The German Freikorps broke through German Soviet defenses around Munich, then the capital of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, and began capturing the city street by street.[1]
Riots broke out in Cleveland during a parade in the Public Square that was organized by American socialist leader C. E. Ruthenberg to protest the imprisonment of labor leader Eugene V. Debs. While exact causes of the initial violence were disputed, the riots spread and resulted in two people killed, 40 injured, and 116 arrested.[2]
Weimar Republic troops and the Freikorps occupied Munich and crushed remaining German Soviet resistance after two days of intense street fighting. In total, 606 people were killed including 335 civilians. German forces also killed several Soviet leaders, including Gustav Landauer, and arrested Eugen Leviné, president of the Bavarian Soviet Republic.[11]
The British weekly film magazine Picture Show published its first issue. It was the longest-running British film magazine until its final publication in 1960.[16]
A riot broke out in Fremantle, Australia when strikers for the Waterside Workers' Federation of Australia attempted to stop a rival union from crossing the picket line to unload a ship in port. During the violence, union worker Tom Edwards was struck in the head by a police baton and died from his injury days later.[19][20][21]
Lucina C. Broadwell, a 29-year-old mother of three in Barre, Vermont, was found murdered early morning in what was considered "one of the most horrendous crimes to take place in Vermont up to that time." Her body was naked except for shoes and stockings, and an autopsy found she had been strangled.[23] Lucina was buried in Johnson, Vermont, on May 7, 1919.[24]
The comic strip Harold Teen, created by Carl Ed, was first published in the Chicago Tribune, becoming the first cartoon to feature an adolescent as the main character.[25]
The May Fourth Movement spread to other cities in China as student groups joined in solidarity with their Beijing counterparts who had been arrested and jailed for anti-imperialism protests the previous day in Tiananmen.[26]
L. Frank Baum, 62, the creator of The Wizard of Oz series, died in Los Angeles after suffering a stroke the previous day. It was reported his last words to his wife Maude were "Now we can cross the Shifting Sands," a reference to the impenetrable desert that surrounded the mythical Land of Oz he created through 12 novels (two more would be published after his death).[48]
The constitution of Luxembourg was amended to extend universal suffrage to all citizens over age 21, regardless of sex. This amendment came into force on May 15.[58]
Third Anglo-Afghan War– A planned uprising in Peshawar, British India to coincide with the Afghan invasion was quashed after British authorities threatened to cut off the local water supply to citizens.[59]
Australian journalist Edward George Honey, under the pen name Warren Foster, proposed the idea of a moment of silence to commemorate the armistice of World War I in a letter to The Evening News: "Five little minutes only. Five silent minutes of national remembrance. A very sacred intercession. Communion with the Glorious Dead who won us peace, and from the communion new strength, hope and faith in the morrow."[60][61]
Third Anglo-Afghan War– A British force attempted to recapture the border Indian Bagh from the Afghans but failed when it was split up to protect its flanks.[59]
Women in Belgium who were widows or single mothers of servicemen that were either killed in action, taken prisoner by the enemy, or were involved in the resistance movement were allowed to vote and run for office.[67]
Portugal held new elections less than a year after the previous ones, with the Democratic Party that had boycotted in the previous year returning to win the majority of the seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.[79]
Third Anglo-Afghan War– Reinforced with a second division, the British were able to recapture the Indian border town of Bagh in their second attack against the Afghans and force them to retreat over the border. The Afghans suffered 400 casualties, including 100 killed, while the British recorded eight killed and 31 wounded.[80]
The Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in Odessa and established in Tiraspol (now part of Moldova) as an autonomous part of Soviet Russia, even though neither city was part of the historical Bessarabia. The actual region had merged with Romania in 1918 but was never recognized by the Russian Soviet government. Eventually, the soviet republic in exile was dissolved in September.[81][82]
The first Hostess CupCake was sold by Taggart Bakery as the Chocolate Cup Cake, often in pairs for five cents. In 1925, the Continental Baking Company bought out Taggaret Bakery and the dessert became associated with the Hostess brand.[84]
Single women over age 20 were given the right to vote in local elections on the Isle of Jersey.[108]
Arrests were made in the murder of Lucina C. Broadwell of Barre, Vermont. George Long and Isabelle Parker were charged with murder after it was revealed Long had been having an affair with Broadwell while Parker, being Long's landlord, had participated in covering it up.[109] The resulting trial in October lead to a conviction of murder in the second degree for Long and a reduced charge of "conducting a house of ill fame" for Parker. Long was sentenced to life imprisonment while Parker received two and half years. She died in prison two years later.[110]
The U.S. NavyblimpC-5 completed a pioneering overnight flight from its base at Cape May, New Jersey, to St. John's, becoming the first airship to visit the Newfoundland port. The navy planned for C-5 to become the first airship to fly across the Atlantic Ocean. However, shortly after arriving, C-5 broke her mooring lines during high winds and drifted out unmanned into the ocean where she crashed in the evening 85 miles from St. John's. Recovered by a British ship, C-5 never flew again.[111][112][113]
Died:Aaron Aaronsohn, Romanian-Palestinian botanist, first to identify emmer, the first wheat grain grown by primitive humans (killed in a plane crash) (b. 1876)
Third Anglo-Afghan War– British Sikh forces attacked a force of 3,000 Afghan troops near the Khyber Pass, inflicting 600 casualties including 200 killed while suffering 22 killed and 137 wounded. The Afghans abandoned their position, losing most of their artillery pieces and machine guns.[120]
Around 800 ethnic Greek militia began looting and burning Turkish villages in Urla, Turkey a day after the Greek landing at Smyrna. A local Turkish militia of 120 men plus 25 regular Ottoman troops were organized to repel the attacks.[121]
Women in Jamaica over the age of 25 that earned income or paid taxes became eligible to vote.[122][123]
British pilot Harry Hawker and co-pilot Kenneth Mackenzie-Grieve attempted the first non-stop transatlantic flight but were forced to ditch their aircraft only 2,253km (1,400mi) after leaving Newfoundland.[137] The London newspaper Daily Mail awarded them a prize of £5,000 for their attempt anyway since Hawker flew over 1,000 miles (1,600km) without ditching the aircraft.[138]
The Idaho State Police was established, initially as the Bureau of Constabulary under the Idaho Department of Law Enforcement.[139]
The Chamber of Deputies passed a bill to extend universal suffrage to women in France, with 377 in favor and 97 against. However, it failed to pass the Senate and delayed women's voting rights until 1944.[146][147]
American hotel owner Raymond Orteig offered a prize of $25,000 to the first aviator to fly non-stop from New York City to Paris. However, aircraft were still not designed to do transatlantic flights of that length until the mid-1920s when Orteig offered the prize again. Ultimately, it was Charles Lindbergh who won it in 1927.[156]
Third Anglo-Afghan War– Stretched supplies and communications created disorder among British forces within the Kurram region along the Afghan-British India border, with several posts being abandoned.[167]
Journalist Constancio C. Vigil published the first edition of the weekly newspaper El Gráfico in Buenos Aires. It eventually became a monthly sports magazine before its run ended in 2018.[196]
John J. Grabowski; David D. VanTassel, eds. (1996). The encyclopedia of Cleveland history (2nded.). Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Press. p.1165. ISBN978-0253330567.
