𝍶

See also: 企, 疋, 辵, and 乏

正 U+6B63, 正 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B63 ← 止 [U+6B62] CJK Unified Ideographs 此 → [U+6B64]

𝍶 U+1D376, 𝍶 IDEOGRAPHIC TALLY MARK FIVE ← 𝍵 [U+1D375] Counting Rod Numerals 𝍷 → [U+1D377]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

As a component of some complex characters, 正 is often written as 𤴓 with its last two strokes different. Compare 昰 and 是.

Han character

正 (Kangxi radical 77, 止+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一卜中一 (MYLM), four-corner 1010₁, composition ⿱一止)

1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №31

Usage notes

• (tally marks, 5): The successive strokes of 正 () are used in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and other areas where Chinese characters are prominent to designate tallies in votes, scores, points, sushi orders, and the like, much as is used in Africa, the Americas, Australia, and Europe. Tallies beyond five are written with a 正 for each group of five, followed by the remainder. For example, a tally of twelve is written as 正正丅.

Derived characters

• 征, 定, 昰, 是, 症, 整, 焉, 歪

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 574, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16255
• Dae Jaweon: page 962, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1436, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6B63

Chinese

simp. and trad.		正
alternative forms		疋 𤴓 㱏 𣥔 𧾸 疋 𤴓 㱏 𣥔 𧾸 𠙺

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 正
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
綻	*rdeːns
淀	*deːns
靛	*deːns
症	*tjɯŋs
竀	*rtʰeːŋ, *tʰeŋ
征	*tjeŋ
怔	*tjeŋ
正	*tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
鉦	*tjeŋ
鴊	*tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
眐	*tjeŋ
佂	*tjeŋ
整	*tjeŋʔ
政	*tjeŋs
証	*tjeŋs
定	*teːŋs, *deːŋs
顁	*teːŋs
錠	*teːŋs, *deːŋʔ, *deːŋs
掟	*deːŋs

Characters in the same phonetic series (正) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) : phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ) + semantic 止 (“foot”) – to go on a long journey. Original form of 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go on long campaign”).

Later, 丁 was simplified into a horizontal stroke, as in 旦. Folk etymologies do not recognize 丁. Graphically, the modern version of the character is the reverse of 之.

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan or area word: “centre; target; first (month); straight; correct”.

Compare Mizo dîng (“to go straight or direct (as person, arrow etc.); to go straight through without breaking the journey; straight; direct”). Matisoff sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”) for this, which includes 正, 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “straight; right”) and 實 (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”).

Additionally, Matisoff has Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(r)waŋ (“straight; straighten”), whence Chepang धेङ्‌सा (dʰeŋ-, “straight”), Jingpho ding (“straight”), Tibetan དྲང་པོ (drang po, “straight; correct; upright; just; fair”), Burmese တန်း (tan:, “straight; to head straight for”). Also compare Khmer ទៀង (tiĕng, “accurate; correct; exact; precise; honest”) and Thai ดิ่ง (dìng, “vertically; straight; to plummet”).

Derivatives:

• 征 (OC *tjeŋ, “to go straight > to go on a journey”)
• 政 (OC *tjeŋs, “correct; to govern; government; to determine”)
• 整 (OC *tjeŋʔ, “orderly; to arrange; to dispose”)

For etymology of pronunciation 正 (zhĕng) in the month 正月 (zhēngyuè)'s name, see there.

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character	正
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之盛切
Baxter	tsyengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing3

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	正
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyengH ›
Old Chinese	/*teŋ-s/
English	correct (adj., v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	正
Reading #	2/2
No.	17178
Phonetic component	正
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	政
Old Chinese	/*tjeŋs/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhèng (zheng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeng³ / zing³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chang / chṳn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zang⁴ / zen⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): ciáng / céng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiàⁿ / chèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zian³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsen

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhèng
    • Wade–Giles: chêng⁴
    • Yale: jèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
    • Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zen⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zeng³ / zing³
    • Yale: jeng / jing
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzeng³ / dzing³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zéng³ / jing³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛːŋ³³/, /t͡sɪŋ³³/

Note:

• zeng3 - vernacular;
• zing3 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chang / chṳn
    • Hakka Romanization System: zang / ziin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zang⁴ / zin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zang⁴ / zen⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ⁵³/, /t͡sən⁵³/
Note:
• chang/zang4 - vernacular;
• chṳn/zen4 - literary.
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciáng / céng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɑŋ²¹³/, /t͡sɛiŋ²¹³/
Note:
• ciáng - vernacular;
• céng - literary.
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiànn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviax
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡siã²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng
    • Tâi-lô: tsìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zexng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
Note:
• chiàⁿ - vernacular;
• chèng - literary.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zian³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩã²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsen
    • MiniDict: tsen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyengH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs/

Definitions

正

1. straight; upright in proper position; middle

   正門／正门  ―  zhèngmén  ―  front door

   把畫掛正。／把画挂正。  ―  Bǎ huà guà zhèng.  ―  Hang the painting straight.

