宋王臺花園
宋王臺石碑立於該花園 来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
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宋王臺花園（英語：Sung Wong Toi Garden）是位於香港九龍城區馬頭涌的一個公園，於1959年底正式落成，其標誌是一塊刻有「宋王臺」三字的紀念石碑。
相傳南宋皇帝宋端宗趙昰，和其弟宋少帝趙昺被元朝軍隊追逼，南逃流亡到此。後人為了紀念此事，特地在大石刻上「宋王臺」三個字。「宋王臺」碑石原本是一塊巨大的石頭，立在馬頭涌海邊一個稱「聖山」的小山上[a]（即後來啟德機場客運大樓一帶），「宋王臺」石碑後來被遷移到距離約300呎的宋王臺花園現址放置。
宋室後人認為石刻宜稱「皇」，因「王」沿元朝修《宋史》之謬，故旁邊街道稱「宋皇臺道」（英語：Sung Wong Toi Road）[1]。港鐵於鄰近宋王臺的屯馬綫車站同樣採「皇」字命名為「宋皇臺站」。
歷史
南宋末年，蒙古軍隊大舉南侵，先後攻佔了襄樊、建康和臨安。宋度宗第六子恭帝㬎被俘，而度宗另一兒子益王昰[2]則被朝臣文天祥、陸秀夫、張世傑、陳宜中等人擁立為帝，是為端宗，其弟昺被封為衛王。蒙古大軍依舊窮追不捨，結果兩小末代皇兄弟被逼流亡。在文天祥、陸秀夫、張世傑、陳宜中等人護送下，他們經過海路先後途經泉州、潮州、惠州、廣州等地，之後來到東莞縣九龍官富場（即今香港九龍城附近）建立行宮。
蒙古大軍仍死纏不放，繼續追逐到底。他們兩個與隨行官員經潮州之淺灣（即今汕頭市南澳島，古稱「錢澳」，又稱淺灣，今島上仍有的宋井、景亭、太子樓等遺址）、秀山等地再次向南逃亡。途中，他們遇上颶風，端宗沉溺得病，最終在吳川碙州（即今廣東省湛江市硇洲島）駕崩。（今硇洲島仍有南宋古蹟宋皇城、宋皇井、宋皇亭、宋皇碑、翔龍書院、宋皇村、赤馬村、南進誓師紀念碑。在西園、黃屋、那林、北港王安四村分別爲文天祥、陸秀夫、張世傑、羅文通建平天宮、調但宮等祀廟）。後宋端宗還殯於香山沙涌馬南寶家，是年九月初一日壬午（通鑑載：閏十一月），葬於新會崖山壽星塘永福陵。今歿其址。衛王隨即繼位，是為帝昺，隨後轉至新會崖山（今江門市一帶）頑抗。元兵追至，宋軍大敗，陸秀夫背負帝昺一同投海殉國，南宋滅亡[3]。
後來為了紀念宋朝皇室在廣東的事蹟，官富場附近的民眾在一塊可以容納50多人的巨岩上（相傳宋端宗常在岩下洞內休息），刻上「宋王臺」三個漢字。這座高35米、方圓約606米的巨岩被稱為「聖山」（Sacred hill），三面環陸地，東臨九龍灣。巨岩其後於1807年（清嘉慶丁卯）重修。
此外，昰昺二帝南逃期間，帝昰母楊太后（即宋度宗的楊淑妃）以愛女晉國公主（帝昰之妹）同行，後墮海溺斃，屍身找不回，於是為其鑄造 金身以紀念，葬於今九龍城區，人稱「金夫人墓」。20世紀前，晉國公主墓塚原設於宋王臺西北譚公爺山上，並建有一座大碑，後因興建聖三一堂而湮沒。陳伯陶在1917年刊行的《宋臺秋唱》提及此墓塚「十年前碑址尚存，近因牧師築教堂於上，遺蹟湮沒矣。」
19世紀末期，宋王臺周圍因盜採石材以作建築材料，對古蹟造成威脅。香港立法局議員何啟支持九龍城居民發起的保存宋王臺運動，1898年8月15日在立法局提出動議，要求政府立法保存宋王臺古蹟。1899年，立法局通過《保存宋王臺條例》，禁止在宋王臺聖山採石。
在20世紀初期，政府接受中國商人的捐款，環山築成石基，建成一個花園。這塊巨岩下面平滑，一半枕在山頂生成的大石上；其餘一半空虛，祇由一顆小石卵支撐。[4]
在香港日佔時期，日軍擴建啟德機場，增建兩條成交叉的跑道。在1943年1月9日，由日本的宇津木法師領導祭祀，然後經多次爆破，炸毀了整塊巨岩分別移走，連帶在宋王臺後方的名勝珓杯石亦一併炸毀。但日軍擴建機場的工程尚未完工，日本已宣布投降，香港重光。
