Italian librettist and writer (1850–1919) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ferdinando Fontana (30 January 1850 – 10 May 1919) was an Italian journalist, dramatist, and poet. He is best known today for having written the libretti of the first two operas by Giacomo Puccini – Le Villi and Edgar.
Portrait of Ferdinando Fontana by Vespasiano BignamiNotice in Gazzetta Musicale di Milano (1884) announcing Ricordi's publication of Le Villi and their contract with Puccini to write a second opera with Fontana.
Born at Milan, then part of the Austrian Empire, into a family of artists - both his father Carlo and his brother Roberto were painters - he entered a Barnabite school at the age of seven and then went on to study at the Collegio Zambelli. He was forced to abandon his studies while still young to provide for himself and his two younger sisters following the death of their mother. During that period, he worked in a series of menial jobs before becoming a copy editor for the newspaper Corriere di Milano. This brought him into contact with the world of journalism and literature, which was to become his career.
An exponent of the second Scapigliatura artistic movement, Fontana was a very versatile writer. Apart from his plays and opera libretti, he wrote poems (in both Italian and Milanese dialect), travel books, and articles in various Italian newspapers, including Corriere della Sera. From 1878 to 1879 he was the Berlin correspondent for the Gazzetta Piemontese (today La Stampa).
During his time in Milan, Fontana wrote two plays in Milanese dialect, La Pina Madamin and La Statôa del sciôr Incioda. Both had considerable success and starred Edoardo Ferravilla, considered one of the greatest comic actors in Milanese theatre. He wrote numerous libretti, including two for Alberto Franchetti (Asrael and Zoroastro) and two for Puccini (Le Villi and Edgar). He wrote the libretto for Edgar in Caprino Bergamasco, where fellow librettist Antonio Ghislanzoni ran a hotel for artists.[1]
He also translated several operetta libretti for performance in Italy, including Franz Lehár's Die lustige Witwe (The Merry Widow) and Der Graf von Luxemburg (The Count of Luxembourg), Oskar Nedbal's Polenblut (Polish Blood), and Edmund Eysler's Der Frauenfresser (The Woman-Eater). Early in his career, Fontana's output was prodigious: an 1886 article in La Stampa said that at the time, 13 new libretti by Fontana were being composed by 12 different composers.[2]
A committed and passionate socialist, he took part in the Milanese demonstrations in 1898 which led to the Bava-Beccaris massacre. Because of the repressions which followed, he fled to Switzerland where he first lived in Montagnola, a small town near Lugano. He remained in Switzerland until his death, living a modest life, and greatly reducing his literary activities.
Fontana died in Lugano in 1919, at the age of 69.
Caricature of Fontana by the Italian composer, Antonio Cagnoni (1828-1896)
Unless indicated otherwise, the texts were opera libretti.
El marchionn di gamb avert, from the poem Lament del Marchionn di gamb avert by Carlo Porta, set to music by Enrico Bernardi (Milan, 14 July 1875)
Il conte di Montecristo, completion of a libretto by Emilio Praga, music by Raffaele Dell'Aquila (Milan, 14 June 1876)
Maria e Taide, music by Nicolò Massa (August 1876)
Il violino del diavolo, music by Agostino Mercuri (Cagli, 12 September 1878)
Aldo e Clarenza, music by Nicolò Massa (11 Aprile 1878)
Inno del Canton Ticino (Anthem of Canton Ticino) as well as songs and romanzas set to music by various composers, including Nicolò Massa and Francesco Paolo Tosti. Fontana supplied the poems for three songs by Tosti – "Senza di te!", "È morto Pulcinella!", and "Nonna,... sorridi?...".[4]
Wilson, Conrad (2008). Giacomo Puccini. London, U.K.: Phaidon Press. p.75. ISBN9780714847757. Edgar had been completed at Caprino Bergamasco, in the hills between Lecco and Bergamo, because that was where Fontana spent much of his time and Ghislanzoni ran his artists' hotel, Il Barco.
This article is a substantial translation from Ferdinando Fontana in the Italian Wikipedia. With the exception of Sanvitale (2004), the source texts listed below are from the original article.
Cesari, Francesco, Ferdinando Fontana librettista, in Scapigliatura & Fin de Siècle. Libretti d'opera italiani dall'Unità al primo Novecento - Scritti per Mario Morini, edited by Johannes Streicher, Sonia Teramo e Roberta Travaglini, Ismez, Rome 2007, pp.325–344 - ISBN88-89675-02-0
Gallini, Natale, Incontro con Ferdinando Fontana in La Martinella di Milano IX (1955), pp.11–12
Istituto di Studi Pucciniani, Lettere di Ferdinando Fontana a Giacomo Puccini: 1884-1919, in Quaderni Puccininani 4 - 1992.
Longoni, Biancamaria, Vita e opere di Ferdinando Fontana, in Quaderni Puccininani 4 - 1992, Istituto di Studi Pucciniani.
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