il
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "il"
Alternative forms
Numeral
il
- (informal) A Roman numeral representing forty-nine (49).
See also
Etymology
From Proto-Mayan *il- Compare with Achi ilonik
Pronunciation
Verb
il
- (transitive) to see, to watch, look at
References
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *yïl (“year”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (yïl).[2]
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
il (definite accusative ili, plural illər)
Declension
More information Declension of, singular ...
| Declension of il | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | il |
illər | ||||||
| definite accusative | ili |
illəri | ||||||
| dative | ilə |
illərə | ||||||
| locative | ildə |
illərdə | ||||||
| ablative | ildən |
illərdən | ||||||
| definite genitive | ilin |
illərin | ||||||
Close
More information Possessive forms of, nominative ...
| Possessive forms of il | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ||||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| mənim (“my”) | ilim | illərim | ||||||
| sənin (“your”) | ilin | illərin | ||||||
| onun (“his/her/its”) | ili | illəri | ||||||
| bizim (“our”) | ilimiz | illərimiz | ||||||
| sizin (“your”) | iliniz | illəriniz | ||||||
| onların (“their”) | ili or illəri | illəri | ||||||
| accusative | ||||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| mənim (“my”) | ilimi | illərimi | ||||||
| sənin (“your”) | ilini | illərini | ||||||
| onun (“his/her/its”) | ilini | illərini | ||||||
| bizim (“our”) | ilimizi | illərimizi | ||||||
| sizin (“your”) | ilinizi | illərinizi | ||||||
| onların (“their”) | ilini or illərini | illərini | ||||||
| dative | ||||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| mənim (“my”) | ilimə | illərimə | ||||||
| sənin (“your”) | ilinə | illərinə | ||||||
| onun (“his/her/its”) | ilinə | illərinə | ||||||
| bizim (“our”) | ilimizə | illərimizə | ||||||
| sizin (“your”) | ilinizə | illərinizə | ||||||
| onların (“their”) | ilinə or illərinə | illərinə | ||||||
| locative | ||||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| mənim (“my”) | ilimdə | illərimdə | ||||||
| sənin (“your”) | ilində | illərində | ||||||
| onun (“his/her/its”) | ilində | illərində | ||||||
| bizim (“our”) | ilimizdə | illərimizdə | ||||||
| sizin (“your”) | ilinizdə | illərinizdə | ||||||
| onların (“their”) | ilində or illərində | illərində | ||||||
| ablative | ||||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| mənim (“my”) | ilimdən | illərimdən | ||||||
| sənin (“your”) | ilindən | illərindən | ||||||
| onun (“his/her/its”) | ilindən | illərindən | ||||||
| bizim (“our”) | ilimizdən | illərimizdən | ||||||
| sizin (“your”) | ilinizdən | illərinizdən | ||||||
| onların (“their”) | ilindən or illərindən | illərindən | ||||||
| genitive | ||||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| mənim (“my”) | ilimin | illərimin | ||||||
| sənin (“your”) | ilinin | illərinin | ||||||
| onun (“his/her/its”) | ilinin | illərinin | ||||||
| bizim (“our”) | ilimizin | illərimizin | ||||||
| sizin (“your”) | ilinizin | illərinizin | ||||||
| onların (“their”) | ilinin or illərinin | illərinin | ||||||
Close
Derived terms
References
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jɨl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Noun
il
Further reading
- A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242
Noun
il c
Verb
il
- imperative of ile
Etymology
From Proto-Mayan *il-.
Verb
il
- to see
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin illī and Latin ille.
Pronoun
il m (postpositive -il) (ORB, broad)
Derived terms
See also
More information singular, nominative ...
| singular | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | jo | mè | min | ||
| 2nd person | te | tè | tin | ||
| 3rd person masculine | il | lo / le | lui | sin | |
| 3rd person feminine | el | la | lyé | ||
| 3rd person neuter | o | y | — | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | |||
| plural | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
| 1st person | nos | noutro | |||
| 2nd person | vos | voutro | |||
| 3rd person masculine | ils | los / les | lor | lor | |
| 3rd person feminine | els | les | lor / lyés | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | |||
| 1 Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | 2 Generally preceded by a definite article. | ||||
Close
Franco-Provençal personal pronouns
References
Etymology
From Middle French il, from Old French il, from Late Latin illī.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
il m (third-person singular, plural ils, accusative le, dative lui, emphatic lui, possessive determiner son)
- he (third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject)
- Il est parti.
- He left.
- it (third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects)
- Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il ?
- I'm looking for my book. Where is it?
- (impersonal pronoun) Impersonal subject; it
- Il pleut.
- It’s raining.
Related terms
More information Number, Person ...
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
| Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
| Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
| Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
| Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
| Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
| Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
| Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
| Feminine | elles | elles | ||||||
Close
French personal pronouns
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
References
Further reading
- “il”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
More information Friulian Definite Articles, singular ...
Close
Alternative forms
Etymology
Article
il m sg (plural i)
See also
Etymology
From Old Norse il, from Proto-Germanic *iljō.
