This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some parts of the world, metro systems are referred to as subways, undergrounds, tubes, mass rapid transit (MRT), metrô or U-Bahn. As of 6March2024,[update] 201 cities in 62 countries have a metro system.
The London Underground first opened as an underground railway in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890,[1] making it the world's oldest metro system.[2] The Beijing Subway is the world's longest metro network at 815.2 kilometres (507mi) and the Shanghai Metro has the highest annual ridership at 2.83 billion trips.[3] The New York City Subway has the greatest number of stations. As of 2024,[update] the country with the most metro systems is China, with 54 in operation (excluding Hong Kong and Macao).
The International Association of Public Transport (L'Union Internationale des Transports Publics, or UITP) defines metro systems as urban passenger transport systems, "operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic".[4][5] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail are essentially synonymous with the term "metro".[6][7][8] Heavy rail systems are also specifically defined as an "electric railway".[6][7]
In contrast to commuter rail or light rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequencies and substantially higher passenger volume capacities. Most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead line.
The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use "metro" as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded "light rail" that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data.
Certain transit networks may match the service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are sometimes known as S-Bahn, suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included in this list. Neither are funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.
This list counts metros separately when multiple metros in one city or metropolitan area have separate owners or operating companies. This list expressly does not aim at representing the size and scope of the total rapid transit network of a certain city or metropolitan area. The data in this list should not be used to infer the size of a city's, region's, or country's urban rail transit systems, or to establish a ranking.
Countries shown in green have at least one operational metro system. Countries shown in yellow have at least one metro system under construction.
The most common English name of the metro system (including a link to the article for that system).
Year opened
Map of all the world's metro systemsThe year the metro system was opened for commercial service at metro standards. In other words, parts of the system may be older, but as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network, so the year that the system obtained metro standards (most notably electrification) is the one listed.
Year of last expansion
The last time the system length or number of stations in the metro system was expanded.
Stations
The number of stations in the metro network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
System length
The system length of a metro network is the sum of the lengths of all routes in the rail network in kilometers or miles. Each route is counted only once, regardless of how many lines pass over it, and regardless of whether it is single-track or multi-track, single carriageway or dual carriageway.
Ridership
The number of unique journeys on the metro system every year. There is a major discrepancy between the ridership figures: some metro systems count transferring between lines as multiple journeys, but others do not. Numbers may also be counted via different methods – faregates/turnstiles or light barriers at entrances or vehicle doors being the most common but far from the only ones.
This list is sortable. Click on the icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.Note: This list may not be fully representative, as yearly ridership numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic are shown for some systems, while others have numbers from previous years.
The following is a list of new worldwide metro systems that are currently actively under construction. In some cases it is not clear if the system will be considered a full metro system once it begins operational service. Only metro systems under construction are listed where there are no metro systems currently in operation in the same city.
Line A opened in stages between 1913 and 1914 by the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company. Line A services continued as above-ground tram services through an access ramp at Primera Junta Station. Subway-surface services into Line A ceased in 1926, with the line and its rolling stock transitioned into pure rapid transit operation by 1927.[12][13]
The number is 78 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 90 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
Vienna's Metropolitan Railway (Wiener Stadtbahn) first opened for service in 1898, operating steam locomotive trains on mostly elevated or underground ROWs. From 1976 onwards, part of it was integrated into the newly established Vienna U-Bahn system (lines U4 and U6), operating as a modern metro.
The number is 126 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 143 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
The Beijing Subway's first line began trial operations on 1 October 1969. It opened to revenue service under trial operations on 15 January 1971. Initially, only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets, but this restriction was removed on 27 December 1972. The subway line passed its final inspections and ended trial operations on 15 September 1981. During the trial operations period, annual ridership rose from 8.28 million in 1971 to 55.2 million in 1980. See the history section of the Beijing Subway for details and references.
The number of stations is 381 if the 80 (71 2-line, 9 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 470 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Both counts exclude the 20 stations of the Xijiao and Line T1 tram lines.[68]
There are 296 stations if the 51 (45 2-line, 6 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 353 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Excludes light rail line T2.
There are 256 stations if the 42 (36 2-line, 6 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 304 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
First line of Foshan Metro, the Guangfo Line, serves two cities – Foshan and Guangzhou. The Guangfo Line is operated by Guangzhou Metro and as such is included in Guangzhou's tally.
