Burston Strike School — British schoolteachers Annie and Tom Higdon were dismissed from the Church of England village school in Burston, Norfolk, England following disputes with the local school managing body over the conditions of the school building. Upon the firing, 66 of 72 students at the school went on strike in support of the Higdons. In defiance of the education governing body, the teachers and students formed a strike school that eventually resulted in a new building by 1917.[1]
Carrying survivors and bodies from SS Newfoundland sealing disaster
Pancho Villa telegraphed Venustiano Carranza to report his forces had retaken Torreón, Mexico after 11 days of fighting. Villa reported his forces sustained casualties of 2,000 killed or wounded, and estimated over 12,000 federal troops dead, wounded or captured. The capture of the city gave the Mexican rebel army near complete control of north central Mexico.[11]
Wes Kean, captain of the SS Newfoundland, spotted survivors of 132 sealers from his ship that had been trapped on ice floes off Newfoundland for three days during a blizzard. Using an improvised distress signal, Kean alerted nearby ship SS Bellaventure to assist, with crewman venturing onto the ice with blankets, food, and drink. In total, 77 men died on the ice, with only 69 bodies recovered; another survivor died later in the hospital from complications from exposure.[12]
The U.S. Navy gunboat Dolphin, entered Tampico harbor in Mexico and presented a 21-gun salute to the Mexican flag three times as tribute to the celebrated occupation of Puebla in 1867 during the Second French intervention in Mexico. It was the last peaceful diplomatic exchange between the United States Government and the Mexican government under Victoriano Huerta before relations dissolved during the Tampico Affair days later.[13]
Some 300 Pentecostal preachers and laymen from 20 U.S. states and several countries gathered for a general council in Hot Springs, Arkansas to discuss ways to protect and preserve the results of Pentecostal revivalism through cooperative fellowship.[14]
Twenty people were killed and another 50 injured when a train derailed near Tanjung Priok, Indonesia. A herd of buffalo crossed the track near a bridge crossing six miles (9 kilometers) outside the city, forcing the train off the rails.[15]
The Australian steamerSS Kate, a renowned tug in Sydney harbor, was wrecked after 30 years of service to Australia's shipping industry. The ferry Bellubera collided with the tug and cut it in half, with all boat crew rescued.[16][17]
The Federal University of Alfenas was established in Alfenas, Brazil as a school for dentistry and pharmacy. The school expanded into other science and medical programs and became a federal university in 2005.[22]
Hundreds of anxious spectators gathered in St. John's, Newfoundland harbor to meet the SS Bellaventure as it arrived with the frozen bodies of 69 sealers who died while caught in a blizzard on ice floes two days earlier. Another 63 survivors disembarked with injuries from frostbite or exposure to cold.[23]
Canadian Arctic Expedition — Captain Robert Bartlett of the shipwreck Karluk and his Inuit guide Kataktovik reached the Siberian coast after weeks on the Arctic ice searching for other members of the polar expedition that had left Wrangel Island where the main party were camped. The two followed a sledge track to a Chukchi village where they were given food and shelter for a night.[25][26]
A commission set up by Venustiano Carranza formally implicated Pancho Villa's favorite officer Major Rudolfo Fierro for the death of British rancher William S. Benton while under custody by the Mexican revolutionary leader.[29]
A bomb exploded in the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields in London, causing major property damage. British suffragists were suspected to be behind the bombing but no firm evidence was obtained.[30][31]
A federation of four provincial councils in Catalonia, Spain, together formed the Commonwealth of Catalonia as a means to bolster the eastern Spanish region's political influence in Spanish Parliament and strengthen economic growth in the region.[35]
Canadian Arctic Expedition — Karluk Captain Robert Bartlett and his Inuit guide Kataktovik set off for East Cape, located on the Bering Sea coast, where the polar explorer hoped to find passage back to Alaska to arrange a rescue mission for the remaining main party camped on Wrangel Island. The journey was hampered by hurricane-force winds and extreme cold, but a network of Chukchi villages along the Siberian coastline allowed Bartlett to trade for provisions.[42]
Over 158,000 women registered to vote for the first time in Illinois township elections voted in favor of adding 16 counties to the 30 that already prohibited the sale of alcohol, one of the first times the female vote had a major public impact on the American electorate. "Full suffrage is undoubtedly the next step," said the president of the Chicago Equal Suffrage Association.[43][44]
Komagata Maru incident – The Japanese vessel carrying British Indian citizens picked up more passengers in Shanghai, eventually totaling 376.[45]
Tampico Affair – Mexican authorities arrested eight U.S. sailors from the naval gunship Dolphin in Tampico harbor, Mexico, under the mistaken assumption the sailors were members of the Constitutionalists that clashed with federal troops days before. Rear Admiral Henry T. Mayo, the commander of U.S. naval forces in the area, demanded a 21-gun salute and formal apology from the Mexican government. In response, Mexican President Victoriano Huerta ordered the release of the sailors and gave a written apology. However, he refused to have his forces raise the U.S. flag on Mexican soil to provide a 21-gun salute, inciting calls for action in Washington.[48]
