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Flat horse race in Britain From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Derby Stakes, also known as the Derby or the Epsom Derby, is a Group 1 flat horse race in England open to three-year-old colts and fillies. It is run at Epsom Downs Racecourse in Surrey on the first Saturday of June each year, over a distance of one mile, four furlongs and 10 yards (2,423 metres), or about 1½ miles.[1] It was first run in 1780.
| Group 1 race | |
 | |
| Location | Epsom Downs Epsom, Surrey, England |
|---|---|
| Inaugurated | 1780 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Sponsor | Betfred |
| Website | Epsom Derby |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1m 4f 6y (2,419m), or about 1½ miles |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Left-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-olds excluding geldings |
| Weight | 9 st 0 lb Allowances 3 lb for fillies |
| Purse | £1,604,000 (2022) 1st: £909,628 |
It is Britain's richest flat horse race, and the most prestigious of the five Classics. It is sometimes referred to as the "Blue Riband" of the turf. The race serves as the middle leg of the historically significant Triple Crown of British horse racing, preceded by the 2000 Guineas and followed by the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted in the modern era due to changing priorities in racing and breeding, and the demands it places on horses.
The name "Derby" (deriving from the sponsorship of the Earl of Derby) has been borrowed many times, notably by the Kentucky Derby in the United States, and to describe many other key racing and sporting events. The term "Epsom Derby" is often used in the United States and elsewhere, in order to differentiate The Derby from other races such as the Irish Derby or German Derby.[2] The Derby run at Epsom is usually referred to as "the Derby" in Great Britain. It is one of Britain's great national sporting events[3] and has a large worldwide TV audience.[4]
The Stanley family, Earls of Derby, had a long history of horse-racing, and James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, who gained the Lordship of Mann in 1627, instituted horse-racing on the Langness Peninsula on the Isle of Man, donating a cup for what became known as the "Manx Derby".[5]
The Derby originated at a celebration following the first running of the Oaks Stakes in 1779. A new race was planned, and it was decided that it should be named after either the host of the party, the 12th Earl of Derby, or one of his guests, Sir Charles Bunbury (the Bunbury Cup run at Newmarket would later be named in his honour). According to legend the decision was made by the toss of a coin, but it is probable that Bunbury, the Steward of the Jockey Club, deferred to his host.[6] The inaugural running of the Derby was held on Thursday 4 May 1780. It was won by Diomed, a colt owned by Sir Charles Bunbury, who collected prize money of £1,065 15s. The first four runnings were contested over the last mile of the old Orbicular course <49>, this extended in line with the Oaks to the current distance of 1½ miles in 1784. Lord Derby achieved his first success in the event in 1787, with a horse called Sir Peter Teazle.
The starting point of the race was moved twice during the 19th century. The first move, suggested by Lord George Bentinck, was in 1848, and the second was in 1872. It was discovered in 1991 that the exact length of the race was one mile, four furlongs and 10 yards.[7]
Initially, the Derby was run on a Thursday in late May or early June, depending on when Easter occurred. In 1838 the race was moved to a Wednesday to fit in with the railways' timetables, but still followed the moveable feast of Easter. In the 20th century, the race was run mainly on a Wednesday in late May or early June until 1994, after which it was changed to a Saturday in early June.[8] From 1915 to 1918 (during World War I), it was on a Tuesday, with the race's latest ever date being 31 July 1917.[9] From 1942 to 1945 (during World War II), 1947 to 1950, and in 1953, the race was run on a Saturday.[7] From 1969 to 1994, it was on the first Wednesday in June. From 2003 to at least 2022, it has been on the first Saturday in June, apart from a race on 4 July 2020 without spectators, owing to COVID-19.
The Derby has been run at Epsom in all years except during the world wars; from 1915 to 1918 and from 1940 to 1945, the Derby was run at Newmarket as the 'New Derby'.
With the race's close association with gambling, the most controversial running of the Epsom Derby took place in 1844. The winner, Running Rein, was disqualified on discovery that a four-year-old imposter, a horse by the name Maccabeus, had been substituted in his place as part of a betting coup.[10]
The Derby has inspired many similar events around the world. European variations include the Derby Italiano, the Deutsches Derby, the Irish Derby and the Prix du Jockey Club (popularly known in the British Isles as the "French Derby"). Several races in the United States include the "Derby" name, including the oldest, the Kentucky Derby. Other national equivalents include the Australian Derby, the New Zealand Derby, and the Japanese Derby.
