1831 (MDCCCXXXI ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar , the 1831st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 831st year of the 2nd millennium , the 31st year of the 19th century , and the 2nd year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1831, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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July 21 : Coronation of Leopold I of Belgium
October– December
October 9 – Ioannis Kapodistrias , Greek head of state and founder of Greek independence , is assassinated in Nafplion .
October 21 – The November Uprising ends in the defeat of Polish forces.
October 28 – Michael Faraday constructs an early form of dynamo .[4]
October 29 – The 1831 Bristol riots ("Queen Square riots") in Bristol (England) begin, in connection with the Great Reform Bill controversy. Quelled by the authorities and the military on October 31, 100 city centre properties are destroyed, at least 120 are estimated to have been killed, 31 of the rioters will be sentenced to death and a colonel facing court-martial for failure to control the riot commits suicide.
October 30 – In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.
November 7 – Slave trading is forbidden in Brazil .
November 17 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia .
November 22 – First Canut Revolt : After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 casualties, rebellious silk workers seize Lyon , France.
December 26 – Global financial services business Assicurazioni Generali is founded in Trieste (at this time in the Austrian Empire ) as Imperial Regia Privilegiata Compagnia di Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche .[5]
December 27
December 31 – Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.
January– June
Myra Bradwell
James Clerk Maxwell
January 3 – Savitribai Jyotirao Phule , Indian social reformer, poet (d. 1897 )
January 7 – Heinrich von Stephan , German postal union organizer (d. 1897 )
January 11 – Pope Cyril V of Alexandria (d. 1927 )
January 26 – Heinrich Anton de Bary , German botanist, mycologist (d. 1888 )
February 12 – Myra Bradwell , American lawyer, political activist (d. 1894 )
February 24 – Leo von Caprivi , Chancellor of Germany (d. 1899 )
March 3
March 6 – Philip Sheridan , American general (d. 1888 )
March 12 – Clement Studebaker , American automobile pioneer (d. 1901 )
March 15 – Mariano Álvarez , Filipino general (d. 1924)
March 16 – Elise Hwasser , Swedish actress (d. 1894 )
April 3 – Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg , Queen consort of Portugal (d. 1909 )[7]
April 6 – Nire Kagenori , Japanese admiral (d. 1900 )
April 19 – Mary Louise Booth , American writer, editor and translator (d. 1889 )
May 7 – Richard Norman Shaw , British architect (d. 1912 )
June 1 – John Bell Hood , American Confederate general (d. 1879 )
June 2 – Jan Gerard Palm , Curaçao-born composer (d. 1906 )
June 7 – Amelia Edwards , English journalist and author (d. 1892 )[8]
June 13 – James Clerk Maxwell , Scottish physicist (d. 1879 )
June 28 – Joseph Joachim , Austrian violinist (d. 1907 )
July– December
John Pemberton
Xianfeng Emperor
Emperor Kōmei
Lucy Hayes
July 8 – John Pemberton , American inventor of Coca-Cola (d. 1888 )
July 9 – Wilhelm His Sr. , Swiss anatomist (d. 1904 )
July 17 – Xianfeng Emperor of China (d. 1861 )
July 22 – Emperor Kōmei of Japan (d. 1867 )
August 12 – Helena Blavatsky , Russian-born author, theosophist (d. 1891 )
August 16 – Ebenezer Cobb Morley , English sportsman and the father of modern football (d. 1924 )
August 20 – Eduard Suess , Austrian geologist (d. 1914 )
August 28 – Lucy Webb Hayes , First Lady of the United States (d. 1889 )
September 3 – States Rights Gist , Confederate Brigadier General in the American Civil War (d. 1864 )
September 8 – Wilhelm Raabe , German novelist (d. 1910 )