There are 265 stations if the 43 (40 2-line, 3 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 311 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
There are 254 stations if the 44 (40 2-line, 4 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 302 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
The first MTR route to offer metro service was the Modified Initial System in 1979, which consists of portions of the later Tsuen Wan Line and Kwun Tong Line. Though the eventual East Rail Line opened as a conventional railway in 1910, it did not offer metro service until at least in 1982 when it was electrified.
As of December2021,[update] the number of stations is 506 if the 82 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) (69 2-line, 11 3-line, and 2 4-line) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while there are 408 stations if they are combined; shared tracks/platforms on Lines 3 and 4 are anyway counted as a single stations (nine in all between Hongqiao Road and Baoshan Road).[120]
This figure excludes Pujiang line, Maglev line and Jinshan Railway, all of which often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
As of 28 December 2022, there are 373 stations if the 56 interchange stations (48 2-line, 6 3-line, 2 4-line) (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, while there are 307 stations if they are counted as one station.
There are 265 stations if the 35 (32 2-line, 3 3-line) interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. There are 303 stations if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
The Green Line (Line 1), operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. In 2011, it was integrated with Athens Metro under the company STASY S.A.[188]
The network consists of 256 stations if transfer stations are counted more than once. If transfer stations are counted only once, the result will be 231 stations. Ashok Park Main station, where the two diverging branches of Green Line share tracks/platforms, is anyway counted as a single station. Stations of Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted. If they were counted, then there would be 288 total stations.[211][212]
The lengths of the Noida Metro and Gurgaon Metro are not counted with the Delhi Metro. If they were counted, the total length of the three systems would be 392.448km (243.856mi).
The 43km (27mi) Line 1 of Karaj Metro (part of line 5 of Tehran metro) is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here. If Line 1 is included, there would be 10 stations.
There are 131 stations if interchange stations are counted once, and 146 stations if they are counted multiple times. The 67.5km (41.9mi) Line 5 of the Tehran Metro is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here – only metro Lines 1–4 and 6–7 are. If Line 5 is included, the total length of the system would be 292.1km (181.5mi), and there would be 142 unique stations, and 159 total stations.
As of July2023,[update] the number is 134 if the 9 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 113 if they are combined.[269][270]
As of October2018,[update] the number is 106 if the 7 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 99 if they are combined; Higashi-nihombashi station and Bakuro-yokoyama station, where an out-of-system transfer between Asakusa Line and Shinjuku Line is possible, are anyway counted as two stations.[291][292][293]
The Seoul Subway Lines 1-9 and Seoul Light Rapid Transit is actually operated by several different operators – Seoul Metro and Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation (SLM9), plus through-operation services from Korail – but because all of these lines are owned by the City Government of Seoul, here in the table they are counted together as one system.
Seoul's Metropolitan Subway system can also be viewed as a comprehensive metro network made up of multiple owned/operated metro systems. If viewed as such, the combined route length of Seoul's comprehensive metro-standards network would be 564.2km (350.6mi).
The number is 138 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one, or 149 if stations are counted multiple times for each line.
The number is 163 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one, or 195 if stations are counted multiple times for each line.[317]
Some sections of the Rotterdam Metro (portions of Lines A, B, E) have some level crossings (with priority) and so could therefore be considered "light rail" instead of "metro".
These systems have similarities to light rail systems, because of the existence of a few road level crossings, but are listed since they are almost entirely separated from roads.
The first underground portion was opened in 1928, but that was a tram line. One surface line has origins from 1898. System opened as a full Metro in 1966.
The number of stations is 233 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms in a single complex) are counted as one station, or 297 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
The number is 64 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 72 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
TMB-operated lines L1-L5 and L9-L11 only. FGC-operated lines L6-L8 share track with other FGC commuter lines, and thus do not qualify as metro-standards lines.
The first line, later known as Green Line, was opened by stages during the 1950s, partly converting to metro operations prior rapid tram alignments. These included the oldest tunnel, built in 1933, which name (Tunnelbana) and symbol were bequeathed to the new system.
As of January2020,[update] the number is 131 if the 12 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it's 119 if they are combined. Out-of-station transfers at Banqiao and Xinpu - Xinpu Minsheng, which require leaving paid area, are counted as 2 stations each; transfer stations that provide cross-platform interchange are anyway counted as a single stations (four in all: Ximen, CKS Memorial Hall, Guting and Dongmen stations).[370][371]
As of March2024,[update] the number is 158 if the 12 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 146 if they are combined.[387][388]
London's Metropolitan Railway first opened for service in 1863, operating steam locomotive trains in cut and cover tunnels. It began operating as a modern metro when electric-propulsion trains began operating on the system's first deep-level tube line in 1890.