In 1931, the Derby became the world's first outdoor sporting event to be televised.[11]
There is a maximum of 20 runners allowed in the race.[12]
Since the 1993 edition, The Derby has introduced yearling entry. The system were canceled from 2024 edition and 2022 during COVID-19 pandemic.[13]
For many years the Derby was run on a Wednesday or a Thursday and on the day huge crowds would come from London, not only to see the race but to enjoy other entertainment (during some of the 19th century and most of the 20th, Parliament would adjourn to allow members to attend the meeting).[14][15][16]
By the time that Charles Dickens visited Epsom Downs to view the race in the 1850s, entertainers such as musicians, clowns, and conjurers plied their trades and entertained the crowds; other forms of entertainment included coconut stalls.[17] The crowded meeting was the subject of a painting by William Powell Frith painted in the 1858 and titled The Derby Day; critics have noted that the foreground of the painting features the entertainment attractions, while the racing is relegated to the margins.[18]
In the 1870s, the steam-driven rides were introduced. They were located at the Tattenham Corner end of the grounds and the fair was on for ten days and entertained hundreds of thousands.[17] During the latter half of the 20th century, Derby Day became less popular and the race was moved from Wednesday to Saturday in 1995 with the hope of reviving high attendance.[14] As the number of people attending the fair dwindled in the face of competition for attention and changing tastes, its length was reduced from 10 days to three or four.[17]
Today, the free-admission Hill still provides a festival atmosphere with a fairground in operation on the Friday and Saturday.[19] The walk-in nature of the Hill typically sees Derby attendances exceed 100,000 spectators, making it one of the largest sporting events in the United Kingdom.[20]
In 2021 and 2022 the race, along with seven other races at the Derby festival, was sponsored by Cazoo.[21] Cazoo declined an option to extend their sponsorship[22] and in April 2023 the bookmaker Betfred agreed a three-year deal to sponsor the Derby and Oaks.[23]
Investec was the previous sponsor of the Derby between 2009 and 2020. The race was previously backed by Ever Ready (1984–94) and Vodafone (1995–2008).[24]
| 2024 | ||
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| City Of Troy | Ambiente Friendly | Los Angeles |
| Previous years | ||
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| 2023 | ||
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| Auguste Rodin | King Of Steel | White Birch |
| 2022 | ||
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| Desert Crown | Hoo Ya Mal | Westover |
| 2021 | ||
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| Adayar | Mojo Star | Hurricane Lane |
| 2020-2011 | ||
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| 2020 | ||
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| Serpentine | Khalifa Sat | Amhran Na Bhfiann |
| 2019 | ||
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| Anthony Van Dyck | Madhmoon | Japan |
| 2018 | ||
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| Masar | Dee Ex Bee | Roaring Lion |
| 2017 | ||
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| Wings of Eagles | Cliffs of Moher | Cracksman |
| 2016 | ||
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| Harzand | US Army Ranger | Idaho |
| 2015 | ||
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| Golden Horn | Jack Hobbs | Storm The Stars |
| 2014 | ||
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| Australia | Kingston Hill | Romsdal |
| 2013 | ||
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| Ruler Of The World | Libertarian | Galileo Rock |
| 2012 | ||
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| Camelot | Main Sequence | Astrology |
| 2011 | ||
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| Pour Moi | Treasure Beach | Carlton House |
| 2010-2001 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | ||
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| Workforce | At First Sight | Rewilding |
| 2009 | ||
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| Sea The Stars | Fame And Glory | Masterofthehorse |
| 2008 | ||
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| New Approach | Tartan Bearer | Casual Conquest |
| 2007 | ||
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| Authorized | Eagle Mountain | Aqaleem |
| 2006 | ||
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| Sir Percy | Dragon Dancer | Dylan Thomas |
| 2005 | ||
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| Motivator | Walk in the Park | Dubawi |
| 2004 | ||
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| North Light | Rule of Law | Let The Lion Roar |
| 2003 | ||
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| Kris Kin | The Great Gatsby | Alamshar |
| 2002 | ||
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| High Chaparral | Hawk Wing | Moon Ballad |
| 2001 | ||
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| Galileo | Golan | Tobougg |
| 2000-1991 | ||
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| 2000 | ||
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| Sinndar | Sakhee | Beat Hollow |
| 1999 | ||
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| Oath | Daliapour | Beat All |
| 1998 | ||
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| High-Rise | City Honours | Border Arrow |
| 1997 | ||
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| Benny The Dip | Silver Patriarch | Romanov |
| 1996 | ||
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| Shaamit | Dushyantor | Shantou |
