180s

The 180s decade ran from January 1, 180, to December 31, 189.

180

This section is transcluded from AD 180. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Empire

• The Quadi are chased westwards, deeper into Germania. The Praetorian prefect, Tarutenius Paternus, achieves a decisive victory against the Germanic tribes.
• March 17 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius dies after a week's illness at his camp in Vindobona (modern Vienna). He is succeeded by his son Commodus (age 18).
• The Era of the Five Good Emperors ends.
• Rome creates a 4-mile wide buffer zone by the Danube.
• Work begins in Rome on the building of the Column of Marcus Aurelius.
• 180–395 – Late Empire in Rome.
• Northern British from beyond Hadrian's Wall invade the North of modern-day England, causing Emperor Commodus to allow swathes of Northern cities to establish city walls.
• Cassius Dio arrives in Rome and becomes a Senator^[1]

Europe

• The Goths reach the banks of the Black Sea.

Oceania

• Lake Taupō in New Zealand erupts, forming ash clouds as far as China and Europe.

By topic

Arts and sciences

• In his Methodus Medendo, Greek physician Galen describes the connection between paralysis and the severing of the spinal cord.
• Galen's popular work on hygiene is published.

Religion

• July 17 – Twelve Christian inhabitants of Scillium in Numidia are executed in Carthage (also in North Africa) (known as the Scillitan Martyrs) – they had refused to swear an oath to the Emperor.
• Commodus creates an official cult of the Zoroastrian god Mithra.

Significant people

• Commodus, Roman Emperor

Births

Transcluding articles: 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, and 189

180

• Ardashir I, founder of the Sasanian Empire (d. 242)
• Johanan bar Nappaha, Jewish rabbi (d. 279)
• Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus (d. 222)
• Sima Fu, Chinese prince and statesman (d. 272)

181

• April 2 – Xian of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 234)
• Zhuge Liang, Chinese chancellor and regent (d. 234)

182

• July 5 – Sun Quan, Chinese emperor of the Eastern Wu state (d. 252)
• Zhu Ran, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 249)

183

• January 26 – Lady Zhen, wife of the Cao Wei state Emperor Cao Pi (d. 221)
• Hu Zong, Chinese general, official and poet of the Eastern Wu state (d. 242)
• Liu Zan (Zhengming), Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 255)
• Lu Xun, Chinese general and politician of the Eastern Wu state (d. 245)

184

• Guo Nüwang, Chinese empress of the Cao Wei state (d. 235)
• Origen, Christian scholar and theologian (approximate date)
• Sun Yi, Chinese general (d. 204)
• Wang Xiang, Chinese official and politician (d. 268)

185

• Liu Ji (or Jingyu), Chinese official and minister (d. 233)
• Origen, Christian scholar and theologian (approximate date)
• Wang Xiang, Chinese minister of the Cao Wei state (d. 269)

186

• Ma Liang, Chinese official of the Shu Han state (d. 222)

187

• Cao Pi, Chinese emperor of the Cao Wei state (d. 226)^[8]
• Gu Shao, Chinese official and politician (d. 218)

188

• April 4 – Caracalla (or Antoninus), Roman emperor (d. 217)^[9]
• Lu Ji (or Gongji), Chinese official and politician (d. 219)
• Sun Shao, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 241)

189

• March 7 – Publius Septimius Geta, Roman emperor (d. 211)^[10]
• Ling Tong, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (d. 217)
• Zhang Chunhua, Chinese noblewoman and aristocrat (d. 247)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, and 189

180

• March 17 – Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor (b. 121)
• Aulus Gellius, Roman author and grammarian (b. 125 AD)
• Gaius, Roman jurist and writer (approximate date)
• Hegesippus, Christian chronicler and writer (b. 110)^[11]
• Lucian of Samosata, Syrian rhetorician (b. 125 AD)
• Melito of Sardis, bishop of Sardis (approximate date)
• Pinytus, bishop of Knossos (approximate date)

181

• Aelius Aristides, Greek orator and writer (b. 117)^[12]
• Cao Jie, Chinese court eunuch and official

182

• Lucilla, Roman empress and daughter of Marcus Aurelius
• Marcus Ummidius Quadratus, Roman politician (b. 138)
• Saoterus, Bithynian Greek freedman and chamberlain
• Ummidia Cornificia Faustina, Roman noblewoman (b. 141)

184

• June 6 – Qiao Xuan (or Gongzu), Chinese official (b. 110)
• Adalla of Silla, Korean ruler (House of Park)^[5]
• Zhang Jue, Chinese leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion

185

• April 21 – Apollonius the Apologist, Christian apologist
• Pharasmanes III (or P'arsman), Georgian king of Iberia
• Tigidius Perennis, Roman praetorian prefect (executed)

186

• April 21 – Apollonius the Apologist, Christian martyr
• Bian Zhang, Chinese official and general (b. 133)^[13]
• Paccia Marciana, Roman noblewoman (approximate date)^[14]
• Sohaemus, Roman client king of Armenia

187

• Chen Shi, Chinese official and politician (b. 104)
• Maternus, Gaulish rebel leader (approximate date)
• Pertinax, bishop of Byzantium

188

• March 17 – Julian, pope and patriarch of Alexandria
• Fa Zhen (or Gaoqing), Chinese scholar (b. AD 100)
• Lucius Antistius Burrus, Roman politician (executed)
• Ma Xiang, Chinese rebel leader (approximate date)
• Publius Atilius Aebutianus, Roman prefect (executed)
• Shusun Tong, Chinese official and ritual specialist
• Qiangqui, Chinese ruler of the southern Xiongnu

189

• May 13 – Ling of Han (or Liu Hong), Chinese emperor (b. 156)
• May 24 – Eleutherius, bishop of Rome (or Catholic Church)
• September 22 – He Jin, Chinese Grand Marshal and regent
• Ding Yuan (or Jian Yang), Chinese official and warlord
• Jian Shuo, Chinese eunuch leader (Ten Attendants)
• Lingsi (or He), Chinese empress of the Han dynasty
• Xiaoren, Chinese empress dowager of the Han dynasty

References

1. "Cassius Dio". Encyclopædia Britannica. January 1, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
2. Lake Taupo Official Site Archived March 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
3. Barrett, Anthony A. (22 April 2009). Lives of the Caesars. John Wiley & Sons. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-4443-0296-7.
4. Bunson, Matthew (14 May 2014). Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4381-1027-1. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
5. "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
6. Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (March 29, 2012). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1480. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8.
7. Birley, Anthony R. (1999). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, pp. 76–77. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16591-4.
8. "Cao Pi | emperor of Wei dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
9. "Caracalla | Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
10. "Publius Septimius Geta - Roman emperor [died 212]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
11. Thompson, Bruce D. (2018). Echoes of Contempt: A History of Judeophobia and the Christian Church. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 25. ISBN 9781532655111.
12. Wee, John Z. (2017). The Comparable Body - Analogy and Metaphor in Ancient Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greco-Roman Medicine. BRILL. p. 247. ISBN 9789004356771.
13. Zizhi Tongjian vol. 58.
14. Birley, Anthony R. (1999) [1971]. Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415165911, page 75