   Antonym: 歪 (wāi)

2. right; proper; correct; upright

   正路  ―  zhènglù  ―  right way; correct path

   正派  ―  zhèngpài  ―  decent; upright; proper

   公正  ―  gōngzhèng  ―  just; fair

   他作風不正。／他作风不正。  ―  Tā zuòfēng bù zhèng.  ―  He behaves with impropriety.

   行得正企得正 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   haang⁴ dak¹ zeng³ kei⁵ dak¹ zeng³ [Jyutping]

   to act in a proper manner

3. obverse; right

   25美分硬幣的正面是華盛頓總統的頭像。 [MSC, trad.]
   25美分硬币的正面是华盛顿总统的头像。 [MSC, simp.]

   25 měifēn yìngbì de zhèngmiàn shì Huáshèngdùn zǒngtǒng de tóuxiàng. [Pinyin]

   The obverse of a quarter shows the profile of George Washington.

   Antonym: 反

4. regular; standard

   正規／正规  ―  zhèngguī  ―  regular; standard

   正楷  ―  zhèngkǎi  ―  regular script

5. precisely; directly; perfectly

   正前方  ―  zhèng qiánfāng  ―  straight ahead

   正南  ―  zhèng nán  ―  due south

   張床喺正張書檯隔籬。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   张床喺正张书台隔篱。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zoeng¹ cong⁴ hai² zeng³ zoeng¹ syu¹ toi^4-2 gaak³ lei⁴. [Jyutping]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. primary; chief; main; full

   正文  ―  zhèngwén  ―  main body

   正副主任  ―  zhèng fù zhǔrèn  ―  [full] director and deputy director

   正省級／正省级  ―  zhèngxǐngjí  ―  [full-]provincial level

7. pure; unmixed; authentic; true

   正紅色／正红色  ―  zhèng hóngsè  ―  pure red

8. pretty; attractive; beautiful
9. (Cantonese) awesome; fantastic

   依間餐廳正呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   依间餐厅正呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   ji¹ gaan¹ caan¹ teng¹ zeng³ aa³! [Jyutping]

   This restaurant is awesome!

10. just now; right now; in the process of

    我正等著呢。／我正等着呢。  ―  Wǒ zhèng děng zhe ne.  ―  I'm waiting.

    外面正在下雪。  ―  Wàimiàn zhèngzài xiàxuě.  ―  It's snowing outside.

    那時候我正在上海讀書。 [MSC, trad.]
    那时候我正在上海读书。 [MSC, simp.]

    Nà shíhòu wǒ zhèng zài Shànghǎi dúshū. [Pinyin]

    At that time I was studying in Shanghai

11. just; exactly; precisely

    正如你剛才說的。 [MSC, trad.]
    正如你刚才说的。 [MSC, simp.]

    Zhèngrú nǐ gāngcái shuō de. [Pinyin]

    Precisely as you have said just now

12. to straighten; to make straight

    把帽子正一正  ―  bǎ màozǐ zhèng yī zhèng  ―  to straighten out one’s hat

    • 君子正其衣冠，尊其瞻視，儼然人望而畏之，斯不亦威而不猛乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      君子正其衣冠，尊其瞻视，俨然人望而畏之，斯不亦威而不猛乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      Jūnzǐ zhèng qí yīguān, zūn qí zhānshì, yǎnrán rén wàng ér wèi zhī, sī bù yì wēi ér bù měng hū? [Pinyin]

      He adjusts his clothes and cap, and throws a dignity into his looks, so that, thus dignified, he is looked at with awe - is not this to be majestic without being fierce?

13. to make right; to rectify; to correct

    正音  ―  zhèngyīn  ―  to correct one's pronunciation

14. (numeral) ten duodecillion(10⁴⁰)
15. (mathematics) regular

    正六邊形／正六边形  ―  zhèng liùbiānxíng  ―  regular hexagon

    正四面體／正四面体  ―  zhèng sìmiàntǐ  ―  regular tetrahedron

16. (mathematics) positive; plus

    正整數／正整数  ―  zhèng zhěngshù  ―  positive integer

17. (physics) positive

    正極／正极  ―  zhèngjí  ―  positive pole

18. (time) sharp; on the dot

    正午  ―  zhèngwǔ  ―  noon

    而家係五點正。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    而家系五点正。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    ji⁴ gaa¹ hai⁶ ng⁵ dim² zing³. [Jyutping]

    It's 5 o'clock on the dot.

