690s

The 690s decade ran from January 1, 690, to December 31, 699.

690

This section is transcluded from AD 690. (edit | history)

By place

Britain

• King Oswine of Kent is toppled by Wihtred, brother of the late king Eadric of Kent, after a 2-year reign. He takes his lands north of the River Thames, in revenge against the East Saxons (approximate date).

Asia

• October 16 – Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty, and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire as "Holy and Divine Emperor". She becomes the first and only female "emperor" in 5,000 years of Chinese history. Wu Zetian changes the dynasty's name to the Zhou dynasty, and begins to murder throne pretendants and ministers who try to oppose her. During her reign she elevates the status of Buddhism above Taoism.

By topic

Entertainment

• The approximate date of the earliest known blindfold chess, played by Sa'id ibn Jubayr^[1]

Religion

• Willibrord, Anglo-Saxon missionary, travels from York with 12 Benedictine monks to Westkapelle, (modern Netherlands) to Christianize the pagan Frisians.
• September 19 – Theodore of Tarsus, age 88, dies at Canterbury. He is succeeded by Berhtwald as the 9th Archbishop of Canterbury (approximate date).

Significant people

• Abd al-Malik caliph
• Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan famous governor of Egypt
• Justinian II Byzantine emperor
• Pope Conon of Rome

Births

Transcluding articles: 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, and 699

690

• Ashot III, Armenian prince (approximate date)
• Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal, king of Gwynedd (approximate date)

691

• Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, Muslim caliph (d. 743)
• Marwan II, Muslim caliph (d. 750)

692

• Gundelina, Frankish abbess

693

• Alfonso I, king of Asturias (approximate date)

694

• Fujiwara no Umakai, Japanese statesman (d. 737)^[15]
• Hammad Ar-Rawiya, Arab scholar (approximate date)
• Mildthryth, Anglo-Saxon abbess (approximate date)

695

• Fujiwara no Maro, Japanese statesman (d. 737)
• Herlindis of Maaseik, Frankish abbess (approximate date)
• Kibi no Makibi, Japanese scholar (d. 775)
• Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, Umayyad general (d. 715)
• Ōtomo no Koshibi, Japanese general (d. 777)
• Emperor Shang of Tang, Chinese ruler (or 698)
• Theophilus of Edessa, Greek astrologer (d. 785)
• Zayd ibn Ali, Arab imam and grandson of Husayn ibn Ali (d. 740)

696

• Vijayaditya, king of the Chalukya dynasty (d. 733)
• Kim Gyo-gak, Korean Buddhist monk (d. 794)

• Osred I of Northumbria, King of Northumbria from 705 until his death in 716.

697

• Fang Guan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 763)
• Guo Ziyi, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 781)
• Osred I, king of Northumbria (approximate date)

698

• Dagobert III, king of the Franks (d. 715)
• Shang, emperor of the Tang dynasty (or 695)
• Wang Changling, Chinese poet and official (d. 756)

699

• Abū Hanīfa, Arab imam and scholar (d. 767)
• Wang Wei, Chinese poet (d. 759)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, and 699

690

• September 19 – Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 602)
• Aimé, Swiss bishop and saint
• Amalberga of Maubeuge, Lotharingian saint (approximate date)
• Benedict Biscop, Anglo-Saxon abbot
• Bertha of Val d'Or, Frankish abbess (approximate date)
• Julian, archbishop of Toledo (b. 642)
• Kusaila, Berber leader (approximate date)
• Landrada, Frankish abbess (approximate date)
• Nukata, Japanese poet (b. c. 630)
• Oswine, king of Kent (approximate date)

691

• August 24 – Fu Youyi, official of the Tang dynasty
• November 7 – Cen Changqian, official of the Tang dynasty
• November 7 – Ge Fuyuan, official of the Tang dynasty
• Fithceallach mac Flainn, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)
• Theuderic III, king of the Franks (b. 654)
• Sun Guoting, Chinese calligrapher (b. 646)

