Haplogroup W
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
| Haplogroup W | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 23,900 ybp[1] |
| Possible place of origin | Western Asia |
| Ancestor | N2 |
| Descendants | W1, C194T, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7 |
| Defining mutations | 195 204 207 1243 3505 5460 8251 8994 11947 15884C 16292[2] |
Origin
Haplogroup W is believed to have originated around 23,900 years ago in Western Asia.[1] It is descended from the haplogroup N2.
Distribution
Haplogroup W is found in Europe, Western Asia, and South Asia.[3] It is widely distributed at low frequencies, with a high concentration in Northern Pakistan.[4] Haplogroup W is also found in the Maghreb among Algerians (1.08%-3.23%)[5] and in Siberia among Yakuts (6/423 = 1.42%[6]).
Additionally, the clade has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom.[7]
The W5 subclade has been found in a fossil associated with the Starčevo culture (Lánycsók site; 1/1 or 100%).[8]
Ancient DNA analysis found that the medieval individual Sungir 6 (730-850 cal BP) belonged to the W3a1 subclade.[9]
Subclades
Summarize
Perspective
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.
- W
- W1 – Italy,[10] Poland,[11] Czech Republic, Slovenia, Finland, Spain, Qashqai people of Iran[12]
- W-C194T
- W3 - Turkey,[20] Azerbaijan,[20][21] India (Jammu and Kashmir,[20][22] Tamil Nadu[20])
- W3a
- W3a1 – Armenians,[23] Turkey[20] (Turkish,[20] Kurd[24]), France (Toulouse,[25] Sarthe[20]), Italy (Tuscany,[26] Sardinia,[27] Sicily,[28] Umbria,[29] Campania,[30] Trentino-Alto Adige[31]), Hungary,[20] Poland,[20][32] Ukraine,[20] Belarus,[20] Russia (Sunghir6 from 750 - 900 ybp Vladimir Oblast,[20] Sverdlovsk Oblast,[20] Omsk Oblast,[20] Ingushetia,[20] Volga Tatar,[20] Chechens[20]), Denmark,[20] Berbers from Morocco,[33] Pakistan (Pashtun,[20] Kho[20]), India,[20] Singapore,[20] United States[20]
- W3a1a
- W3a1a1 – Polish people, Ashkenazi Jews[34]
- W3a1a2 - Russia (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast,[20] Tatar from Buinsk[20])
- W3a1a3 - Poland (Podkarpackie[20]), United States[20]
- W3a1a+T9090C - Pakistan (Kho[20])
- W3a1a+A15325G - Italy (Napoli[20])
- W3a1b – Pakistan (Pashtuns,[20] Sindhi, Azad Kashmir[20]), India[20] (New Delhi,[35] Andhra Pradesh[20]),[36] Bangladesh (Bengali[20]), Thailand[20] (Mon,[citation needed] Thai[citation needed]), China (Shanghai[20]), United States[20] (Hispanic)
- W3a1-T199C
- W3a1c - England,[20] United States,[20] Slovakia,[20] Russia (Ryazan Oblast,[20] Tambov Oblast,[20] Bashkortostan[20]), Kazakhstan,[20] China (Daur[20][37])
- W3a1d – Hungarians,[38][39] Serbia,[40] Republika Srpska,[20] Latvia,[20] Poland,[20] Ukraine,[20] Russia (Ulyanovsk Oblast,[20] Yakuts[41][20]), New Zealand[20]
- W3a1a
- W3a2 – France (Seine-Maritime[20]), Poland,[20] India,[42][20] Uygurs from China[20]
- W3a1 – Armenians,[23] Turkey[20] (Turkish,[20] Kurd[24]), France (Toulouse,[25] Sarthe[20]), Italy (Tuscany,[26] Sardinia,[27] Sicily,[28] Umbria,[29] Campania,[30] Trentino-Alto Adige[31]), Hungary,[20] Poland,[20][32] Ukraine,[20] Belarus,[20] Russia (Sunghir6 from 750 - 900 ybp Vladimir Oblast,[20] Sverdlovsk Oblast,[20] Omsk Oblast,[20] Ingushetia,[20] Volga Tatar,[20] Chechens[20]), Denmark,[20] Berbers from Morocco,[33] Pakistan (Pashtun,[20] Kho[20]), India,[20] Singapore,[20] United States[20]