Includes both MBTA's heavy and light rail lines, as the light rail utilizes the same tracks and system as the heavy rail. Does not include the Silver Line, as in actuality this is a bus route.
Heavy: Red Line, Orange Line, Blue Line
Light: Green Line
The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that had opened in 1897 as an underground streetcar tunnel (for the light railGreen Line).
Dated from the opening of the South Side Elevated on June 6, 1892. The "L" was first electrified in 1895 when the Metropolitan West Side Elevated opened. The entire system was unified and electrified in 1897 with the construction of the Union Loop.
This figure comes from the sum of the following figures from the accompanying reference (i.e. "Facts at a Glance". Chicago Transit Authority. December 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2013.): 35.8 miles of elevated route, 35.0 miles at grade level, 20.6 miles on embankments, and 11.4 miles of subway.
First regular elevated railway service, originally cable hauled, began in 1868. Elevateds converted to steam power in 1870, electrified by 1903. The first section of electrified subway opened in 1904.
The number is 423 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 472 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.[412]
The last completely new stations were the current Newark and Harrison stations, which respectively replaced the Park Place and Harrison stations on a different alignment in 1937. According to PATH, its newest station is World Trade Center, which was completed in 2015 but replaced a previous station on the same site.
Opening of the Bridge Line, the precursor rapid transit line to PATCO's, which ran between 8th Street in Philadelphia and Broadway in Camden. The current PATCO Speedline, with service through to Lindenwold, opened in 1969.[423]
This figure excludes the eBART extension from Pittsburg/Bay Point to Antioch (9.2 miles) and the "BART to Oakland International Airport (OAK) elevated guideway" (3.2 miles).
By the end of 2014, Caracas Metro had a length of 54.03 km and 47 stations;[430] further 1.3 km was added with the single-station extension to Bello Monte in the following year.[431]Los Teques Metro contributes to the system's total with 11.9 km in length and four stations.[432]
This patronage figure is derived from OPAL trips (i.e. a tap-on/tap-off pair of the same OPAL card, including isolated tap-on or tap-off), non-OPAL ridership, as the users of some concessional cards or integrated tickets for events, is excluded.
All American Public Transportation Association figures are derived from unlinked transit passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two passenger trips, transferring twice counts as three trips, etc.).
This ridership figure is the sum of the "Heavy Rail (HR)" and "Intermediate Rail (IR)" figures for Toronto from the APTA Ridership report – in other words, this figure includes ridership on the Line 3 Scarborough (RT) line which APTA considers to be "Intermediate Rail (IR)".
This ridership figure is the sum of the two "Μετρό" figures (Γ1 line, or "Ηλεκτρικός", formerly ran by IASA and Γ2 - Γ3 lines, formerly ran by AMEL) from the OAΣA's 2018 Activity Report.
Figure extrapolated from a sum of average daily ridership figures of lines 1 (3,54,610), 2A & 7 (1,80,726.37) over an year as mentioned in the cited reports
Compared to European or North American systems, Japanese rapid transit systems are generally neither thought of as metros nor as completely subterranean "subways" complicating whether only using the municipal subway statistic is accurate when comparing with other Metros around the world. As example Tokyo Metro and the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation's Toei Subway constitute only 22% of the 14.6 billion metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Tokyo (MLIT Yearly Statistics). In addition, when one considers intracity lines of JR East and private railway companies, Greater Tokyo (130 lines) has higher daily ridership than any other metropolitan area in the world with 14.6 billion passengers annually. The Osaka Municipal Subway also has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Osaka, constituting only 17.6% of Greater Osaka's 4.745 billion rail passengers annually in 2010. Including the municipal subway systems in both Kobe and Kyoto, the result still only comprises 22% of all rail travel in the Greater Osaka area with 1065.8 million passengers yearly (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For Greater Nagoya, the Nagoya Municipal Subway has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Nagoya constituting only 38% of Greater Nagoya's 1.095 billion rail passengers annually in 2010 (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan with ridership statistics, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
This figure counts only gate-passers, so it only includes Seoul Metro and Seoul Subway Line 9 riders. Other lines that function as separate systems within the greater Seoul urban rail network are excluded.
