400s (decade)

The 400s decade ran from January 1, 400, to December 31, 409.

400

This section is transcluded from AD 400. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Empire

• January 9 – Emperor Arcadius gives his wife Aelia Eudoxia the official title of Augusta. She is able to wear the purple paludamentum and is depicted in Roman currency.
• Anthemius, praetorian prefect of the East, is sent on an embassy to the Persian capital, Ctesiphon, to congratulate King Yazdegerd I on his accession the year before.^[1]
• A riot breaks out in Constantinople; the Great Palace is burned to the ground. Gainas, a Gothic leader, attempts to evacuate his soldiers out of the city, but 7,000 armed Goths are trapped and killed by order of Arcadius. After the massacre, Gainas tries to escape across the Hellespont, but his rag-tag ad hoc fleet is destroyed by Fravitta, a Gothic chieftain in imperial service.
• Winter – Gainas leads the remaining Goths back to their homeland across the Danube. They meet the Huns and are defeated; the Hunnic chieftain Uldin sends the head of Gainas to Constantinople, where Arcadius receives it as a diplomatic gift.

Europe

• The Paeonians (Illyricum) lose their identity (approximate date).

Asia

• Richū, the eldest son of Nintoku, becomes the 17th Emperor of Japan.^[2]

By topic

Art

• Resurrection and "Two Marys with Angel near the Empty Tomb", panel of a diptych, found in Rome, is made. It is now kept at Castello Sforzesco, Milan (approximate date).

Literature

• The Vergilius Vaticanus, an illuminated manuscript containing fragments of Virgil's Aeneid and Georgics, is made in Rome.
• The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali are composed.^[3]

Medicine

• Caelius Aurelianus, Roman physician, is practising his work "De morbis acutis et chronicis" (Concerning Acute and Chronic Illness), a guide to acute and chronic diseases.

Physics

• Hypatia, Greek philosopher, distinguishes herself as one of the first female scientists and becomes head of the Neo-Platonist school at Alexandria.

Religion

• The mausoleum of Galerius in Salonica (Greece) is converted into a church.
• Bishops from Gaza (Palaestina Prima) arrive at Constantinople to ask Arcadius that he close the pagan temple of Marnas.

Significant people

Births

Transcluding articles: 400, 401, 402, 403, AD 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, and 409

400

• Aspar, Alan patrician and general (magister militum) (approximate date)
• Bahram V, Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah)
• Hassan Yuha'min, king of the Himyarite Kingdom
• Hydatius, bishop of Aquae Flaviae (modern Chaves, Portugal) (approximate date)
• Pope Leo I, Bishop of Rome
• Qusayy ibn Kilab, Ishmaelite descendant of Abraham
• Salvian, Christian writer (approximate date)
• Sozomen, Christian Church historian

401

• April 10 – Theodosius II, Roman emperor (d. 450)
• Aelia Eudocia, Roman empress and wife of Theodosius II (approximate date)
• Leo I, Byzantine Emperor (d. 474)

403

• Hilary, bishop of Arles (d. 449)
• Yuan He, official of the Northern Wei Dynasty (d. 479)

405

• Ricimer, de facto ruler of the Western Roman Empire (approximate date)
• Salvian, Christian writer (approximate date)
• Yuan Qigui, empress and wife of Wen of Liu Song (d. 440)^[16]

406

• Attila the Hun, ruler of the Hunnic Empire (approximate date) (d. 453)
• Lu Xiujing^[17]
• Shao Di, emperor of the Liu Song dynasty (d. 424)

407

• Wen Di, Chinese emperor of the Liu Song dynasty (d. 453)

408

• Tai Wu Di, emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (d. 452)

409

• Daniel the Stylite, Christian saint (approximate date)
• Liu Yikang, prince of the Liu Song Dynasty (d. 451)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 400, 401, 402, 403, AD 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, and 409

400

• Castor of Karden, Christian priest and hermit
• Duan, Chinese empress and wife of Murong Bao
• Gainas, Gothic chieftain and general (magister militum)
• Li Lingrong, empress and mother of Jin Xiaowudi
• Lü Guang, emperor of the Di state Later Liang (b. 337)
• Lü Shao, "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang) of Later Liang
• Oribasius, Greek medical writer and physician

401

• December 19 – Pope Anastasius I^[18]
• Duan Ye, prince of the Chinese state Northern Liang
• Lü Zuan, emperor of the Di state Later Liang
• Murong Sheng, emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan (b. 373)
• Empress Yang, wife of Lü Zuan

402

• Empress Dowager Ding, mother of Murong Sheng
• Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, Roman consul and intellectual
• Sima Yuanxian, regent during the Jin Dynasty (b. 382)
• Tufa Lilugu, prince of the Xianbei state Southern Liang

403

• Epiphanius of Salamis, Church Father
• Sima Daozi, regent of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (b. 364)

404

• January 1 – Telemachus, Christian monk and martyr
• February – Flavian I, Patriarch of Antioch
• June 19 – Huan Xuan, warlord and emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 369)
• October 6 – Aelia Eudoxia, Roman Empress and wife of Arcadius
• Claudian, Roman poet (approximate date)
• He Fani, empress of the Jin dynasty (b. 339)
• Paula, Desert Mother and saint (b. 347)

405

• June 26 – Saint Vigilius, bishop of Trent (b. 353)
• November 11 – Arsacius of Tarsus, archbishop of Constantinople
• Moses the Black, Christian monk and priest (b. 330)
• Murong De, emperor of the Xianbei state Southern Yan (b. 336)
• Richu, emperor of Japan (approximate date)
• Theon of Alexandria, last director of the Library of Alexandria (approximate date)

406

• August 23 – Radagaisus, Gothic king
• Alban of Mainz, priest and martyr (approximate date)
• Godigisel, king of the Vandals
• Gu Kaizhi, Chinese painter (b. c. 344)
• Zhang Tianxi, ruler of Former Liang (b. 346)

407

• Fu Xunying, empress of the Xianbei state Later Yan
• Gratian, Roman usurper
• John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople
• Marcus, Roman usurper
• Maria, empress consort and wife of Honorius
• Murong Xi, emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan (b. 385)
• Victricius, missionary and bishop of Rouen (approximate date)

408

• May 1 – Arcadius, Roman Emperor
• May 4 – Venerius, bishop of Milan and Saint
• August 22 – Stilicho, Roman general

409

• Daowu, emperor of the Northern Wei (b. 371)
• Gao Yun, emperor of the Northern Yan
• Li of Yan, empress, wife of Gao Yun (who died the same year)
• Mallius Theodorus, Roman consul (approximate date)
• Serena, noblewoman and wife of Stilicho