| 1995 | ||
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| Lammtarra | Tamure | Presenting |
| 1994 | ||
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| Erhaab | King's Theatre | Colonel Collins |
| 1993 | ||
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| Commander In Chief | Blue Judge | Blues Traveller |
| 1992 | ||
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| Dr Devious | St Jovite | Silver Wisp |
| 1991 | ||
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| Generous | Marju | Star Of Gdansk |
| 1990-1981 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | ||
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| Quest For Fame | Blue Stag | Elmaamul |
| 1989 | ||
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| Nashwan | Terimon | Cacoethes |
| 1988 | ||
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| Kahyasi | Glacial Storm | Doyoun |
| 1987 | ||
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| Reference Point | Most Welcome | Bellotto |
| 1986 | ||
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| Shahrastani | Dancing Brave | Mashkour |
| 1985 | ||
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| Slip Anchor | Law Society | Damister |
| 1984 | ||
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| Secreto | El Gran Senor | Mighty Flutter |
| 1983 | ||
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| Teenoso | Carlingford Castle | Shearwalk |
| 1982 | ||
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| Golden Fleece | Touching Wood | Silver Hawk |
| 1981 | ||
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| Shergar | Glint of Gold | Scintillating Air |
| 1980-1971 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | ||
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| Henbit | Master Willie | Rankin |
| 1979 | ||
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| Troy | Dickens Hill | Northern Baby |
| 1978 | ||
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| Shirley Heights | Hawaiian Sound | Remainder Man |
| 1977 | ||
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| The Minstrel | Hot Grove | Blushing Groom |
| 1976 | ||
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| Empery | Relkino | Oats |
| 1975 | ||
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| Grundy | Nobiliary | Hunza Dancer |
| 1974 | ||
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| Snow Knight | Imperial Prince | Giacometti |
| 1973 | ||
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| Morston | Cavo Doro | Freefoot |
| 1972 | ||
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| Roberto | Rheingold | Pentland Firth |
| 1971 | ||
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| Mill Reef | Linden Tree | Irish Ball |
| 1970-1961 | ||
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| 1970 | ||
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| Nijinsky | Gyr | Stintino |
| 1969 | ||
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| Blakeney | Shoemaker | Prince Regent |
| 1968 | ||
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| Sir Ivor | Connaught | Mount Athos |
| 1967 | ||
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| Royal Palace | Ribocco | Dart Board |
| 1966 | ||
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| Charlottown | Pretendre | Black Prince II |
| 1965 | ||
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| Sea Bird | Meadow Court | I Say |
| 1964 | ||
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| Santa Claus | Indiana | Dilettante |
| 1963 | ||
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| Relko | Merchant Venturer | Ragusa |
| 1962 | ||
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| Larkspur | Arcor | Le Cantilien |
| 1961 | ||
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| Psidium | Dicta Drake | Pardao |
| 1960-1951 | ||
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| 1960 | ||
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| St Paddy | Alcaeus | Kythnos |
| 1959 | ||
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| Parthia | Fidalgo | Shantung |
| 1958 | ||
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| Hard Ridden | Paddy's Point | Nagami |
| 1957 | ||
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| Crepello | Ballymoss | Pipe of Peace |
| 1956 | ||
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| Lavandin | Montaval | Roistar |
| 1955 | ||
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| Phil Drake | Panaslipper | Acropolis |
| 1954 | ||
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| Never Say Die | Arabian Night | Darius |
| 1953 | ||
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| Pinza | Aureole | Pink Horse |
| 1952 | ||
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| Tulyar | Gay Time | Faubourg |
| 1951 | ||
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| Arctic Prince | Sybil's Nephew | Signal Box |
| 1950-1946 | ||
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| 1950 | ||
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| Galcador | Prince Simon | Double Eclipse |
| 1949 | ||
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| Nimbus | Amour Drake | Swallow Tail |
| 1948 | ||
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| My Love | Royal Drake | Noor |
| 1947 | ||
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| Pearl Diver | Migoli | Sayajirao |
| 1946 | ||
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| Airborne | Gulf Stream | Radiotherapy |
Winning distances are shown in lengths or shorter (dh = dead-heat; shd = short-head; hd = head; snk = short-neck; nk = neck).
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