692

• Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Arab sahabi (b. 624)
• Asmā' bint Abi Bakr, companion of Muhammad
• Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil, a Maya ruler of Dos Pilas (b. 625)
• Two Ewalds, Saxon priests (approximate date)
• Chrothildis, Frankish queen regent

693

• Begga, Frankish abbess (b. 615)
• Bridei III, king of the Picts
• Earconwald, bishop of London
• Fáelchar ua Máele Ódrain, king of Osraige (Ireland)
• Oshere, king of Hwicce (Mercia)
• Paul III, patriarch of Constantinople

St Erkenwald, Saxon Prince, bishop and saint known as the "Light of London" died in this year

694

• Clovis IV, King of the Franks (b. 677)
• Coenred, king of Dorset (approximate date)
• Rodoald, duke of Friuli (Italy)
• Xue Huai-yi, Chinese Buddhist monk

695

• Ado, duke of Friuli (Northern Italy)
• Ansbert of Rouen, Frankish bishop
• Chan Imix K'awiil, Mayan ruler (ajaw)
• Sæbbi, king of Kent (approximate date)
• Stephen the Persian, chief eunuch and sakellarios of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian II

696

• August 13 – Takechi, Japanese prince (b. c. 654)
• Domnall Donn, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
• Vinayaditya of Vatapi, king of the Chalukya dynasty and predecessor of Vijayaditya.
• Woncheuk, Korean Buddhist monk (b. c. 613)

• Chlodulf, bishop of Metz (b. 605)
• Aldetrude, Christian saint

697

• Eochaid mac Domangairt, king of Dál Riata
• Ferchar Fota, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
• Hugobert, Merovingian noblemen (seneschal)
• Nordebert, mayor of the palace of Neustria
• Osthryth, queen of Mercia (English Midlands)

698

• May 6 – Eadberht, bishop of Lindisfarne
• July 22 – Wu Chengsi, nephew of Chinese sovereign Wu Zetian
• Ainbcellach mac Ferchair, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
• Berthtred, Anglo-Saxon noblemen (approximate date)
• Rieul, bishop of Reims (approximate date)
• Suraqah al-Bariqi, Arab poet (b. 621)
• Trudo, Frankish abbot (approximate date)

699

• Niitabe, Japanese princess
• Ōe, Japanese princess
• Seaxburh of Ely, queen of Kent
• Werburgh, Anglo-Saxon princess
• Yuge, Japanese prince

References

1. "Memory ..." 2006.
2. Slavik 2001, p. 60.
3. Bede 1990, book IV, chap. XV.
4. Ostrogorsky 1956, pp. 116–122.
5. Kirby 1992, p. 122.
6. Fryde et al. 1996, p. 219.
7. Ostrogorsky 1956, pp. 124–126.
8. Whitelock 1968, p. 357.
9. "St. Peter's Abbey - Salzburg Archabbey : Churches & Cemeteries in". www.salzburg.info. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
10. McLure, Judith; Collins, Roger, eds. (1999). The Ecclesiastical History of the English People: The Greater Chronicle ; Bede's Letter to Egbert. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 390. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
11. Venning 2006, p. 187.
12. Treadgold 1997, pp. 337–339.
13. Venning 2006, p. 188.
14. Treadgold 1997, p. 339.
15. Grapard 2016, p. 28.

Sources

• Bede (1990). Farmer, D.H. (ed.). Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Translated by Leo Sherley-Price. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044565-X.
• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (third revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
• Grapard, Allan G. (2016). Mountain Mandalas: Shugendo in Kyushu. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4742-4901-0.
• Kirby, D. P. (1992). The Earliest English Kings. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-09086-5.
• "Memory and Mental Calculation World Records". Rekord Klub Saxonia. Archived from the original on 2 April 2006.
• Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Slavik, Diane (2001). Cities through Time: Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Jerusalem. Geneva, Illinois: Runestone. ISBN 978-0-8225-3218-7.
• Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
• Venning, Timothy, ed. (2006). A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1774-4.
• Whitelock, Dorothy (1968). English Historical Documents, vol. I, c.500–1042. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.