然而，二戰後空運需求增加，所以香港政府沒有終止擴建啟德機場的計劃，最終把聖山夷平，並在原址建造了啟德機場客運大樓。後來在九龍街坊福利會的請求，由香港政府把巨岩殘骸切割立碑，整修並移到新建的宋王臺花園展覽，在1960年開放。現在所見到的尺寸是原來的三分之一。
戰後初期，在香港居住的宋室後人會在宋王臺附近的酒樓舉行祭祀，並在會場擺放宋恭帝及宋帝昺的畫像。
未來發展
啟德發展計劃已預留啟德體育園區西部毗鄰宋皇臺道以北約5公頃的用地重置宋皇臺公園，該休憩用地覆蓋宋王臺原址及原聖山山頂部分，暫未有動工時間表。
九龍宋皇臺遺址碑記
宋王臺花園有一石碑刻有《九龍宋皇臺遺址碑記》，有中文及英文兩個版本，其中中文版碑文如下：
九龍宋皇臺遺址碑記
宋皇臺遺址在九龍灣西岸，原有小阜名「聖山」者。巨石巍峨，矗峙其上，西面橫列元刻「宋王臺」牓書，旁綴「清嘉慶丁卯重修」七字。一九一五年，香港大學教授賴際熙籲請政府劃地數畝，永作斯臺遺址，港紳李瑞琴贊勷其事，捐建石垣繚焉。迨日軍陷港，擴築飛機場，爆石裂而為三，中一石摩崖諸字完整如故。香港光復後，有司仍本保存古蹟之旨，在機場之西南距原址可三百尺，闢地建公園，削其石為長方形，移寘園內，藉作標識，亦從眾意也。
考臺址明、清屬廣州府新安縣，宋時則屬廣州郡東莞縣，稱「官富場」。端宗正位福州，以元兵追迫，遂入海，由是而泉州而潮州而惠州之甲子門，以景炎二年春入廣州。治二月，舟次於梅蔚，四月進駐場地，嘗建行宮於此，世稱「宋皇臺」。或謂端宗每每憩於石下洞中，故名，非所知矣。其年六月，移蹕古塔。九月如淺灣，即今之荃灣也。十一月元兵來襲，乃復乘舟遷秀山。計駐於九龍者，凡十閱月焉。有宋一代，邊患迭興，西夏而外，抗遼、抗金、抗元，無寧歲。洎夫末葉，顛沛蒙塵，暫止於海澨一隅，圖匡復興。後此厓山，君臣所踐履者，同為九州南盡之一寸宋土，供後人憑弔而已。石刻宜稱「皇」，其作「王」，實沿元修《宋史》之謬，於本紀附二王，致誤今名。是園曰「宋皇臺公園」，園前大道曰「宋皇臺道」，皆作「皇」，正名也。方端宗之流離播越也，宗室隨而南者甚眾，後乃散居各邑，趙氏譜牒，彰彰可稽。
抑又聞之聖山之西南有二王殿村，以端宗偕弟衛王昺同次其地得名。其北有金夫人墓，相傳為楊太后女，晉國公主，先溺於水，至是鑄金身以葬者。西北之侯王廟，則東莞陳伯陶碑文疑為楊太后弟亮節道死葬此，土人立廟以祀昭忠也。至白鶴山之遊仙巖畔，有交椅石，據故老傳聞，端宗嘗設行朝以此為御座雲。是皆有關斯臺史蹟，因幷及之，以備考證。
一九五七年歲次丁酉冬月，新會簡又文撰文，台山趙超書丹。而選材監刻，力助建碑，復刊行專集，以長留紀念者，則香港趙族宗親總會也。
— 一九五九年香港政府立石
英文版碑文如下：
SUNG WONG TOI
SUNG WONG TOI, or Terrace of the Sung Emperor, was originally situated on the western shore of Kowloon Bay. The small mount there was known as the Sacred Hill, and on its summit there was a great rock. During the Yuan Dynasty the three characters "Sung Wong Toi" were engraved horizontally upon the western face of this rock. Later a further seven characters were added vertically, recording that repairs had been carried out in 1807 A.D., in the Ting Mau year of the Ching Emperor Ka Hing.
