Haplogroup Q (mtDNA)

This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see Haplogroup Q-M242.

In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup Q is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup typical for Oceania. It is a subgroup of haplogroup M29'Q.

Haplogroup Q
Possible time of origin	~50,000 bp
Possible place of origin	Possibly Oceania
Ancestor	M29'Q
Descendants	Q1'2, Q3
Defining mutations	4117 5843 8790 12940 16129 16241[1]

Origin

Haplogroup Q is a descendant of haplogroup M.

Distribution

Today, mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Q is found in the southern Pacific region, especially in New Guinea, Melanesia^[2] and indigenous Australians.^[3] Haplogroup Q is very diverse and frequently occurring among Papuan and Melanesian populations, with an inferred coalescence time of approximately 50,000 years before present. The frequency of this haplogroup among the populations of the islands of Wallacea in eastern Indonesia is quite high, indicating some genetic affinity between the populations of these islands and the indigenous peoples of New Guinea. Haplogroup Q has also been found at higher frequencies, among modern populations of Sundaland but in moderate frequencies Micronesia, and Polynesia. In Southeast Asia it is found in lower frequencies. Malaysians 1.8%,^[4] It's also found in Indonesians, Filipinos (especially in Surigaonon people it's 4.17%^[5]), Balinese 1.2%, Borneans 1.3%.^[6]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup Q subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation^[1] and subsequent published research.

• Q
  • Q1'2
    • Q1
      • Q1-T16223C
        • Q1a
          • Q1a1
            • Q1a1a
        • Q1b
        • Q1c
          • Q1c1
            • Q1c1a
          • Q1c2
            • Q1c2a
      • Q1d
      • Q1e
        • Q1e1
          • Q1e1a
            • Q1e1a1
          • Q1e1b
            • Q1e1b1
          • Q1e1c
      • Q1f
        • Q1f1
        • Q1f2
    • Q2
      • Q2a
        • Q2a1
        • Q2a2
          • Q2a2a
          • Q2a2b
        • Q2a3
          • Q2a3a
          • Q2a3b
        • Q2a4
      • Q2b
  • Q3
    • Q3a
      • Q3a-C61T
        • Q3a1
    • Q3b

See also

• Genealogical DNA test
• Genetic genealogy
• Human mitochondrial genetics
• Population genetics
• Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

Mitochondrial Eve (L)

L0

L1–6

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

M

N

CZ

D

E

G

Q

O

A

S

R

I

W

X

Y

C

Z

B

F

R0

pre-JT

P

U

HV

JT

K

H

V

J

T