June 11, 1913: Ottoman Grand Vizier Shefket Pasha assassinated in drive-by shootingJune 8, 1913: British suffragette leader Emily Davison killed in Epsom Derby accidentJune 7, 1913: Four-man team becomes first to climb to the top of North America's highest mountainJune 12, 1913: New bridge transforms Miami, Florida, into world-famous tourist attraction
After U.S. President Woodrow Wilson warned the public about the money being spent by lobbyists to fight tariff reform, the United States Senate ordered its Judiciary Committee to prepare a report with "the names of all lobbyists attempting to influence such pending legislation and the methods that they have employed to accomplish their ends."[This quote needs a citation] Over the next six days, the 96 Senators were required to appear before a special subcommittee and to state, under oath, whether they had a financial interest in the outcome of any pending bills.[2]
The last known specimen of the Canary Islands oystercatcher (Haematopus meadewaldoi) was caught, then released, by British ornithologist David Armitage Bannerman. Possible sightings were reported as late as the 1960s, but the bird is considered extinct.[8]
Russian composer Igor Stravinsky and his wife Yekaterina ate oysters for dinner, and then fell ill with typhus and were incapacitated for more than a month.[11]
Suffragette Emily Davison was fatally injured when she ran in front of Anmer, the racehorse owned by King George, in the running of the Epsom Derby. Davison came from out of the stands, ducked under a railing and past police, and ran out in front of the horse, who was in last place. Herbert Jones, who was riding Anmer, was thrown and knocked unconscious for two hours, while Davison was trampled by the horse and never woke up.[13] She died four days later.[14]
The Epsom Derby was won by Aboyeur, who had 100 to 1 odds against him and had finished in second place behind the favorite, Cragonour. After Cragonour was announced as the winner, an objection was raised by race stewards, because American jockey Johnnie Reiff had bumped other horses on the way to the finish.[15]
In Chicago, world heavyweight boxing champion Jack Johnson was sentenced to one year and one day in prison at Joliet, Illinois, after being found guilty of violating the Mann Act. He was also given two weeks to seek a reconsideration.[18]
Prince Albert Frederick George, the 17-year-old son of King George V, and the future King George VI, made his first visit to the United States, crossing the border from Canada into Niagara Falls, New York. Prince Albert, who was in Canada with 60 cadets from HMS Cumberland, was not immediately recognized in the crowd, but told reporters later that "This is my first trip to the continent and the first time I have stood under the Stars and Stripes on American soil."[26]
Archdeacon Hudson Stuck and a team of mountaineers (Harry Karstens, Robert Tatum and Walter Harper) became the first persons to reach the top of North America's highest mountain, the 20,310 feet (6,190m) high Mount McKinley (now Denali) in Alaska. Harper, born in Alaska and son of an Athabaskan mother, was the first of the group to reach the summit. The feat was reported on June 20.[29]
The world's largest swimming pool, as wide as a city block (400 feet, 120m) and twice as long (600 feet, 180m), opened at Palisades Amusement Park in New Jersey. The pool, made of cement, was constructed by park owners and brothers Nicholas and Joseph M. Schenck.[31]
The Supreme Court of the United States upheld the constitutionality of the law requiring newspapers to publish statements of circulation and ownership, and to mark advertising plainly.[10]
Turkish Grand Vizier Mahmud Shevket Pasha was assassinated in Istanbul. Shefket Pasha was being driven from the Ministry of War in a car, when another car pulled alongside him and ten shots were fired. Said Halim Pasha, the Foreign Minister, was appointed as his successor.[39] Twelve "real or alleged plotters" were arrested, and hanged on June 24.[40]
Spanish gunboat Cañonero General Concha ran aground due to dense fog in hostile Moroccan territory near Alhucemas, Spanish Morocco where they were set upon by Kabyle rebels. The crew of 53 held off the rebels for 15 hours before they were rescued by the Spanish Navy, afterwards the boat was shelled and sunk. In the wreck and ensuing fight, the crew suffered 16 dead, 17 injured and 11 taken prisoner.[43]