- W3b – Italy (Calabria[43]), Albania,[20] Serbia,[20] Romania (Bucharest[20]), Bulgarians,[20][44] Turkey,[20] Iraq[20] (Assyrian[45]), Iran,[20] Armenians,[46] Kurds, Tajiks (especially Wakhis and other Pamiris), Pakistan (Burusho, Kho, Makrani), Cambodia,[47] Uyghurs[20]
- W3b1 – Austrians, Ashkenazi Jews[48]
- W3a
- W4 - Denmark,[49] Poland,[50] Italy (Sardinia,[20] Umbria[51]), Pakistan (Sindhis[20]), India (Jammu and Kashmir[20][52]), Mongolia,[20][53] United Kingdom (ancient Orkney[54])
- W4a - England (St Mary Spital, pre-Black Death medieval London, ca. 725 years before present[55]), Ukraine (Russian speaker from Kharkiv Oblast[20]), India,[20] China (Xinjiang ca. 1412 - 1529 years before present[20])
- W4a1 – Finns,[56] Sweden (Dalarna County[20]), Poland (Mazowieckie[20]), Turkey,[20] England,[20] United States[20]
- W4b - Italy,[20] Mongolia[20]
- W4c - Italy,[20] Poland,[20] India[20]
- W4d - Albania,[20] Turkey (Kurds[20][57]), Iraq (Baghdad[20]), Iran (Lorestan[58]), Pakistan (Kho[59])
- W4a - England (St Mary Spital, pre-Black Death medieval London, ca. 725 years before present[55]), Ukraine (Russian speaker from Kharkiv Oblast[20]), India,[20] China (Xinjiang ca. 1412 - 1529 years before present[20])
- W5 - Denmark,[60][20] Poland,[61][20] Serbia,[62][20] Algeria[20] (Batna[63]), Morocco (Berber[64]), Iran (Persian[65]), United States[66][20]
- W5a - Germany,[20] Denmark[67][20]
- W5a1
- W5a1a – Flemish people, Norway (Rogaland[20]), Denmark,[20] Italy (Tuscany[20][68]), Canary Islands,[69] Brazil,[20] Irish people, Polish people,[70][20] Russia (Belgorod Oblast[20][71]), Canada,[20] United States[20]
- W5a1a1 - England,[20] Estonia,[20] Russia (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria[20])
- W5a1a1a
- W5a1a1 - England,[20] Estonia,[20] Russia (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria[20])
- W5a1a – Flemish people, Norway (Rogaland[20]), Denmark,[20] Italy (Tuscany[20][68]), Canary Islands,[69] Brazil,[20] Irish people, Polish people,[70][20] Russia (Belgorod Oblast[20][71]), Canada,[20] United States[20]
- W5a2 - United Kingdom,[20] Denmark,[20] Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia[20]), Poland[20]
- W5a2b
- W5a1
- W5b - Portugal (Azores,[20] Leiria[20])
- W5b1 - Denmark[20]
- W5b1a
- W5b1 - Denmark[20]
- W5a - Germany,[20] Denmark[67][20]
- W6 – Sindhis, Han Chinese from Xi’an city, Italy, Kuwait,[72] Persians[73] from Iran, Russia (North Ossetia,[74] Belgorod Oblast), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
- W7 – Armenians[36]
- W8 – Bedouin of Israel, Yemen, Iran
- W9
- W3 - Turkey,[20] Azerbaijan,[20][21] India (Jammu and Kashmir,[20][22] Tamil Nadu[20])
Famous members
- Biologist Rudolf Raff was a member of haplogroup W.[80]
- Journalist and investor Laurel Touby is a member of haplogroup W3a.[81]
- Businesswoman and television host Martha Stewart belongs to haplogroup W6.[82]
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup W (mtDNA).
|
Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | J | T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
External links
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