The very first naval/aircraft skirmish took place in Topolobampo, Mexico. Captain Gustavo Salinas Camiña of the Constitutionalists flew a Glenn L. Martin biplane loaded with explosives to attack Mexican naval gunboats Guerrero and Morelos that were set up to block the mouth of the harbor where the mutinous gunboat Tampico lay partially sunk. The gunboats fired on the biplane using small arms while Camiña dropped five bombs over the warships anchored close to each other. Neither bomb hit their targets but Camiña was able to fly back to the airfield safely.[49]
Robert E. Woodrow, a distant relative to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, died in a motorcycle accident in Indianapolis. Woodrow's father was a cousin to President Wilson's mother.[50]
Store manager George James (G. J.) Coles opened the 'Coles Variety Store' in Melbourne, Australia, eventually growing to become a supermarket chain by the mid-20th century as Coles Supermarkets, Australia's second largest supermarket chain.[52]
Paris celebrated the 25th anniversary of the Eiffel Tower. The 324-metre (1,063ft) tall iron structure had become an accepted landmark in the city.[55]
Canadian military nurse Margaret C. MacDonald was appointed Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Nursing service band and became the first woman in the British Empire to reach the rank of major.[56]
The first general council for the Assemblies of God was created through partnerships with several American Pentecostal organizations in Hot Springs, Arkansas following a general meeting of around 300 preachers and layman.[61] The Assembly became the largest Pentecostal denomination of in the world.[62][63]
The Mark Strand Theatre opened in the Manhattan Theatre District. It was first "movie palace" theatre that offered customers a full theatrical experience, and a step-up from the modest store-front nickelodeons where movies where shown before.[71]
The "First International Criminal Police Congress" was held in Monaco, with representatives of 24 countries represented, as one of several attempts to formalize international police cooperation (a different, later effort in 1923 resulted in the creation of Interpol).[77]
Komagata Maru incident – The Japanese vessel arrived in Yokohama with a total contingent of 376 passengers, including 340 Sikhs, 24 Muslims, and 12 Hindus, all British subjects.[78]
A collision at Burntisland railway station in Scotland between an express and a shunting goods train following a signalman's error killed two locomotive crew and injured twelve passengers.[79]
Some 8,000 federal soldiers from San Pedro, Coahuila, Mexico were trapped by two factions of rebel soldiers after the railroad they were retreating on was sabotaged.[81]
A bust of British journalist W. T. Stead was unveiled in The Hague to commemorate the renowned pacifist's passing on the RMS Titanic when it sank on April 15, 1912.[83]
Bai Lang Rebellion – Regular troops routed the "bandit army" of Bai Yung-chang, known as the "White Wolf," near Sian-Foo in northwest China, killing or wounding some 2,000 men.[88]
Following a scoreless championship final on April 11, the Scottish Cup was replayed with the Celtic club from Glasgow beating the Hiberian club from Edinburgh 4–1. An estimated 40,000 spectators attended the Scottish football championship.[89]
Michael P. Mahoney, an aggrieved 71-year old citizen of New York City, fired a gun at MayorJohn Purroy Mitchel as he was getting into his car to go to lunch. The bullet missed Mitchel and ricocheted off a pedestrian before hitting Frank Polk, the city's corporation counsel, in the chin.[90]
A bomb destroyed a theater in the seaside resort of Great Yarmouth, England, with local authorities suspecting it was planted by members of the suffragist movement in Britain.[91]
The Italian epic film Cabiria, directed by Giovanni Pastrone, was released. The film followed the adventures of the title heroine who witnessed or got involved in major historic events in the Roman Empire, including Hannibal's crossing of the Alps. It was the first major film to feature the tracking shot, and also the first film screened at the White House.[97]
The village of Estuary, Saskatchewan was established along the future Canadian Pacific Railway branch line. The town peaked at 800 inhabitants and 163 businesses before a change in the railroad route caused the town to decline, becoming a ghost town by the mid-20th century.[102]
Concha Revolution — Soldiers for the government of Ecuador suffered defeat at Camarones, Ecuador, with 500 killed or wounded and another 200 taken prisoner by rebels under the command of Carlos Concha, who had been leading an uprising since the death of President Emilio Estrada Carmona December 21, 1911.[105]
The Japanese-language novel Kokoro by Natsume Sōseki began its serial run in Asahi Shimbun, one of Japan's national newspapers. The novel chronicles the country's transition from the Meiji period to the modern era through the relationship between a young man and his sensei (mentor).[110]
The German steamer SS Ypiranga was detained by the United States Navy as it attempted to unload arms for forces under command of Victoriano Huerta in Veracruz. However, since there was no formal blockade during the occupation, the ship's detention was illegal. Subsequently, the steamer was released where it went to a nearby port unoccupied by the U.S. Navy to unload its shipment.[113]
