1850 (MDCCCL ) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar , the 1850th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 850th year of the 2nd millennium , the 50th year of the 19th century , and the 1st year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1850, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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1850 .
The Royal Commission for the Great Exhibition is established in the U.K.
October– December
October 1 – The University of Sydney (the oldest in Australia) is founded.
October 19 – The Phi Kappa Sigma international fraternity is founded, at the University of Pennsylvania .
October 28 – Delegate Edward Ralph May delivers a speech on behalf of African-American suffrage, to the Indiana Constitutional Convention.
November
Taiping Rebellion : The first clashes of the Taiping Rebellion occur, between the Imperialist militia and the Heavenly Army.
Undergraduates at Exeter College, Oxford arrange a "foot grind" (a cross-country steeplechase), the first organised university athletic event.[4]
November 29 – The treaty known as the Punctation of Olmütz is signed in Olomouc . It means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to the Austrian Empire , which takes over the leadership of the German Confederation .
December 16 – Members of the Canterbury Association , the first settlers bound for Christchurch , arrive from England at the port of Lyttelton, New Zealand , aboard the Charlotte Jane and Randolph .
Date unknown
Dost Mohammad Barakzai , emir of Afghanistan, captures Balkh .[5]
The first portion of the Oudh Bequest is transferred from Oudh State in the British Raj to the Shia Islam holy cities of Najaf and Karbala , in Persia .
The American system of watch manufacturing is started in Roxbury, Massachusetts , by the Waltham Watch Company .
Bingley Hall , the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham , England.
Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency , in the United States.
The temperance organisation, International Organisation of Good Templars , is established in Utica, New York , as the order of the Knights of Jericho.
Mayer Lehman arrives from Germany to join his siblings in Lehman Brothers dry-goods business (predecessor of the bank) in Montgomery, Alabama .
One of the original segments of the historic Pacific Highway (United States) in Washington (state) in Clark and Cowlitz counties is established.[6]
German physicist Rudolf Clausius publishes his paper on the mechanical theory of heat ("On the Moving Force of Heat") which first states the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics .
The city of Manchester , England, reaches 400,000 inhabitants.
From this year until 1880 , 144,000 East Indian laborers go to Trinidad and 39,000 to Jamaica .
Ongoing – Great Famine (Ireland) subsides.[7]
January– February
Sofia Kovalevskaya
Mary Noailles Murfree
Mihai Eminescu
January 1 – John Barclay Armstrong , Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshal (d. 1913 )
January 6
January 10 – John Wellborn Root , American architect (d. 1891 )
January 11 – Philipp von Ferrary , Italian stamp collector (d. 1917 )
January 14 – Pierre Loti , French novelist (d. 1923 )[8]
January 15
January 18 – Seth Low , American educator (d. 1916 )
January 19 – Augustine Birrell , English author, politician (d. 1933 )
January 24 – Hermann Ebbinghaus , German psychologist (d. 1909 )
January 27
January 29
February 8 – Kate Chopin , American writer (d. 1904 )[11]
February 10 – Alexander von Linsingen , German general (d. 1935 )
February 12 – William Morris Davis , American geographer (d. 1934 )
February 14 – Kiyoura Keigo , Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1942 )
February 15 – Albert B. Cummins , American lawyer and politician (d. 1926 )
February 17 – Alf Morgans , 4th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1933 )
February 18 – Sir George Henschel , English musician (d. 1934 )
February 23 – César Ritz , Swiss hotelier (d. 1918 )
February 27 – Henry E. Huntington , American railroad pioneer, art collector (d. 1927 )
March– April