September 18 – Siegfried Marcus , German-born automobile pioneer (d. 1898 )
September 20 – Kate Harrington , American teacher, writer and poet (d. 1917 )
September 29 – John Schofield , American general (d. 1906 )
October 6 – Richard Dedekind , German mathematician (d. 1916 )
October 14 – Samuel W. Johnson , English railway mechanical engineer (d. 1912 )
October 16 – Lucy Stanton , American abolitionist (d. 1910 )
October 18 – Frederick III, German Emperor (d. 1888 )
October 29 – Othniel Charles Marsh , American paleontologist (d. 1899 )
October 31
November 1 – Harry Atkinson , 10th Premier of New Zealand (d. 1892 )
November 5 – Anna Leonowens , Anglo-Indian educator (Anna of The King and I ) (d. 1915 )
November 7 – Mélanie Calvat , French Roman Catholic nun, Marian Visionary, canonized (d. 1904 )
November 19 – James A. Garfield , 20th President of the United States (d. 1881 )
December 1 – Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil , daughter of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (d. 1853 )
December 14 – Arsenio Martínez Campos , Spanish general, revolutionary and prime minister (d. 1900 )
December 19 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop , Hawaiian aliʻi (d. 1884 )
Date unknown
Richard Hawksworth Barnes , English coffee grower, naturalist and meteorologist (d. 1904 )
Jacob W. Davis , (b. Jacob Youphes), Latvian-born American tailor, inventor of jeans (d. 1908 )
Sotirios Sotiropoulos , Greek economist, politician (d. 1898 )
Eugenia Kisimova , Bulgarian feminist, philanthropist, women's rights activist (d. 1885 )
January– June
Ludwig Achim von Arnim
January 8 – Franz Krommer , Czech composer (b. 1759 )
January 21 – Ludwig Achim von Arnim , German poet (b. 1781 )
February 2 – Vincenzo Dimech , Maltese sculptor (b. 1768 )
February 14
February 17 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1785 )
March 9 – Friedrich Maximilian Klinger , German writer (b. 1752 )
April 5 – Dmitry Senyavin , Russian admiral (b. 1763 )
April 20 – John Abernethy , English surgeon (b. 1764 )
April 21 – Thursday October Christian I , Pitcairn Islander and son of Fletcher Christian (b. 1790 )
April 27 – Charles Felix of Sardinia , King of Sardinia (b. 1765 )
April 30 – Collet Barker , British military officer, explorer (b. 1784 )
May 17 – Nathaniel Rochester , American politician (b. 1752 )
June 5 – Tarenorerer , indigenous Australian Tasman freedom fighter (b. 1800 )
Robert Fullerton
July– December
Georg Hegel
Hannah Adams
July 4 – James Monroe , 73, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758 )
July 16 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron , Russian general (b. 1763 )
July 20 – Jacques Defermon des Chapelières , French politician (b. 1752 )
August 5 – Sébastien Érard , German-born French instrument maker (b. 1752 )
August 24 – August von Gneisenau , Prussian field marshal (b. 1760 )
September 28 – Philippine Engelhard , German writer, scholar (b. 1756 )
November 6 – Hilchen Sommerschild , Norwegian educator (b. 1756 )
November 11 – Nat Turner , American slave rebel (b. 1800 )
November 14 – Georg Hegel , German philosopher (b. 1770 )
November 16 – Carl von Clausewitz , German military strategist (b. 1780 )
November 19 – Titumir , Bengali revolutionary (b. 1782 )[9]
November 21 – Marie Anne Simonis , Belgian textile industrialist (b. 1758 )
December 15 – Hannah Adams , American author (b. 1755 )
December 18 – Willem Bilderdijk , Dutch author (b. 1756 )
December 23 – Emilia Plater , Polish heroine (b. 1806 )
December 26
Drainville, Andre C. (2013). A History of World Order and Resistance: The Making and Unmaking of Global Subjects . Routledge.
Benjamin F. Fisher IV (1985). "Amelia B. Edwards". In Bleiler, E. F. (ed.). Supernatural Fiction Writers . New York: Scribner's. p. 255. ISBN 0-684-17808-7 .