A record of 36 hours underwater was set by the Cage, a submarine invented by John Milton Cage Sr., who had taken the boat down at 5:00 am the day prior, along with five other men.[44]
The German ocean liner SSImperator, largest in the world at the time, was launched from Hamburg.[45]
Even as both nations were preparing to go to war with each other, Serbia and Bulgaria agreed to Russian arbitration of their dispute over the territories captured during the First Balkan War.[47]
Billed as "the longest wooden bridge in the world," the 2.5 mile long Collins Bridge opened, turning the small town of Miami, Florida (1910 population 5,471) into a premier resort area by making Miami Beach more accessible to tourists. Previously, the beach could only be reached from the mainland by ferry boat and was impractical as an investment.[49]
John Randolph Bray, an American animator, premiered the innovative cartoon The Artist's Dream, which an author would later say was "the forerunner of the cartoon vogue" as the first popular animated film.[50]
The United States Senate Committee on Woman Suffrage reported favorably on a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution providing that the right to vote shall not be denied because of gender.[51]
The U.S. government successfully broke up the monopoly held by gunpowder manufacturer E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. The corporation was split into three competing companies, DuPont (which would diversify into chemical manufacturing), Hercules Powder Company and Atlas Powder Company.[52] On the same day, the DuPont Cellophane Company, of which DuPont had 52% ownership of, was formed in partnership with a French consortium for the American manufacturing of transparent cellophane sheets.[53]
Eleven construction workers for the Bradley Contracting Company were killed in the cave-in of new subways underneath Fifty-sixth Street in New York City.[59]
The German battlecruiserDerfflinger, first of its class and the most powerful German battleship up to that time, was launched. Moments after it was christened by the wife of General August von Mackensen, the ship moved only fifteen inches down the skids before it came to a halt, jammed because of a defect in one of the sledges.[60][pageneeded]
The South African government passed the Immigration Act, which restricted the immigration of people from India.[61][pageneeded]
The funeral procession for Emily Davison, an English suffragette who was trampled by a horse while protesting at the Epsom Derby on the 4th of June 1913, was held. Thousands of suffragettes marched from Buckingham Palace Road to St George's Church where Miss Davison's body was laid to rest.[62]
Driven out by shelling from American and Philippine troops during the Battle of Bud Bagsak, the 500 Moro defenders made a charge against the firepower of the Pershing contingent's artillery, and were killed. Pershing's troops sustained 27 casualties.[65] The uneven battle brought an end to the Moro resistance with the deaths of 2,000 Moro defenders, including women and children, as well as the death of 340 American troops.[66]
Kaiser Wilhelm celebrated the 25th anniversary of his ascension to the throne in 1888. "Twenty-five years of peace," the Kaiser told American industrialist and peace delegate Andrew Carnegie, "and I hope there will be twenty-five more."[42]The German Empire would enter World War I less than fourteen months later. Half a million people lined the streets of Berlin to cheer the Kaiser and the Kaiserin. The Kaiser proclaimed an amnesty for "those whose misdeeds were committed through poverty or while in a state of irresponsibility," and for Army and Navy men punished for most violations of regulations.[69]
Governor-General Charles Lutaud abolished the requirement for natives to obtain travel permits within French Algeria, or from Algeria to mainland France.[75]
John Ernest Williamson, whose father had invented a transparent diving bell called the "photosphere," became the first person to take photographs from beneath the ocean surface, by taking a camera with him and snapping pictures while underwater inside the bell.[77]
The Hamburg-American ocean liner Imperator, the largest ship in the world, arrived safely in New York on its maiden transatlantic voyage.[78]
The Parliament of South Africa passed the Natives Land Act, defining which areas could be owned by white South Africans, and which by black South Africans. Black South Africans were barred from purchasing or owning white persons' property.[79][80][pageneeded]
