知識

See also: 知识

Chinese

		to know; to be aware	to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge
trad. (知識)		知	識
simp. (知识)		知	识
alternative forms		知䛊 obsolete unofficial simplified form

Pronunciation 1

[Show/Hide]
edit edit 知事 知識 / 知识 芝士

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Baxter	trje	syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1	sik1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhīshi, zhīshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ ˙ㄕ, ㄓ ㄕˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹ / zi³ sik¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): dĭ-sék
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tì-sek / tì-siak / tì-sit / ti-siak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsy-seq₇

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ˙ㄕ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁵
    • Yale: jr̄-shr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy.shy
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁴
    • Yale: jr̄-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹ / zi³ sik¹
    • Yale: jī sīk / ji sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷ / dzi³ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹ / ji³ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡siː³³ sɪk̚⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 姿色 知悉 知識 / 知识

Note: zi3 sik1 - also written as 智識.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭ-sék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(s-)lɛiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sek
    • Tâi-lô: tì-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dieseg
    • IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Singapore): /ti²¹⁻⁴² sek̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-siak
    • Tâi-lô: tì-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diesiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sit
    • Tâi-lô: tì-sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diesid
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti-siak
    • Tâi-lô: ti-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: disiag
    • IPA (Philippines): /ti³³ siak̚⁵/

Note: also written as 智識.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai sek / tì sek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³⁻²³ sek̚²/, /ti²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sek̚²/

Note: di3 sêg4 - also written as 智識.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsy-seq₇
    • MiniDict: tsy^平 seh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr-seq₄
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: trje syik

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre  s-tək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e  tjɯɡs/

Noun

知識

1. knowledge

   學習知識／学习知识  ―  xuéxí zhīshi  ―  to acquire knowledge

   更新知識／更新知识  ―  gēngxīn zhīshi  ―  to renew one's knowledge

   知識淵博／知识渊博  ―  zhīshi yuānbó  ―  to be knowledgeable

   傳授知識／传授知识  ―  chuánshòu zhīshi  ―  to pass on knowledge

   知識結構／知识结构  ―  zhīshi jiégòu  ―  knowledge structure

   知識爆炸／知识爆炸  ―  zhīshi bàozhà  ―  knowledge explosion

   長知識／长知识  ―  zhǎng zhīshi  ―  to acquire knowledge; to learn something new

   圖書館是人類知識的海洋。 [MSC, trad.]
   图书馆是人类知识的海洋。 [MSC, simp.]

   Túshūguǎn shì rénlèi zhīshi de hǎiyáng. [Pinyin]

   Libraries contain knowledge of human experience as vast as the open sea.

   知識不一定完全來自於學校的教育，社會也是個大學嘛。 [MSC, trad.]
   知识不一定完全来自于学校的教育，社会也是个大学嘛。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhīshi bù yīdìng wánquán láizì yú xuéxiào de jiàoyù, shèhuì yě shì ge dàxué ma. [Pinyin]

   Knowledge does not come from schooling alone. Society is a kind of university.

2. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) intellect; intelligence

   • 今日遣來的兩個婆子偏生是極無知識的，聞得寶玉要見，進來只剛問了好，說了沒兩句話。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     今日遣来的两个婆子偏生是极无知识的，闻得宝玉要见，进来只刚问了好，说了没两句话。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18^th century CE

     Jīnrì qiǎn lái de liǎng ge pózi piānshēng shì jí wú zhīshí de, wén dé Bǎoyù yào jiàn, jìnlái zhǐ gāng wèn le hǎo, shuō le méi liǎng jù huà. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

• (knowledge):

edit

• 字目 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 學問 / 学问 (xuéwèn)
• 心得 (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 智識 / 智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
• 聞見 / 闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)
• 見聞 / 见闻 (jiànwén)
• 見識 / 见识 (jiànshí)
• 認識 / 认识
• 識見 / 识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

• (intellect): 智力 (zhìlì)

Derived terms

• 元知識 / 元知识
• 冷知識 / 冷知识
• 專業知識 / 专业知识
• 知識人 / 知识人
• 知識分子 / 知识分子
• 知識圖譜 / 知识图谱
• 知識就是力量 / 知识就是力量
• 知識工人 / 知识工人
• 知識庫 / 知识库
• 知識產品 / 知识产品
• 知識產業 / 知识产业
• 知識產權 / 知识产权
• 知識界 / 知识界
• 知識經濟 / 知识经济
• 知識論 / 知识论
• 知識青年 / 知识青年
• 知識面 / 知识面
• 知識點 / 知识点
• 零知識證明 / 零知识证明

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (知識):

• → Japanese: 知(ち)識(しき) (chishiki)
• → Korean: 지식(知識) (jisik)
• → Vietnamese: tri thức (知識)

Pronunciation 2

[Show/Hide]
edit edit 知事 知識 / 知识 芝士

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Baxter	trje	syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1	sik1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhīshí, zhīshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄕˊ, ㄓ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshíh
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih²
    • Yale: jr̄-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyr
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁴
    • Yale: jr̄-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹
    • Yale: jī sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 姿色 知悉 知識 / 知识

---

• Middle Chinese: trje syik

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre  s-tək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e  tjɯɡs/

Verb

知識

1. (literary) to know; to be familiar with

Synonyms

edit

• 了解 (liǎojiě)
• 佔有 / 占有 (zhànyǒu)
• 分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 參悟 / 参悟 (cānwù)
• 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 懂 (dǒng)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 打生 (Wenzhounese)
• 把握 (bǎwò)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
• 明白
• 明瞭 / 明了 (míngliǎo)
• 曉得 / 晓得 (xiǎode)
• 會悟 / 会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 清亮 (mainland China)
• 清楚
• 熟似 (Hokkien)
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
• 熟識 / 熟识 (shúshí)
• 理會 / 理会 (lǐhuì)
• 理解 (lǐjiě)
• 瞭悟 / 了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
• 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
• 知曉 / 知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 知道 (zhīdào)
• 覺 / 觉
• 覺悟 / 觉悟 (juéwù)
• 覺醒 / 觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 認識 / 认识
• 諳曉 / 谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
• 諳達 / 谙达 (āndá) (literary)
• 貫通 / 贯通 (guàntōng)
• 通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
• 通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
• 達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 開悟 / 开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
• 領悟 / 领悟 (lǐngwù)
• 領會 / 领会 (lǐnghuì)
• 領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)

Noun

知識

1. (literary) acquaintance; friend

   • 人有大臭者，其親戚兄弟妻妾知識無能與居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     人有大臭者，其亲戚兄弟妻妾知识无能与居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

     Rén yǒu dà chòu zhě, qí qīnqī xiōngdì qīqiè zhīshí wú néng yǔ jū zhě, zìkǔ ér jū hǎishàng. [Pinyin]

     There was a man who stank obnoxiously. Among his relatives, siblings, wives, and friends, none could bear to live with him. Troubled by himself, he went to dwell on an island in the sea.

Synonyms

edit

• 半熟臉兒 / 半熟脸儿 (bànshóuliǎnr) (colloquial)
• 所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 熟人 (shúrén)
• 熟人子 (shou⁶ ren² zr) (Xiang)
• 熟似人 (Hokkien)
• 相識 / 相识 (xiāngshí)

Derived terms

• 善知識 / 善知识 (shànzhīshí)