leden

See also: led-en and LED-en

English

Alternative forms

• ledden

Etymology

From Middle English leden, leoden, from Old English lēoden (“national or popular language”). More at leid and leed.

Noun

leden (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Language; speech.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     he was expert in prophecies, / And could the ledden of the gods unfold […]

Anagrams

• elden, neeld

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

leden

Wikipedia ^cs

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech leden, from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɛdɛn]

Noun

leden m inan (related adjective lednový)

1. January

   Narodil jsem se šestého ledna roku 1981. ― I was born on the sixth of January 1981.

Usage notes

The genitive is used with dates without a preposition.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	leden	ledny
genitive	ledna	lednů
dative	lednu	lednům
accusative	leden	ledny
vocative	ledne	ledny
locative	lednu	lednech
instrumental	lednem	ledny

Declension of leden (hard masculine inanimate reducible)

Derived terms

• lednový

 

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) měsíc gregoriánského kalendáře; leden, únor, březen, duben, květen, červen, červenec, srpen, září, říjen, listopad, prosinec ^{(Category: cs:Months)}

Further reading

• “leden”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “leden”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “leden”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Danish

Adjective

leden (neuter ledet, plural and definite singular attributive ledne)

1. (archaic) Passed, over, finished.
   • 1826, Carl Christian Rafn, Krakas maal: eller Kvad om kong Ragnar Lodbroks krigsbedrifter og heltedød, page 25:

     Glad skal jeg Øl med Aser / I Öndvege drikke / Ledne er Livets Timer / Leende gaaer jeg i Døden!

     Happily shall I beer with the Æsir / In the seat of honour drink / The hours of life are over / Laughing, I walk into death!

   • 1820, Dansk Ordbog: I - L, page 94:

     Leden adj. part. af v. lider procedo. Som er til Ende, forløben. Da vare ledne (forløbne) 4 Aar siden. Der hans meste Alder var leden (forbi). ...

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Noun

leden c

1. definite singular of lede

Verb

leden

1. common past participle of lide

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -eːdən

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

leden

1. plural of lid

Verb

leden

1. inflection of lijden:
   1. plural past indicative
   2. (dated or formal) plural past subjunctive

Anagrams

• delen, lende

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Alternative forms

• lede, leaden, leeden, lædden

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛːdən/

Verb

leden

2. to lead (guide, conduct, direct)
   • 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4‎:

     Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1395, Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11‎:

     Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1395, Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7‎:

     He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)
4. to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)
5. to carry, take, bring
6. to put, place, set down
7. to lead (a life), to live
8. to cause, engender, beget

Conjugation

infinitive	(to) leden, lede
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	lede	ledde
2nd-person singular	ledest	leddest
3rd-person singular	ledeth, let	ledde
subjunctive singular	lede
imperative singular		—
plural1	leden, lede	ledden, ledde
imperative plural	ledeth, lede	—
participles	ledynge, ledende	led, yled

Conjugation of leden (weak in -de)

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: lead (“guide”)
• Scots: leid, lede

References

• “lēden, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.

Etymology 2

From led (“lead”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Alternative forms

• lede, leedyn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛːdən/

Verb

leden

2. To cover in lead; to attach lead to.
3. To make out of lead.
4. (figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify.

Conjugation

infinitive	(to) leden, lede
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	lede	leded
2nd-person singular	ledest	lededest
3rd-person singular	ledeth	leded
subjunctive singular	lede
imperative singular		—
plural1	leden, lede	lededen, ledede
imperative plural	ledeth, lede	—
participles	ledynge, ledende	leded, yleded

Conjugation of leden (weak in -ed)

¹Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: lead (“cover in lead”)

References

• “lēden, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 3

From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led +‎ -en (“made of”).

Alternative forms

• leaden, ledyn, ledun, ledyng

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛːdən/

Adjective

leden

2. Made of lead; containing lead
3. Having the appearance of lead; leaden

Descendants

• English: leaden

References

• “leden,, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 28 April 2018.

Etymology 4

A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).

Alternative forms

• lede, ledne, ledene, ledden, liden
• (shortened) lede

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈleːdən/, /ˈlɛːdən/

Noun

leden

1. Latin (language)
3. A language or tongue.

   Synonyms: langage, speche, tonge, thede

4. singing, music

Descendants

• English: leed
• Scots: leed, leid, lied

References

• “lē̆den, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-25.