19. (Hakka, Teochew) only; merely
20. (Hakka, Teochew) just; just now
21. (Hakka, Teochew) only then; only after
22. (Hakka, Teochew) Used to emphasize that something is/is not.
23. (Southern Min) right (direction)
24. a surname
25. (tally marks) five (successive strokes of 正 are added in writing sequence to tally a count of five per character)

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		才2, 再, 方, 始, 方才
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	才2
	Singapore	才2
Cantonese	Guangzhou	先, 至, 先至
	Hong Kong	先, 至, 先至
Hakka	Meixian	正
Southern Min	Xiamen	才3
	Quanzhou	才3
	Zhangzhou	才3
	Singapore (Hokkien)	才3
	Manila (Hokkien)	才3
	Shantou	正
	Singapore (Teochew)	正
Wu	Shanghai	再, 才2
	Suzhou	再
Xiang	Changsha	才至

Dialectal synonyms of 才 (“only after; only then; not ... until”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		右
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		右
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	右
	Taiwan	右
	Chengde	右
	Chifeng	右
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	右
	Heihe	右
	Qiqihar	右
	Harbin	右
	Jiamusi	右
	Baicheng	右
	Changchun	右
	Tonghua	右
	Shenyang	右
	Jinzhou	右
	Malaysia	右
	Singapore	右
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	右
	Tangshan	右
	Cangzhou	右
	Baoding	右
	Shijiazhuang	右
	Lijin	右
	Jinan	右
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	右
	Dandong	右
	Yantai	右
	Qingdao	右
	Zhucheng	右
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	右
	Jining	右
	Wanrong	右
	Linfen	右
	Shangqiu	右
	Yuanyang	右
	Zhengzhou	右
	Xinyang	右
	Baihe	右
	Xi'an	右
	Baoji	右
	Tianshui	右
	Xining	右
	Xuzhou	右
	Fuyang	右
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	右
	Lanzhou	右
	Dunhuang	右
	Hami	右
	Ürümqi	右
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	右
	Nanchong	右
	Dazhou	右
	Hanyuan	右
	Xichang	右
	Zigong	右
	Chongqing	右
	Wuhan	右
	Yichang	右
	Xiangyang	右
	Tianmen	右
	Guiyang	右
	Zunyi	右
	Bijie	右
	Liping	右
	Zhaotong	右
	Dali	右
	Kunming	右
	Mengzi	右
	Guilin	右
	Liuzhou	右
	Jishou	右
	Changde	右
	Hanzhong	右
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	右
	Yangzhou	右
	Lianyungang	右
	Lianshui	右
	Nantong	右
	Anqing	右
	Wuhu	右
	Hefei	右
	Hong'an	右
Cantonese	Guangzhou	右
	Hong Kong	右
	Macau	右
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	右
	Singapore (Guangfu)	右
Gan	Lichuan	右
Huizhou	Shexian	右
Jin	Taiyuan	右
	Yangyuan	右
	Datong	右
	Xinzhou	右
	Lüliang (Lishi)	右
	Changzhi	右
	Linhe	右
	Jining	右
	Hohhot	右
	Erenhot	右
	Pingshan	右
	Zhangjiakou	右
	Handan	右
	Linzhou	右
	Suide	右
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	右
Southern Min	Xiamen	正
	Quanzhou	正
	Zhangzhou	正
	Taipei	正
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	正
	Kaohsiung	正
	Yilan	正
	Changhua (Lukang)	正
	Taichung	正
	Tainan	正
	Hsinchu	正
	Kinmen	正
	Penghu (Magong)	正
	Penang (Hokkien)	正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	正
	Manila (Hokkien)	正
	Chaozhou	正
	Shantou	正
	Jieyang	正
	Singapore (Teochew)	正
	Wenchang	右

Dialectal synonyms of 右 (“right”) [map]

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “right”): (Hokkien, Teochew) 倒 (tò, “left”)