Italian occupation forces fought a fierce battle against the Arab residents of Ettangi, Tripolitania. Libya.[82]
The Army's Auxiliary Aerial Militia Squadron, precursor to the Mexican Air Force, was established.[83]
French pilot Maurice Prévost set a new airplane speed record, averaging 117 miles per hour in a flight of over 217 miles, in a circular course near Paris.[84]
Georgia Thompson "Tiny" Broadwick became the first woman to parachute from an airplane, jumping from a plane piloted by aviator Glenn L. Martin over Los Angeles. Broadwick had volunteered to test Martin's invention of a "trap seat" that would allow people to bail out of an airplane more quickly.[91][92]
Serbia's Prime Minister Nikola Pašić and his cabinet resigned because of the nation's lack of progress in negotiating with Bulgaria, after which the Serbian minister left Sofia. Pašić formed a new government when the Second Balkan War broke out days later.[42]
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson addressed a joint session of Congress on his support of the McAdoo-Owen-Glass Banking Bill, and the need to create a federal reserve system for banking.[94] The legislation would pass at the end of the year as the Federal Reserve Act.[95]
The predecessor of the Aldi store chain was opened by Anna Siepmann (later Anna Albrecht) in Schonnebeck, a suburb of Essen in Germany. In the 1920s, after marrying a coal miner, she would give birth to two sons, Karl and Theo Albrecht, who would, on July 10, 1946, create the discount grocery store called Albrecht Diskont, before using the first two syllables to coin the name (in 1962) to Aldi.[96]
The Washington Senators hosted the Philadelphia Athletics for a baseball doubleheader, and batted first in the second game at Washington, D.C., a departure from the rule that the visitors start off the game at bat. The Athletics won 10–3. The oddity would not happen again for 94 years, until September 26, 2007, in Washington state, when the Seattle Mariners hosted the Cleveland Indians and batted first, in a game which Cleveland would win 12–4.[103]
Died: Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 61, British noble referred to as the "largest landowner in Europe except the Czar," with 1,385,000 acres of land, or more than 2,100 square miles (b. 1851)[105]
Lawrence bathhouse tragedy – Eleven boys in Lawrence, Massachusetts drowned when the pier they were on that led to a floating bathhouse in the Merrimack River suddenly collapsed. About forty young men were stomping their feet while waiting for the doors to open, causing the pier to break apart.[118]
Andrews, Dr Michael (May 2001). Peascod, Michael (ed.). "The Harrington and Lowca Light Railway". Cumbrian Railways. 7 (2). Pinner: Cumbrian Railways Association: 20. ISSN1466-6812.
Campbell, John (1987). "Germany 1906–1922". In Sturton, Ian (ed.). Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the Present. London: Conway Maritime Press. p.36. ISBN978-0-85177-448-0.
Erik Satie, autobiographical blurb for publisher E. Demets' Bulletin des Editions musicales, December 1913. Quoted in Nigel Wilkins, "The Writings of Erik Satie", Eulenburg Books, London, 1980, p. 79
Theisen, Earl (September 1933). "The History of the Animated Cartoon". Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers. doi:10.5594/J07473. Reprinted in A Technological History of Motion Pictures and Television (University of California Press, 1967) p. 85.
Taber, Thomas T., III (1987). Railroads of Pennsylvania Encyclopedia and Atlas. Thomas T. Taber III. p.402. ISBN0-9603398-5-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gamboa, Coylee (2011). Led by the Spirit, SSpS Philippines: A Journey of a Hundred Years 1912-2012. Quezon City, Philippines: SSpS Rosary Province. p.40.
Palonen, Kari; et al. The Ashgate Research Companion to the Politics of Democratization in Europe: Concepts and Histories. Ashgate Publishing. 2008. p.240.
Hadaway, W. S., & Huguenot and Historical Association of New Rochelle, N.Y. (1936). Through Fifty Years: An Account of the Founding and Development of the Huguenot and Historical Association of New Rochelle. New Rochelle, N.Y: The Association.
Wah, Malvyne Jong; Page, Jeffrey E., eds. (November 2007). New South Wales Parliamentary Record 1824 – 2007(PDF). Vol.VIII. Parliament of New South Wales. pp.263–264. Archived from the original(PDF) on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
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