noun

ci (countable and uncountable, plural ci-ci)

  1. river (large stream which drains a landmass), specifically, those located in Banten, West Java, and far-western Central Java
    Synonyms: sungai, kali

Etymology 3

Noun

ci (plural ci-ci)

  1. alternative form of encik
  2. alternative form of taci (“elder sister”)

Further reading

Interlingua

Pronunciation

Adverb

ci

  1. here (at this place)

Italian

Kangjia

Kanuri

Latgalian

Latin

Malay

Mandarin

Noone

Nupe

Old French

Old Irish

Polish

Romanian

Sicilian

Tarantino

Tedim Chin

Venetan

Walloon

Welsh

White Hmong

Zhuang

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