Compounds

• 一本正經／一本正经
• 上梁不正
• 上正
• 三正
• 不務正業／不务正业 (bùwùzhèngyè)
• 不正 (bùzhèng)
• 不正知
• 不正經／不正经
• 不當不正／不当不正
• 不端不正
• 中正 (zhōngzhèng)
• 中正大學／中正大学
• 九品中正 (jiǔpǐn zhōngzhèng)
• 令正
• 伸張正義／伸张正义
• 來日正長／来日正长
• 保正 (bǎozhèng)
• 修正 (xiūzhèng)
• 修正主義／修正主义 (xiūzhèng zhǔyì)
• 修正液 (xiūzhèngyè)
• 假正經／假正经 (jiǎzhèngjing)
• 光明正大 (guāngmíngzhèngdà)
• 先正
• 八正道 (bāzhèngdào)
• 公平正大
• 公正 (gōngzhèng)
• 公正證書／公正证书
• 共同正犯 (gòngtóng zhèngfàn)
• 冊正／册正
• 判正
• 削正
• 剛板硬正／刚板硬正
• 剛正／刚正 (gāngzhèng)
• 剛正不阿／刚正不阿 (gāngzhèngbù'ē)
• 勘正 (kānzhèng)
• 匡正 (kuāngzhèng)
• 午正 (wǔzhèng)
• 卯正
• 危言正色
• 去邪從正／去邪从正
• 去邪歸正／去邪归正
• 反正
• 反邪歸正／反邪归正
• 可正是
• 名正具
• 名正肅／名正肃
• 名正言順／名正言顺 (míngzhèngyánshùn)
• 呈正 (chéngzhèng)
• 呂蒙正／吕蒙正
• 咬合不正
• 嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
• 嚴氣正性／严气正性
• 堂堂正正 (tángtángzhèngzhèng)
• 堂皇正大
• 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn)
• 大公至正
• 大正
• 天心正法
• 奉公正己
• 字正腔圓／字正腔圆 (zìzhèngqiāngyuán)
• 孝廉方正
• 安宅正路
• 守正不回
• 守正不撓／守正不挠
• 守正不移
• 守正不阿
• 宗正 (zōngzhèng)
• 導正／导正 (dǎozhèng)
• 就地正法
• 就正 (jiùzhèng)
• 居正
• 崇正黜邪
• 工正
• 希臘正教／希腊正教
• 平正 (píngzhèng)
• 平頭正臉／平头正脸
• 廉正 (liánzhèng)
• 弘正文學／弘正文学
• 彩色正片
• 律呂正義／律吕正义
• 心正筆正／心正笔正
• 心術不正／心术不正
• 忠正
• 恭本正傳／恭本正传
• 恰正
• 惡直醜正／恶直丑正
• 成正果
• 戶口校正／户口校正
• 打正快
• 技正
• 扶正 (fúzhèng)
• 扶正黜邪
• 指正 (zhǐzhèng)
• 持正
• 持正不撓／持正不挠
• 持正不阿
• 挑正梁
• 撥亂反正／拨乱反正 (bōluànfǎnzhèng)
• 撥正／拨正
• 改正 (gǎizhèng)
• 改邪歸正／改邪归正 (gǎixiéguīzhèng)
• 教正 (jiàozhèng)
• 斂衽正容／敛衽正容
• 斧正 (fǔzhèng)
• 方方正正
• 方正 (fāngzhèng)
• 方正不苟
• 方正不阿
• 明公正氣／明公正气
• 明公正義／明公正义
• 明公正道
• 明堂正道
• 明婚正配
• 明媒正娶 (míngméizhèngqǔ)
• 明媒正配
• 明正
• 明正典刑
• 是正 (shìzhèng)
• 更正 (gēngzhèng)
• 更正啟事／更正启事
• 書歸正傳／书归正传
• 朝正
• 枉己正人
• 東正教／东正教 (dōngzhèngjiào)
• 校正 (jiàozhèng)
• 棄邪從正／弃邪从正
• 棄邪歸正／弃邪归正
• 樂正／乐正 (yuèzhèng)
• 正三角形
• 正中 (zhèngzhōng)
• 正中下懷／正中下怀 (zhèngzhòngxiàhuái)
• 正中己懷／正中己怀
• 正中紅心／正中红心
• 正事 (zhèngshì)
• 正事主
• 正人 (zhèngrén)
• 正人君子 (zhèngrénjūnzǐ)
• 正位 (zhèngwèi)
• 正值 (zhèngzhí)
• 正傳／正传 (zhèngzhuàn)
• 正像 (zhèngxiàng)
• 正冠李下
• 正冠納履／正冠纳履
• 正凶
• 正出
• 正切 (zhèngqiē)
• 正則／正则 (zhèngzé)
• 正割 (zhènggē)
• 正劇／正剧
• 正務／正务
• 正午 (zhèngwǔ)
• 正反合
• 正取 (zhèngqǔ)
• 正史 (zhèngshǐ)
• 正名 (zhèngmíng)
• 正合我意
• 正名責實／正名责实
• 正命
• 正味 (zhèngwèi)
• 正品 (zhèngpǐn)
• 正在 (zhèngzài)
• 正堂
• 正多邊形／正多边形 (zhèngduōbiānxíng)
• 正多面體／正多面体 (zhèng duōmiàntǐ)
• 正大 (zhèngdà)
• 正大光明 (zhèngdàguāngmíng)
• 正大堂煌
• 正好 (zhènghǎo)
• 正妻 (zhèngqī)
• 正始之音
• 正始文學／正始文学
• 正始玄風／正始玄风
• 正始體／正始体
• 正子 (zhèngzǐ)
• 正字 (zhèngzì)
• 正字標記／正字标记
• 正字法 (zhèngzìfǎ)
• 正字通 (Zhèngzìtōng)
• 正宅
• 正宗 (zhèngzōng)
• 正定 (zhèngdìng)
• 正室 (zhèngshì)
• 正宮／正宫 (zhènggōng)
• 正寢／正寝
• 正寫／正写 (zhèngxiě)
• 正對／正对
• 正屋 (zhèngwū)
• 正巧 (zhèngqiǎo)
• 正己守道
• 正常 (zhèngcháng)
• 正常化 (zhèngchánghuà)
• 正店
• 正庫／正库
• 正座 (zhèngzuò)
• 正廳／正厅
• 正式 (zhèngshì)
• 正弦 (zhèngxián)
• 正待
• 正後像／正后像
• 正德 (Zhèngdé)
• 正心 (zhèngxīn)
• 正心誠意／正心诚意
• 正念 (zhèngniàn)
• 正思惟
• 正意
• 正房 (zhèngfáng)