Ridership is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, transferring between three lines counts as three trips, etc.).
This ridership figure is the sum of the total annual trips (수송인원, boarding and transfer passengers) on the two sections (Phase 1 and Phase 2) of the line, from the accompanying reference.
This figure is the sum of the passenger ridership on the two LRTA lines, L1 and L2, from the accompanying reference; it is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, etc.).
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官宣！洛阳地铁1号线3月28日开通 中西部非省会城市第一个[Official announcement! Luoyang Metro Line 1 opens on March 28, the first non-capital city in Midwestern China]. Luoyang Daily (in Chinese). 26 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
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"14号线、18号线一期北段12月30日起开通初期运营 申城轨道交通网831公里、5条全自动线 规模世界第一"[Shanghai Metro Line 14 & Line 18 Phrase I north part to enter service on 30 December with the network extends to 831 kilometers and five GoA4 lines as the world's largest metro system]. shmetro.com (in Chinese). 28 December 2021. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
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"Relatório Integrado 2022"[Integrated Report 2022](PDF) (in Portuguese). Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. – TRENSURB. 31 May 2023. p.26. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
"RELATÓRIO DE AMINISTRAÇÃO 2020"[Management Report 2020](PDF) (in Portuguese). Concessão Metroviária do Rio de Janeiro S.A. 29 March 2021. p.12. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
"Memoria Anual 2022"[2022 Annual Report](PDF) (in Spanish). Metro de Santiago – Empresa de Transporte de Pasajeros Metro S.A. 28 August 2023. p.156. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
"城市轨道交通2023年度统计和分析报告"[Urban Rail Transit Statistics and Analytics Report 2023](PDF). 中国城市轨道交通协会 (in Chinese). Archived(PDF) from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
"Výroční Zpráva 2023"[Annual Report 2023](PDF) (in Czech). Prague: Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy (DPP). April 2024. p.14. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
"MVG in figures". Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG). 17 May 2022. p.2. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
Έκθεση Πεπραγμένων 2018[2018 Activity Report](PDF) (in Greek). OAΣA - Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Αθηνών [Athens Urban Transport Organisation]. p.20. Archived from the original(PDF) on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
令和２年度 地下鉄事業の現況[FY2020 Current status of subway business](PDF). Chikatetsu Jigyo No Genkyo (in Japanese). 一般社団法人 日本地下鉄協会 [Japan Subway Association]. October 2020. ISSN2188-0786. Retrieved 30 October 2020.[permanent dead link]
交通局の予算・決算について[About accounting and budget of Transportation Bureau] (in Japanese). 大阪市営交通局 [Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Annual ridership figure is calculated from the 2378229 passenger daily average quoted for metro lines (高速鉄道) only.
令和元年度決算の概要[Summary of FY2019 financial results](PDF). www.twr.co.jp (in Japanese). Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit .Inc. 12 June 2020. p.1. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
Annual ridership figure is calculated from the 259468 passenger daily average quoted.
2019 Statistical Yearbook of Railroad (Report) (in Korean). Vol.II 지역간철도 [Urban railway] (57ed.). Korea Railroad corp. (KORAIL). 31 August 2020. pp.534–535. Archived from the original(PDF) on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
"Prasarana's Ridership". Prasarana Malaysia Berhad. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
This ridership figure is the sum of those quoted for the rapid transit lines
"2019 Annual Report"(PDF). www.lrta.gov.ph. Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA). August 2020. p.43. Archived from the original(PDF) on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
"Metro em números"[Metro in numbers] (in Portuguese). Metropolitano de Lisboa E.P.E. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
Yilmaz, Murat (7 January 2024). "2023'te toplu taşıma"[Public transport in 2023]. Ankara Haberleri [Ankara News]. Hürriyet (in Turkish). Demirören Group. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
"İzmir'de metro ve tramvay 2019'da 140 milyon yolcu taşıdı"[Metro and tram in İzmir carried 140 million passengers in 2019]. www.izmir.bel.tr (in Turkish). İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi [İzmir Metropolitan Municipality]. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту[Number of passengers carried by transport mode](PDF). www.dneprstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту[Number of passengers carried by transport mode]. kh.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2021. (You can select English from the language dropdown)
Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту[Number of passengers carried by transport mode]. kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
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