The first millennium of the anno Domini or Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000 (1st to 10th centuries; in astronomy: JD 721 425 .5– 086 667 .5[1] world population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium , from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.[2]
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From top left, clockwise: Depiction of Jesus , the central figure in Christianity ; The Colosseum , a landmark of the once-mighty Roman Empire ; Kaaba , the Great Mosque of Mecca , the holiest site of Islam ; Chess , a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The Western Roman Empire falls, ushering in the Early Middle Ages ; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79; Attila the Hun , leader of the Hunnic Empire , which takes most of Eastern Europe (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from Teotihuacan , National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City ) Map of the world in 1 AD, at the beginning of the new millennium. In Western Eurasia (Europe and Near East ), the first millennium was a time of great transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages . The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire , followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity , the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations . The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the Viking expansion in the west, and the continuation of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) in the east.
In East Asia , the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China , the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . In Japan , a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The Yamato court was established. The North Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the Gupta Empire . Islam expanded rapidly from Arabia to western Asia, India, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula , culminating in the Islamic Golden Age (700–1200).
In Mesoamerica , the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era (200–900). Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In South America , pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world.
In North America , the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built; Cahokia , the largest, was based in present-day Illinois . The construction of Monks Mound at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.
In Sub-Saharan Africa , the Bantu expansion reaches Southern Africa by about the 5th century.
The trans Saharan slave trade spans the Sahara and the Swahili coast by the 9th century.
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Kingdoms and civilizations of the 1st millennium AD Africa
Asia / Oceania
Europe
Pre-Columbian Americas
North Africa East Africa Sahara / West Africa Central / Southern Africa
West Asia East Asia Central Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Oceania
Southeastern Europe Italy Iberia Western / Central Europe Eastern Europe Northern Europe
Mesoamerica South America North America
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The events in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
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Events and trends of the 1st millennium AD
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Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
1st century AD 70 Kandake Amanikhatashan sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt[3] AD 100 Aksum AD 100 [4] AD 1 Cahuachi established[5] AD 50 Pyramid of the Sun began[5] AD 25 Han Dynasty reestablished under Guangwu AD 33 Christianity begins AD 70 Jewish diaspora AD 9 [6] AD 47 London foundedAD 58 [6] AD 79 Pompeii destroyed AD 1 Caroline Islands colonized [7]
2nd century 150 Swahili , Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 200 Bantu reach east Africa [8] 200 Nok culture ends150 Cahuachi becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru[5] 184 Yellow Turban Rebellion 106 [6] 166 [6] 180 [6]
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Americas
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3rd century 212 [8] 230 Aksum wars with Himyar and Saba alliance300 Aksum prints own coins250 Laguna de los Cerros 292 Stela 29 inscribed [5] 300 [5] 208 Battle of Red Cliffs during the decline of the Han dynasty 280 Jin reunifies China 212 [6] 214 [6] 286 [6] 300 Eastern Polynesian culture develops [9]
4th century 333 Aksum converts to Christianity350 Meroe comes to an end [8] 350 378 Teotihuacan conquers Waka , Tikal , and Uaxactun , the beginning of its conquest of the Maya [10] 319 Gupta Empire in South Asia383 Battle of Fei River 393 Olympic Games
313 Edict of Milan [6] 370 [6] 396 [6]
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5th century 401 429 Vandal invasion [8] 500 Nubia split into Nobadia , Makuria , Alodia 420 Northern and Southern dynasties period begins407 [11] 421 [11] 476 Fall of Roman Empire [11] 500 Hawaii , Easter Island , Society Islands , Tuamotus and Mangareva [9]
6th century 520 Kaleb attacks Yemen 533 Belisarius invades Africa [8] 540 monophysite Christianity600 Wari' conquer Peru[12] 600 Construction of Palenque [5] 538 Buddhism introduced in Japan.570 Muhammad 507 [11] 535 [11] 585 [11]
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Americas
Asia
Europe
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7th century 641 Muslims invade Africa [13] 690 Za dynasty founded 697 Carthage destroyed [13] 650 Xochitecatl and Cacaxtla [12] 700 Teotihuacan destroyed[12] 618 Tang dynasty established 632 Islam 651 Islamic conquest of Persia c.680 Bulgarian Empire is founded
700 Settlement of the Cook Islands [9]
8th century 702 Aksum attacks Arabia [13] 706 Arabic in Egypt [13] 789 Independent Morocco [13] 738 Quiriguá becomes independent of Copan
750 Sacred Cenote built at Chichén Itzá [12] 780 Bonampak abandoned[12]
738 Caliphate campaigns in India and invasion of India by Umayyad Caliphate is averted 755 An Shi Rebellion 717 Siege of Constantinople 718 Islamic conquest of Spain
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
9th century 801 Kanem Empire founded801 900 [14] 835 Ganlu Incident 872 Norway unites 874 Settlement of Iceland 896 Hungarians invade Carpathia
10th century 905 Tulunids ejected [13] 909 Fatimid established [13] 969 Fustat captured [13] 950 Great Serpent Mound constructed[12] 990 Chichén Itzá 907 Five Dynasties begins960 Song dynasty established958 Denmark unites 985 1000 Polynesians build stone temples[9]
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