• 正手板
• 正授
• 正教 (zhèngjiào)
• 正數／正数 (zhèngshù)
• 正整數／正整数
• 正文 (zhèngwén)
• 正斷層／正断层
• 正方 (zhèngfāng)
• 正方形 (zhèngfāngxíng)
• 正方晶系
• 正方體／正方体 (zhèngfāngtǐ)
• 正明師／正明师
• 正是 (zhèngshì)
• 正書／正书
• 正本 (zhèngběn)
• 正末
• 正本清源 (zhèngběnqīngyuán)
• 正本溯源
• 正果
• 正枝正葉／正枝正叶
• 正格
• 正楷 (zhèngkǎi)
• 正極／正极 (zhèngjí)
• 正業／正业 (zhèngyè)
• 正橋／正桥
• 正歌 (zhènggē)
• 正正堂堂
• 正正經經／正正经经
• 正步 (zhèngbù)
• 正殿 (zhèngdiàn)
• 正比 (zhèngbǐ)
• 正比例 (zhèngbǐlì)
• 正氣／正气 (zhèngqì)
• 正沖／正冲 (Zhèngchōng)
• 正法 (zhèngfǎ)
• 正法直度
• 正法眼藏
• 正派 (zhèngpài)
• 正港 (chiàⁿ-káng) (Min Nan)
• 正片
• 正牌 (zhèngpái)
• 正犯 (zhèngfàn)
• 正理 (zhènglǐ)
• 正番鴨／正番鸭 (zhèngfānyā)
• 正當／正当
• 正當中／正当中 (zhèngdāngzhōng)
• 正直 (zhèngzhí)
• 正直清廉
• 正直無私／正直无私
• 正直無邪／正直无邪
• 正眼 (zhèngyǎn)
• 正確／正确 (zhèngquè)
• 正視／正视 (zhèngshì)
• 正視繩行／正视绳行
• 正統／正统 (zhèngtǒng)
• 正統派／正统派
• 正經／正经
• 正經八百／正经八百
• 正義／正义 (zhèngyì)
• 正義感／正义感 (zhèngyìgǎn)
• 正聲／正声 (zhèngshēng)
• 正聲雅音／正声雅音
• 正職／正职 (zhèngzhí)
• 正自 (zhèngzì)
• 正色 (zhèngsè)
• 正色危言
• 正色敢言
• 正色直言
• 正號／正号 (zhènghào)
• 正襟
• 正襟危坐 (zhèngjīnwēizuò)
• 正要 (zhèngyào)
• 正見／正见
• 正規／正规 (zhèngguī)
• 正規軍／正规军 (zhèngguījūn)
• 正覺／正觉
• 正言
• 正言不諱／正言不讳
• 正言厲色／正言厉色
• 正言厲顏／正言厉颜
• 正言直諫／正言直谏
• 正話／正话
• 正該／正该
• 正誤／正误 (zhèngwù)
• 正語／正语 (zhèngyǔ)
• 正誤表／正误表
• 正論／正论
• 正課／正课
• 正路 (zhènglù)
• 正身 (zhèngshēn)
• 正身明法
• 正身清心
• 正身率下
• 正軌／正轨 (zhèngguǐ)
• 正途 (zhèngtú)
• 正道 (zhèngdào)
• 正配
• 正鋒／正锋
• 正門／正门 (zhèngmén)
• 正陽門／正阳门 (Zhèngyángmén)
• 正陽關／正阳关
• 正集團／正集团
• 正電／正电
• 正電子／正电子 (zhèngdiànzǐ)
• 正面 (zhèngmiàn)
• 正面人物
• 正面攻擊／正面攻击
• 正音 (zhèngyīn)
• 正音法
• 正章
• 正韻／正韵
• 正項／正项
• 正頭／正头
• 正頭娘子／正头娘子
• 正頭香主／正头香主
• 正題／正题 (zhèngtí)
• 正顏／正颜
• 正顏厲色／正颜厉色
• 正風／正风 (zhèngfēng)
• 正餐 (zhèngcān)
• 正骨 (zhènggǔ)
• 正體／正体 (zhèngtǐ)
• 正鯨／正鲸
• 正鹽／正盐
• 正點／正点 (zhèngdiǎn)
• 正點背畫／正点背画
• 歪打正著 (wāidǎzhèngzháo)
• 歷正／历正
• 歸正／归正 (guīzhèng)
• 歸正反本／归正反本
• 沒正經／没正经
• 洪武正韻／洪武正韵
• 浩然正氣／浩然正气
• 清原正本
• 清正 (qīngzhèng)
• 澄源正本
• 疾終正寢／疾终正寝
• 皈正
• 直言正色
• 直言正論／直言正论
• 直言正諫／直言正谏
• 真正 (zhēnzhèng)
• 真贓正賊／真赃正贼
• 矯枉過正／矫枉过正 (jiǎowǎngguòzhèng)
• 矯正／矫正 (jiǎozhèng)
• 矯正處分／矫正处分
• 矯邪歸正／矫邪归正
• 破邪顯正／破邪显正
• 神清氣正／神清气正
• 福德正神 (Fúdé Zhèngshén)
• 秉正 (bǐngzhèng)
• 立正 (lìzhèng)
• 端人正士
• 端本正源
• 端正 (duānzhèng)
• 端端正正
• 糾正／纠正 (jiūzhèng)
• 糾正權／纠正权
• 純正／纯正 (chúnzhèng)
• 結正／结正
• 繩正／绳正
• 羅馬正教／罗马正教
• 義正詞嚴／义正词严 (yìzhèngcíyán)
• 義正辭嚴／义正辞严 (yìzhèngcíyán)
• 舉正／举正
• 舍正從邪／舍正从邪
• 芒寒色正
• 董正
• 補正／补正 (bǔzhèng)
• 規正／规正
• 言歸正傳／言归正传 (yánguīzhèngzhuàn)
• 訂正／订正 (dìngzhèng)
• 詞嚴義正／词严义正
• 誠心正意／诚心正意
• 譎而不正／谲而不正
• 負負得正／负负得正 (fùfùdézhèng)
• 賢良方正／贤良方正
• 轉正／转正 (zhuǎnzhèng)
• 辨正 (biànzhèng)
• 辭嚴氣正／辞严气正
• 辭嚴義正／辞严义正
• 返正撥亂／返正拨乱
• 遷正／迁正
• 邪不勝正／邪不胜正 (xiébùshèngzhèng)
• 邪不干正 (xiébùgānzhèng)
• 郢正
• 里正 (lǐzhèng)
• 釐正 (lízhèng)
• 間接正犯／间接正犯
• 閣正／阁正
• 隆正
• 雅正 (yǎzhèng)
• 雍正 (Yōngzhèng)
• 雨無正／雨无正
• 非正式 (fēizhèngshì)
• 音正詞圓／音正词圆
• 頭正／头正
• 題目正名／题目正名
• 風華正茂／风华正茂 (fēnghuázhèngmào)
• 駁正／驳正
• 駮正／驳正
• 驗明正身／验明正身 (yànmíngzhèngshēn)