Fanny Davenport
Hans von Pechmann
April 1 – Hans von Pechmann , German chemist (d. 1902 )
April 8 – Kawamura Kageaki , Japanese field marshal (d. 1926 )
April 9 – Sir Julius Wernher , German-born British businessman, art collector (d. 1912 )
April 10
April 12 – Nikolai Golitsyn , Prime Minister of Russia (d. 1925 )
April 13 – Arthur Matthew Weld Downing , British astronomer (d. 1917 )
April 15
April 18 – Jo Labadie , American labor organizer (d. 1933 )
April 20 – Daniel Chester French , American sculptor (d. 1931 )
April 23 – Agda Montelius , Swedish feminist (d. 1920 )
April 26
April 27 – Hans Hartwig von Beseler , German general (d. 1921 )
May– June
May 1 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn , British prince and Governor General of Canada (d. 1942 )
May 3 – Johnny Ringo , American cowboy (d. 1882 )
May 7 – Anton Seidl , Hungarian conductor (d. 1898 )
May 8 – Ross Barnes , American baseball player (d. 1915 )
May 10 – Sir Thomas Lipton , Scottish merchant, yachtsman (d. 1931 )
May 12
May 18 – Oliver Heaviside , British engineer (d. 1925 )
May 21
May 27 – Thomas Neill Cream , Scottish-Canadian serial killer (d. 1892 )
May 28 – Frederic William Maitland , English jurist and historian (d. 1906 )
May 30 – Frederick Dent Grant , U.S. soldier, statesman (d. 1912 )
June 2
June 5 – Pat Garrett , American bartender and sheriff (d. 1908 )
Karl Ferdinand Braun
June 6 – Karl Ferdinand Braun , German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918 )
June 15 – Charles Hazelius Sternberg , American fossil collector, amateur paleontologist (d. 1943 )
June 21 – Daniel Carter Beard , American scouting pioneer (d. 1941 )
June 22 – Ignaz Goldziher , Hungarian orientalist (d. 1921 )
June 24 – Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener , British field marshal, statesman (d. 1916 )
June 27
June 30 – Paul von Plehwe , Russian general (d. 1916 )
January– March
Daoguang Emperor
January 17 – Elizabeth Simcoe , English-born wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. 1762 )
January 2 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña , interim President of Mexico (b. 1789 )
January 20 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger , Danish poet, playwright (b. 1779 )[17]
January 22
January 26 – Francis Jeffrey , Scottish judge, literary critic (b. 1773 )
January 27
February 4 – Daniel Turner , officer in the United States Navy (b. 1794 )
February 20 – Valentín Canalizo , acting president of Mexico (b. 1794 )
February 23 – Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer , British military officer, colonial administrator (b. 1775 )
February 24 – Tan Tock Seng , Singaporean businessman, philanthropist (b. 1798 )
February 25 – Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty of China (b. 1782 )
February 27 – Samuel Adams , Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. 1805 )
February 28 – Edward Bickersteth , English evangelical divine (b. 1786 )
March 3 – Oliver Cowdery , American religious leader (b. 1806 )
March 7 – Sir Hercules Robert Pakenham , British army general (b. 1781 )
March 13
March 26 – Samuel Turell Armstrong , American political figure (b. 1784 )
March 27 – Wilhelm Beer , German banker, astronomer (b. 1797 )
March 28 – Gerard Brandon , Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788 )
March 31 – John C. Calhoun , 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782 )
April– June
William Wordsworth
Marie Tussaud
April 7 – William Lisle Bowles , English poet, critic (b. 1762 )
April 9 – William Prout , English chemist, physician (b. 1785 )
April 11 – Raja Nara Singh , regent of Manipur (b. 1792 )
April 12 – Adoniram Judson , American Baptist missionary (b. 1788 )
April 16 – Marie Tussaud , French wax sculptor (b. 1761 )
April 17 – Jan Krukowiecki , Polish general (b. 1772 )
April 22 – Friedrich Robert Faehlmann , Estonian philologist, physician (b. 1798 )
April 23 – William Wordsworth , English poet (b. 1770 )[18]
April 24 – John Norvell , American newspaperman, senator (b. 1789 )
May 1 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville , French zoologist, anatomist (b. 1777 )