Etymology 5

From Old English lēodan; equivalent to lede (“people”) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

leden

1. (Early Middle English) plural of lede (“people”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

leden m

1. definite singular of led

Anagrams

• LED-en, delen, elden, led-en

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• ľeden (alternative writing)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ledьnъ. By surface analysis, led (“ice”) +‎ -en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈlɛdɛn/

Noun

leden m inan

1. January

Declension

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	leden	ledny	ledni, lednové
genitive	ledna, lednu	lednú	lednóv
dative	lednu	lednoma	lednóm
accusative	leden	ledny	ledny
vocative	ledne	ledny	ledni, lednové
locative	ledně, lednu	lednú	ledniech
instrumental	lednem	lednoma	ledny

Declension of leden (hard o-stem reducible)

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: leden

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) měsiec v kalendáři; leden, únor, břězen, duben, máj, črven, črvnec, srpen, zářuj, řújen, listopad, prosinec ^{(Category: zlw-ocs:Months)}

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “leden”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *leděnъ. Cognate with Russian ледяной (ledjanoj), led (ice) or sladoled (sweet ice = ice cream).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lêden/
• Hyphenation: led‧en

Adjective

lȅden (Cyrillic spelling ле̏ден, definite lȅdenī, comparative ledènijī)

1. (relational) ice; icy, glacial
2. cold, frigid, chilled

   ledena kava ― iced coffee

3. crystalline, clear and transparent
4. relating to the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
5. (figuratively) unwelcoming, coldhearted, unfeeling
6. (figuratively) (of fear, doubt, or surprise) immobilizing

Usage notes

Historically, lȅdan primarily meant “of or relating to ice”, while lȅden primarily meant “made of ice”, but each was often used for the other; today, lȅden is by far the more common of the two.

Declension

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		leden	ledena	ledeno
genitive		ledena	ledene	ledena
dative		ledenu	ledenoj	ledenu
accusative	inanimate animate	leden ledena	ledenu	ledeno
vocative		leden	ledena	ledeno
locative		ledenu	ledenoj	ledenu
instrumental		ledenim	ledenom	ledenim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
genitive		ledenih	ledenih	ledenih
dative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
accusative		ledene	ledene	ledena
vocative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
locative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
instrumental		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeni	ledena	ledeno
genitive		ledenog(a)	ledene	ledenog(a)
dative		ledenom(u/e)	ledenoj	ledenom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	ledeni ledenog(a)	ledenu	ledeno
vocative		ledeni	ledena	ledeno
locative		ledenom(e/u)	ledenoj	ledenom(e/u)
instrumental		ledenim	ledenom	ledenim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
genitive		ledenih	ledenih	ledenih
dative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
accusative		ledene	ledene	ledena
vocative		ledeni	ledene	ledena
locative		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)
instrumental		ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)	ledenim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeniji	ledenija	ledenije
genitive		ledenijeg(a)	ledenije	ledenijeg(a)
dative		ledenijem(u)	ledenijoj	ledenijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	ledeniji ledenijeg(a)	ledeniju	ledenije
vocative		ledeniji	ledenija	ledenije
locative		ledenijem(u)	ledenijoj	ledenijem(u)
instrumental		ledenijim	ledenijom	ledenijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		ledeniji	ledenije	ledenija
genitive		ledenijih	ledenijih	ledenijih
dative		ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)
accusative		ledenije	ledenije	ledenija
vocative		ledeniji	ledenije	ledenija
locative		ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)
instrumental		ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)	ledenijim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najledeniji	najledenija	najledenije
genitive		najledenijeg(a)	najledenije	najledenijeg(a)
dative		najledenijem(u)	najledenijoj	najledenijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najledeniji najledenijeg(a)	najledeniju	najledenije
vocative		najledeniji	najledenija	najledenije
locative		najledenijem(u)	najledenijoj	najledenijem(u)
instrumental		najledenijim	najledenijom	najledenijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najledeniji	najledenije	najledenija
genitive		najledenijih	najledenijih	najledenijih
dative		najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)
accusative		najledenije	najledenije	najledenija
vocative		najledeniji	najledenije	najledenija
locative		najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)
instrumental		najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)	najledenijim(a)

superlative forms

Synonyms

• lȅdan

References

• The template Template:R:sh:RJA does not use the parameter(s):

  id=amo3ckMGOm

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Pero Budmani, editor (1898–1903), “leden”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 950
• “leden”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Swedish

Noun

leden

1. definite singular of led (“joint”)
2. definite plural of led (“step”)

Anagrams

• delen, elden, en del