Leo Frank, convicted in the murder of 13-year old Mary Phagan, was awarded a stay of execution and a new hearing by a single justice of the Georgia Supreme Court based on evidence not brought up in the original trial. Despite new evidence brought forward, justice Ben Hill upheld the original court decision and denied Frank a new trial.[121]
Larne gun-running – Arms shipments from Germany, including 35,000 rifles and over 3 million rounds of ammunition, landed at Larne, Bangor and Donaghadee, Ireland and were distributed for the Ulster Volunteers using motor vehicles, the first time arms were ever distributed in such a manner.[125]
Canadian Arctic Expedition – Karluk Captain Robert Bartlett and his Inuit guide Kataktovik reached Emma Town, a Siberian settlement a few miles west of East Cape, 37 days since leaving Wrangel Island where the main party was camped. The two men had traveled about 700 miles (1,100km), much of it on foot. Robert arranged transit with a local Russian official to take him to Emma Harbour on the coast, a week's journey away, where he could look for a ship to Alaska.[126]
Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition – Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and Brazilian military officer Cândido Rondon completed their exploration of the River of Doubt (later renamed Roosevelt River) in the Amazon. The expedition achieved its objectives at terrible cost. Three men out of the 16 in the exploration party perished (one through drowning, another by homicide, forcing the party to abandon the third man who committed the act to perish in the jungle). The rest were weakened by starvation and disease. Roosevelt and Rondon credited the help of a team of seringueiros (local Brazilians who harvest rubber from trees for tire manufacturing in North America) for providing needed aid through the last leg of the river to meet their rendezvous with the American-Brazilian relief party which escorted them back to Manaus, Brazil.[134]
A coal mine explosion in Eccles, West Virginia killed over 180 miners, the second worst mining disaster in the state's history. Mine investigators concluded a flame from a carbide lamp touched off a pocket of coal gas, which set up a chain reaction of explosions throughout the mine. Official records of the disaster contradict exact casualties, with the number ranging from 180 to 186 dead.[136]
British suffragettesHilda Burkitt and Florence Tunks burned down the Felixstow Bath Hotel in Suffolk, England as part of a series of violent actions during the "Votes For Women" Campaign. There were no occupants in the hotel. Both women were arrested and given prison sentences on May 29.[141]
Colorado Coalfield War – Fifteen people were killed in clashes between striking miners, mine guard and state militia on the final day of the labor dispute for the Colorado coalfields as federal troops arrived, upon which hundreds of striking miners laid down their arms and ended the violence.[142]
A scientific expedition to the western half of Sumatra collected specimens of a unique species of muntjac (a type of deer) later called the Sumatran Muntjac. The animal was later sighted in the 1930s and early 2000s.[145]
Johnston, Hugh J.M. (1989). The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: the Sikh challenge to Canada's colour bar. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. p.26. ISBN0-7748-0340-1.
"Launches and Trial Trips". International Marine Engineering. 36 (May). Marine Engineering, Inc., New York—London: 412. 1914. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
London, Peter. "Bognor's Boats: The Aircraft of Norman Thompson". Air Enthusiast, No. 66, November–December 1996. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN0143-5450. p. 73
"Identified as Michael P. Mahoney, Man with Many Grievances". The New York Times. April 17, 1914. Retrieved 2013-12-25. In the midst of the noon-hour crowd on Park Row an attempt was made on the life of Mayor John Purroy Mitchel, yesterday afternoon, just as he was starting in his automobile for luncheon from the east end of City Hall Plaza. The would-be assassin of Mr. Mitchel was a shabbily dressed man of 71 years, who fancied he had a series of grievances against the Mayor for his mode of administering the City Government.
"Bataviasche Kunstkring, Gedung". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2013. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
"Uniting Producers". Lancefield Mercury and West Bourke Agricultural Record. Vic. 24 April 1914. p.2. Retrieved 12 November 2013– via National Library of Australia.
Miyata, Hiroyuki (June 2014). 釜石線ショートヒストリー ～路線と蒸気機関車～ [A short history of the Kamaishi Line: The line and steam locomotives]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol.54, no.638. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. pp.24–25.
Thomas Baecker, "The Arms of the Ypiranga: The German Side," The Americas, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jul., 1973), pp. 1-17 Published by: Academy of American Franciscan History
Lemmerich, Jost (2011). Hentschel, Ann (ed.). Science and Conscience: The Life of James Franck. Stanford University Press. pp.45–50. ISBN9780804779098.
Buckner, Maj. David N (2013). A Brief History of the 10th Marines. Washington D.C.: United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps Historical Division. ISBN978-1482309843.
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