May 2 – Joseph Plumb Martin , American Revolutionary soldier, narrative author (b. 1760 )
May 10 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac , French chemist, physicist (b. 1778 )
May 12 – Frances Sargent Osgood , U.S. poet (b. 1811 )
May 21 – Christoph Friedrich von Ammon , German theological writer, preacher (b. 1766 )
May 24
May 31 – Giuseppe Giusti , Tuscan satirical poet (b. 1809 )
June 9 – John Green Crosse , English surgeon (b. 1790 )
June 16 – William Lawson , British explorer of New South Wales (b. 1774 )
June 30 – Richard Dillingham , American Quaker teacher (b. 1823 )
July– September
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
José de San Martín
Honoré de Balzac
Louis Philippe I
July 2 – Robert Peel , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788 )
July 4 – William Kirby , English entomologist (b. 1759 )
July 7 – Timothy Hackworth , British steam locomotive engineer (b. 1786 )
July 8 – Prince Adolphus of the United Kingdom , 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774 )[19]
July 9
July 12 – Robert Stevenson , Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. 1772 )[20]
July 14 – August Neander , German theologian, church historian (b. 1789 )[21]
July 16 – Julia Glover , Irish-born British stage actress (b. ca. 1779 )
July 19 – Margaret Fuller , American journalist (b. 1810 )
July 23 – Vicente Filisola , Italian-born Mexican General (b. 1785 )
July 25 – Richard Barnes Mason , military governor of California (b. 1797 )
August 3 – Jacob Jones , U.S. Navy officer (b. 1768 )
August 6
August 13 – Martin Archer Shee , Irish painter, president of the Royal Academy (b. 1770 )
August 17 – General José de San Martín , Argentine military and South American independence hero (b. 1778 )
August 18
August 22 – Nikolaus Lenau , Austrian poet (b. 1802 )
August 26 – King Louis Philippe I of France (b. 1773 )[23]
August 27 – Thomas Kidd , English classical scholar, schoolmaster (b. 1770 )
September 2 – Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn , British Tory politician (b. 1775 )
September 12 – Presley O'Bannon , officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. 1784 )
September 22 – Johann Heinrich von Thünen , German economist (b. 1783 )
September 23 – José Gervasio Artigas , Uruguayan revolutionary (b. 1764 )
October– December
Sarah Biffen
October 2 – Sarah Biffen , English painter (b. 1784 )
October 11 – Louise, Queen of the Belgians (b. 1812 )
October 29 – Marmaduke Williams , Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1774 )
November 2 – Richard Dobbs Spaight Jr. , Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. 1796 )
November 3 – Thomas Ford , governor of Illinois (b. 1800 )
November 4 – Gustav Schwab , German classical scholar (b. 1792 )
November 9 – François-Xavier-Joseph Droz , French writer on ethics and political science (b. 1773 )
November 19 – Richard Mentor Johnson , 9th Vice President of the United States (b. 1780 )
November 22 – Lin Zexu , Chinese politician (b. 1785 )
November 30 – Germain Henri Hess , Swiss chemist, doctor (b. 1802 )
December 4 – William Sturgeon , English physicist, inventor (b. 1783 )
December 10
December 22 – William Plumer , American lawyer, lay preacher (b. 1759 )
December 24 – Frédéric Bastiat French author, economist (b. 1801 )
December 28 – Heinrich Christian Schumacher , German astronomer (b. 1780 )
December 30 – Pierre M. Lapie , French cartographer (b. 1777 )
Barger, M. Susan; et al. (2000) [1991]. The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science . JHU Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-8018-6458-2 .
Howard Quint, The Forging of American Socialism: Origins of the Modern Movement: The Impact of Socialism on American Thought and Action, 1886–1901. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1953; p. 74.
Alain-Claude Gicquel, Maupassant, tel un météore , Le Castor Astral, 1993, p. 12
Ahmadullah, Mufti (2016). Mashayekh-e-Chatgam . Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Banglabazar, Dhaka: Ahmad Publishers. pp. 29–68. ISBN 978-984-92106-4-1 .
Helen Darbishire (1964). Wordsworth . Longmans, Green & Company. p. 6.