 

See also

Chinese numerals
104	108	1012	1016	1020	1024	1028	1032	1036	1040	1044	1048
萬／万 (wàn)	億／亿 (yì)	兆 (zhào) (Taiwan)	京 (jīng) (Taiwan)	垓 (gāi)	秭 (zǐ)	穰 (ráng)	溝／沟 (gōu)	澗／涧 (jiàn)	正 (zhèng)	載／载 (zài)	極／极 (jí)
		萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China)	億億/亿亿 (Mainland China)

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character	正
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	諸盈切
Baxter	tsyeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiæŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	正
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyeng ›
Old Chinese	/*C.teŋ/
English	1st (month)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	正
Reading #	1/2
No.	17171
Phonetic component	正
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	征
Old Chinese	/*tjeŋ/
Notes	甲文從止丁聲， 徵初文

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhēng (zheng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciăng / cĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zian¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsen

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jheng
    • Wade–Giles: chêng¹
    • Yale: jēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeng
    • Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zing¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châng
    • Hakka Romanization System: zang^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciăng / cĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• ciăng - vernacular;
• cĭng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviaf
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siã³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zian¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsen
    • MiniDict: tsen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyeng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.teŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋ/

Definitions

正

1. first (month of the lunar year)

   新正  ―  xīnzhēng  ―  first month of the lunar new year

2. ^† bull's eye; centre of target
3. ^† target; goal
4. ^† Original form of 征 (zhēng, “to levy”).
5. ^† Original form of 征 (zhēng, “to go on a punitive expedition”).