Pronunciation
Noun
il f (genitive singular iljar, nominative plural iljar)
Declension
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | il | ilin | iljar | iljarnar |
| accusative | il | ilina | iljar | iljarnar |
| dative | il | ilinni | iljum | iljunum |
| genitive | iljar | iljarinnar | ilja | iljanna |
Close
Declension of il (feminine)
Derived terms
- frá hvirfli til ilja
Pronunciation
Pronoun
See also
More information Singular, Plural ...
 |
Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
| First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
| Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
| Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
| Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
| Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
| Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
| Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
| Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
| Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
| Notes | |||||||
| The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
| The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
| The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. | |||||||
Close
Pronoun
il
- personal pronoun used with impersonal verbs
- Il ha multe arbores illac.
- There are many trees there.
Usage notes
Optional.
Etymology 1
From Old Irish il, from Proto-Celtic *ɸilus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-.
Adjective
il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Adjective
il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)
- Alternative form of oll (“great; huge, vast, immense”)
Declension
More information singular, plural (m/f) ...
| singular | plural (m/f) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | masculine | feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| nominative | il | il | ile | |
| vocative | il | ile | ||
| genitive | ile | ile | il | |
| dative | il | il | ile | |
| Comparative | níos ile | |||
| Superlative | is ile | |||
Close
Mutation
More information Irish mutation, Radical ...
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| il | n-il | hil | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Close
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “il”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “il”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “il”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Alternative forms
Etymology
From earlier *ille, *elle, from Latin illum (and illud), ultimately from ille. The final vowel fell by apocope, and the /e/ (< Latin ⟨ē ĭ⟩) in monosyllable particles shifted to /i/ in Tuscan, compare in, di, ri-, mi. The form el is found in older texts and can still be heard regionally.
Patota claims this to be from the older form lo (from the same source), via an intermediate form l. The initial i would be a svarabhakti vowel added to the form l in order to make the pronunciation easier.[1]
Pronunciation
Article
More information Italian Definite Articles, singular ...
Close
il m sg (plural i)
References
Anagrams
Etymology
From Old French il.
Pronoun
il m
Descendants
- French: il
Etymology
From Old Norse il f, from Proto-Germanic *iljō f, *ili n.
Noun
il f (definite singular ila, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)
Inflection
More information indefinite singular, definite singular ...
Historical inflection of il
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. Like il, see also fet and hes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Close
Related terms
References
- “il” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Noun
īl m
- Alternative form of iġil
Etymology 1
Inherited from Late Latin illī.
Pronoun
il m sg (feminine ele)
- he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)
Descendants
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
- ils (late, analogical)
Pronoun
il m pl (feminine eles)
- they (third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)
- c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- S'il vos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.
- If they could range you, they would have already killed you.
Descendants
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ɸelus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much”), Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “much”), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, “much”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
il (equative lir, comparative lia)
- much, many (usually as the first member of a compound, usually governs a plural noun)
- cosin taidbse il ― with much ostentation
- Is amlid do·rigéni Dia corp duini ó il-ballaib. ― Thus God has made man's body of many members.
- Is ferr precept oldaas labrad il-béelre. ― Preaching is better than speaking many languages.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
- In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit on it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
Inflection
As a preposed adjective, usually uninflected, but the following forms are found occasionally:
- Nominative/accusative plural: ili
- Dative plural: ilib
Derived terms
Descendants
Mutation
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 il”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *iljō, *ili (“sole”).
Noun
il f (genitive iljar, plural iljar)
Declension
More information feminine, singular ...
| feminine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | il | ilin | iljar | iljarnar |
| accusative | il | ilina | iljar | iljarnar |
| dative | il | ilinni | iljum | iljunum |
| genitive | iljar | iljarinnar | ilja | iljanna |
Close
Declension of il (strong jō-stem)
Descendants
References
“il”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Swedish īl (“squall; sudden storm”), ultimate origin disputed. Cognate of Icelandic él (“hailstorm”).
Noun
il c
Declension
More information nominative, genitive ...
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | il | ils |
| definite | ilen | ilens | |
| plural | indefinite | ilar | ilars |
| definite | ilarna | ilarnas | |
Close
Declension of il
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Deverbal from ila (“to hurry”).
Noun
il c
Declension
More information nominative, genitive ...
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | il | ils |
| definite | ilen | ilens | |
| plural | indefinite | ilar | ilars |
| definite | ilarna | ilarnas | |
Close
Declension of il
References
- il in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- il in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- il in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- il in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish ایل (il), from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”). Doublet of el.
Pronunciation
Noun
il (definite accusative ili, plural iller)
Declension
Alternative forms
- 'il
Pronunciation
Verb
il
- (transitive) to see
References
- Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Verb
il (transitive)
Conjugation
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| imperfective | kin wilik | ka wilik | ku yilik | k ilik | ka wilikeʼex | ku yilikoʼob |
| perfective | tin wilaj | ta wilaj | tu yilaj | t k ilaj | ta wilajeʼex | tu yilajoʼob |
| subjunctive | ka in wilej | ka a wilej | ka u yilej | ka k ilej | ka a wileʼex | ka u yiloʼob |
| imperative | - | ilej | - | - | ileʼex | - |
Close
conjugation of il
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