人類史上第一宗伊波拉出血熱確診個案,出現於現在的南蘇丹(當時的蘇丹)一個名為「恩扎拉(英語:Nzara, South Sudan)」的村落。[23][100][101]該病人為當地一家棉織廠的主人。他於6月27日發病,三天後入院,並在7月6日死亡。[7][102]引發此次爆發的元兇,為最終奪取了151人性命(總患病人數為284名)的蘇丹病毒。雖然世衛人員知道他們面對的是一種新型疾病,但在相隔數月後的扎伊爾爆發中,病原體才被深入了解及命名。[102]
除了人命傷亡,疫症亦造成了經濟損失及社會動盪。《金融時報》一篇報告指出,由疾病引發之資源短缺問題造成了比病毒本身更大的負面影響。[132]數以千計的利比里亞、幾內亞和塞拉利昂居民受到檢疫隔離,長時間缺乏足夠的食物,聯合國世界糧食計劃署採取了相應行動。[128]8月16日,蒙羅維亞西點(英語:West Point, Monrovia)的檢疫隔離中心發生了騷亂。一群示威者大肆破壞以示對政府及醫護人員的不滿,他們稱此次爆發乃當局的鑿空之論。不少正受醫療監護的病人(連帶沾有鮮血的床上用品)逃脫,為疫情雪上加霜。[133]
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