(in Polish) Rafał Kowalczyk and Łukasz Kamiński, Zakazane święta PRLu, Polskie Radio Online, May 3, 2008. Retrieved on 4 July 2011 (from the Internet Archive)
Simpson, Bill (1997). A History of the Railways of Oxfordshire. Vol.Part 1: The North. Banbury and Witney: Lamplight Publications. p.107. ISBN1-899246-02-9.
Hernalsteen, An (November 2014). "'Ik wou dat ik een Blankenberge had'"['I wish I had a Blankenberge']. Grafzerkje vzw (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
Phillips, William L. (1976) "The Editions of Winesburg, Ohio". in Campbell, Hilbert H. and Modlin, Charles E.A (eds). Sherwood Anderson: Centennial Studies. Troy, NY: Whitston Publishing Company. ISBN0-87875-093-2. pp. 153-54
Adams, Joshua (June 2014). "All Aboard The Peace Train"(PDF). Arming All Sides. London, England: On the Record Community Interest Company. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919. Vol.2, History of Air Service Units Attached to the 3d Army. Washington, D.C.: National Archives.
Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918-1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. ISBN0-85130-164-9, p. 307
Sarısakal, Baki (2008). Belge ve tanıklarla Samsun'dan Ankara'ya: 19 Mayıs 1919 - 23 Nisan 1920, Issue 1. Samsun Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Kültür ve Sosyal İşler Daire Başkanlığı. p.213. ISBN978-9759229665.
Jensen, Peter Kincaid (1979). "The Greco-Turkish War, 1920–1922". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 4. 10 (4): 553–565. doi:10.1017/s0020743800051333. S2CID163086095.
Becke, Major A.F. (1938). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 3A. New Army Divisions (9–26). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. p.103. ISBN1-871167-08-6.
John C. Miles, Guardians of the Parks: A History of the National Parks and Conservation Association (Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1995). ISBN1-56032-446-5, pp. 4-52
Nash, S.E. 1999. Time, Trees, and Prehistory: Tree-Ring Dating and the Development of North American Archaeology 1914-1950. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press. pp. 24-30
Kuzyk, Valentyna. "Mykola Dmytrovych LEONTOVYCH". National Organization of Composers of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2007-11-09. Retrieved 2007-12-31.
Estonian War of Independence 1918–1920. Jyri Kork (Ed.). Esto, Baltimore, 1988 (Reprint from Estonian War of Independence 1918-1920. Historical Committee for the War of Independence, Tallinn, 1938)
David Bilton, Hull Pals, 10th, 11th 12th and 13th Battalions East Yorkshire Regiment – A History of 92 Infantry Brigade, 31st Division, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2014, ISBN978-1-78346-185-1, pp. 267-272
Beadle, Jeremy; Harrison, Ian (25 September 2007). "Last time the British army used scaling ladders". Military. Firsts, Lasts & Onlys. London: Robson. p.112. ISBN9781905798063.
Wim P. van Meurs, East European Monographs, 1994, The Bessarabian question in communist historiography: nationalist and communist politics and history-writing, p. 77
"Raskolnikov biography" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. В конце 1918 назначен зам. командующего 7-й армией по морской части и член РВС Балтийского флота. Поставлен во главе крупного отряда (линкор, крейсер, 2 миноносца), который должен был противодействовать английскому флоту. Проявил себя бездарным командиром и в начале 1919 был бзят в плен на миноносце "Спартак". 27.5.1919 был обменян на 17 пленных английских офицеров. В 1919–20 командовал Астраханско-Каспийской (затем Волжско-Каспийской) военной.
Palazzo, Albert (2002). Defenders of Australia: The 3rd Australian Division 1916–1991. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications. p.54. ISBN1-876439-03-3.
Morgan, Joseph (2014). "Voices from Gallipoli and the Western Front: The Forgotten 26th". Sabretache. LV (1 (March)). Garran, Australian Capital Territory: Military Historical Society of Australia: 26. ISSN0048-8933.
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