In 1915, Professor Lai Chai-hei (Better known as Lai Chi-hsi) of the University of Hong Kong appealed to the Hong Kong Government to reserve forever this area and this Terrace. Mr. Li Sui-kam, a leading Hong Kong citizen, lent his support and paid for the erection of an encircling stone balustrade. When the Japanese armed forces occupied Hong Kong in 1941-5 and enlarged the airport, they blasted the great rock which broke into three. One part retained the original inscription intact.
After the liberation in 1945, the Hong Kong Government held to its former desire to preserve this ancient monument. A park was created to the south-west of the airfield, about three hundred feet from the site of the original Sung Wong Toi, and the inscribed rock was dressed and placed within that park. This, too, fulfilled a public wish.
Research has shown that, during the Ming and Ching Dynasties, this area was a part of the San On District under the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Kwong Chow. During the Sung Dynasty, this area was part of the Tung Kwun District of the same prefecture, and was known as Kwun Foo Cheung.
When the Sung Emperor Tuen Chung ascended to the throne in Foo Chow, the armies of the Mongols pressed upon him and he fled by sea to Chuen Chow, thence to Chiu Chow and Kap Tsz Mun in Wai Chow. At the beginning of the second year of his reign (1277), the Emperor entered Kwong Chow territory. Thence, in the second moon, he sailed to Mui Wai. In the fourth moon, he landed here at Kwun Foo Cheung and set up his temporary palace near the place now known as the Sung Wong Toi. Some say that the Emperor Tuen Chung from time to time took his rest in a space beneath the great rock, and this legend is given as the reason for the name "Sung Wong Toi".
In the sixth moon of the same year, the Emperor moved to Kwu Tap, and in the ninth moon, to Tsin Wan, which is now known as Tsuen Wan. In the eleventh moon, the Mongol armies attacked, and the Emperor sailed away to Sau Shan, thus having camped in Kowloon for about ten months.
Throughout the Sung Dynasty, foreign invasions frequently occurred in almost every year. There was war against not only the Tangut, but also in turn the invading Khitan, Nüchen, and Mongols. At the close of the Sung Dynasty, the Emperor himself had to flee and seek refuge by the shores of the sea, from where he endeavoured to secure the restoration of his Empire. But this mound and this spot commemorate one of the last portions of Sung territory on which the Emperor stood.
The character "Wong" on the great rock should be that for "Emperor" and not the character for "King". The mistake was first made in the Yuan (Mongol) official history of the Sung Dynasty, where it was recorded that there were two Kings. Now this park is called the "Garden of the Sung Emperor's Terrace" and the road before it is named the "Sung Emperor's Terrace Road". This use of the title "Emperor" is correct.
When the Emperor Tuen Chung fled to the South, many of his clansmen followed him. Later they scattered and settled in various districts. The ancestral records of the Chiu clan confirm this.
It is said that, to the south-west of the Sung Wong Toi, there was once a villaged called "The Two King's Palace", which was so named because of the Emperor Tuen Chung and his brother, Wai Wong Ping, who succeeded him, visited that village together. To the north, there was the tomb of the Lady Kam. It is recorded that the Princess of Chun, daughter of the Queen Mother Yeung, was drowned nearby and a golden image of her was buried in that tomb. To the north-west is the Temple of Hau Wong. A tablet erected by Mr. Chan Pak-to of Tung Kwun District puts forward the theory that Yeung Leung-chit, brother of the Queen Mother, was buried at this spot and that the local people built the temple in memory of his loyalty. There is also a stone called the "Armchair Stone" near Yau Sin Ngam on the White Crane Mountain. A story tells how the Emperor occasionally established his court there, using the stone as his temporary throne. All these legends connected with the history of the Sung Wong Toi, are recorded here to facilitate further research.
In 1957, during the winter of the Ting Mau year, Mr. Kan Yau-man of San Wui composed the original Chinese text of this record, which was inscribed by Mr. Chiu Chiu of Toi Shan for engraving. The Chiu Clansmen's Association of Hong Kong, besides publishing a special book in commemoration of this historic spot, assisted in selecting the stone and supervising the preparation of these memorial tablets.
— Erected by the Government of Hong Kong, 1959.
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九龍宋皇臺遺址碑記中文版碑文 -
石碑頂部二龍爭珠石刻 -
英文版碑文
交通
港鐵在2017年11月27日公佈位於馬頭涌的屯馬綫車站將命名為宋皇臺站[5]，該站已於2021年6月27日通車。 巴士站名為「宋皇臺公園（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）」。
參見
註釋
參考資料
外部連結
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