Compounds

• 夏正 (xiàzhēng)
• 奉其正朔
• 新正 (xīnzhēng)
• 正旦 (zhèngdàn)
• 正月 (zhēngyuè)
• 正朔 (zhēngshuò)
• 正鵠／正鹄
• 殷正
• 賀正／贺正 (hèzhēng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (正):

• → Japanese: 正(しょう) (shō); 正(せい) (sei)
• → Korean: 정(正) (jeong)
• → Vietnamese: chính (正), chánh (正)

Others:

• Lao: ຈຽງ (chīang, “first month of the lunar year”)
• Lü: ᦵᦈᧂ (ṫseng, “first month in Dai lunar calendar, starting in November”)
• Northern Thai: ᨠ᩠ᨿᨦ (“first month of the lunar year”)
• Shan: ၸဵင် (tsǎeng, “first month of the Shan year, starting December-January”)
• Ahom: 𑜋𑜢𑜂𑜫 (chiṅ, “first month of the lunar year”)
• Vietnamese: giêng (“first month of the Vietnamese lunar year, starting January-February”)

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 正

正

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

1. correct
2. justice
3. (arithmetic) positive
4. (geometry) regular

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: ただしい (tadashii, 正しい, Jōyō)、ただす (tadasu, 正す, Jōyō)、まさ (masa, 正, Jōyō)、まさに (masani, 正に)
• Nanori: おお (ō)、くに (kuni)、ま (ma)、まさし (masashi)、ただし (tadashi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 正(しょう)覚(がく) (shōgaku)
• 正(しょう)月(がつ) (shōgatsu)
• 正(しょう)客(きゃく) (shōkyaku)
• 正(しょう)直(じき) (shōjiki)
• 正(しょう)体(たい) (shōtai)
• 正(しょう)札(ふだ) (shōfuda)
• 正(しょう)法(ぶ) (shōbu)
• 正(しょう)本(ほん) (shōhon)
• 正(しょう)味(み) (shōmi)
• 正(しょう)面(めん) (shōmen)
• 正(まさ)夢(ゆめ) (masayume)
• 正門(せいもん) (seimon)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 正(せい)史(し) (seishi)
• 正(せい)義(ぎ) (seigi)
• 正(せい)確(かく) (seikaku)
• 正(せい)眼(がん) (seigan)
• 正(せい)鵠(こく) (seikoku)
• 正(せい)式(しき) (seishiki)
• 正(せい)規(き) (seiki)
• 正(せい)解(かい) (seikai)
• 正(せい)史(し) (seishi)
• 正(せい)使(し) (seishi)
• 正(せい)視(し) (seishi)
• 正(せい)書(しょ) (seisho)
• 正(せい)字(じ) (seiji)
• 正(せい)邪(じゃ) (seija)
• 正(せい)常(じょう) (seijō)
• 正(せい)数(すう) (seisū)
• 正(せい)々(せい)堂(どう)々(どう) (seiseidōdō)
• 正(せい)則(そく) (seisoku)
• 正(せい)道(どう) (seidō)
• 正(せい)犯(はん) (seihan)
• 正(せい)否(ひ) (seihi)
• 正(せい)比(ひ)例(れい) (seihirei)
• 正(せい)文(ぶん) (seibun)
• 正(せい)論(ろん) (seiron)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
正
せい Grade: 1
kan'on

Noun

正(せい) • (sei) 

1. correctness

Pronoun

正(せい) • (sei) 

1. 生: (humble) I or me, the first person singular (used by males)

Numeral

正(せい) • (sei) 

1. A number of ten-duodecillion (10⁴⁰) in modern Japanese since 17th century.
2. 5, as tally marks. Similar to four vertical lines followed by a slanted horizontal line crossing through them, this character is used to count to 5 stroke by stroke. Thus this kanji written up to the third stroke represents 3. After the fifth and final stroke, when this character is completed, one starts writing this character again to count to higher numbers.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
正
しょう Grade: 1
goon

Prefix

正(しょう) • (shō-) 

1. (history) "senior" ranking for 位 (-i, “Japanese courtier rank”)

   Antonym: 従 (ju-)

   正(しょう)一(いち)位(い)

   shōichī

   senior rank 1

   正(しょう)三(さん)位(み)

   shōsanmi

   senior rank 3

   正(しょう)九(く)位(い)

   shōkui

   senior rank 9

2. 正: exactly (of a number)

Adjective

正(しょう) • (shō) -na (adnominal 正(しょう)な (shō na), adverbial 正(しょう)に (shō ni))

1. proper; straight, direct; genuine, true

Numeral

Kanji in this term
正
しょう Grade: 1
on'yomi

正(しょう) • (shō) 

1. ten-duodecillion (10⁴⁰)

Etymology 3

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
正
ただし Grade: 1
nanori

Kanji in this term
正
まさし Grade: 1
nanori

正(まさし) or 正(ただし) or 正(たゞし) • (Masashi or Tadashi) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 正 (MC tsyengH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 져ᇰ〮 (Yale: cyéng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 졍 (cyeng)^訓 (Yale: cyeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɘ(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [정(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

正

Wikisource 正 (eumhun 바를 정 (bareul jeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 정 (“straight; upright; erect”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 정규 (正規, jeonggyu)
• 정답 (正答, jeongdap)
• 정당 (正當, jeongdang)
• 정도 (正道, jeongdo)
• 정면 (正面, jeongmyeon)
• 정문 (正門, jeongmun)
• 정상 (正常, jeongsang)
• 정색 (正色, jeongsaek)
• 정식 (正式, jeongsik)
• 정안 (正眼, jeong'an)
• 정오 (正午, jeong'o, “midday; noon”)
• 정오 (正誤, jeong'o)
• 정원 (正員, jeong'won)
• 정의 (正義, jeong'ui)
• 정장 (正裝, jeongjang)
• 정직 (正直, jeongjik)
• 정체 (正體, jeongche)
• 정통 (正統, jeongtong)
• 정품 (正品, jeongpum)
• 정화 (正貨, jeonghwa)
• 정확 (正確, jeonghwak)
• 개정 (改正, gaejeong)
• 경정 (更正, gyeongjeong)
• 경정 (梗正, gyeongjeong)
• 공정 (公正, gongjeong)
• 광정 (匡正, gwangjeong)
• 교정 (校正, gyojeong)
• 교정 (矯正, gyojeong)
• 단정 (端正, danjeong)
• 당정 (黨正, dangjeong)
• 동정 (董正, dongjeong)
• 방정 (方正, bangjeong)
• 보정 (補正, bojeong)
• 부정 (不正, bujeong)
• 사정 (査正, sajeong)
• 사정 (邪正, sajeong)
• 삼정 (芟正, samjeong)
• 서정 (緖正, seojeong)
• 수정 (修正, sujeong)
• 숙정 (肅正, sukjeong)
• 시정 (是正, sijeong)
• 엄정 (嚴正, eomjeong)
• 염정 (廉正, yeomjeong)
• 오정 (午正, ojeong)
• 이정 (里正, ijeong)
• 이정 (釐正, ijeong)
• 인정 (寅正, injeong)
• 자정 (子正, jajeong, “midnight”)
• 적정 (適正, jeokjeong)
• 정정 (訂正, jeongjeong)
• 진정 (眞正, jinjeong)
• 질정 (質正, jiljeong)
• 칙정 (飭正, chikjeong)
• 현정 (顯正, hyeonjeong)
• 정반대 (正反對, jeongbandae)
• 정범자 (正犯者, jeongbeomja)
• 정비례 (正比例, jeongbirye)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 正 (MC tsyeng).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 져ᇰ (Yale: cyeng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [정]

Hanja

正 (eumhun 정월(正月) 정)

1. hanja form^? of 정 (“first (month of the lunar year)”)
2. hanja form^? of 정 (“target”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 정월 (正月, jeong'wol)
• 신정 (新正, sinjeong)
• 하정 (賀正, hajeong)
• 정삭 (正朔, jeongsak)
• 정곡 (正鵠, jeonggok)
• 정일 (正日, jeong'il)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

正: Hán Việt readings: chinh (之(chi)盛(thịnh)切(thiết)), chánh^[1][2], chính^{[3][4][1][2][5]}
正: Nôm readings: chánh^{[3][4][1][2][5]}, chênh^[1], chính^{[3][4][1][2][6]}, chếnh^{[1][7][2][5][6]}, chiếng^[3], chỉnh^[1], giêng^[1]

1. Chữ Hán form of chánh (“chief; head”).
2. Chữ Hán form of chính (“main; major, chief; just, righteous”).
3. Nôm form of chếnh.

Derived terms

Compounds

• 不正 (bất chính)
• 改正 (cải chính)
• 真正 (chân chính)
• 正当 (chính đáng)
• 正名 (chính danh)
• 正义 (chính nghĩa)
• 正果 (chính quả)
• 正國 (chính quốc)
• 正統 (chính thống)
• 正式 (chính thức)
• 正直 (chính trực)
• 正确 (chính xác)
• 公正 (công chính)
• 訂正 (đính chính)
• 端正 (đoan chính)
• 效正 (hiệu chính)
• 廉正 (liêm chính)
• 男正 (nam chính)
• 严正 (nghiêm chính)
• 女正 (nữ chính)
• 斧正 (phủ chính)
• 歸正 (quy chính)
• 修正 (tu chính)

References

1. Trần (2004).
2. Bonet (1899).
3. Nguyễn (2014).
4. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
5. Génibrel (1898).
6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
7. Hồ (1976).