蛋白质通常与其他蛋白质进行复杂的相互作用,并且功能相关的蛋白质通常表现出类似的进化路径[65][69]。 一个可能的解释是共同适应[65]。 线粒体 DNA 和核 DNA 编码的蛋白质之间的相互作用就是一个例子。线粒体 DNA 比核 DNA 具有更高的演化/突变率,特别是在特定编码区域[68][69]。 然而,为了维持生理功能,选择功能上会相互作用的蛋白质,亦即选择共同适应的核 DNA 是更为有利的[68]。
线粒体 DNA 和核 DNA 序列之间的协同适应已在桡足类生物 Tigriopus californicus 中进行了研究[68] 。 该物种同种族群中 COII 编码序列的线粒体 DNA 差异很大[68]。 当一个群体的线粒体 DNA 置于另一个群体的核背景中时,细胞色素c氧化酶活性显著降低,表明存在共同适应。 结果显示线粒体 DNA 的变异与环境因素之间不太可能存在关系。 更可能的解释是线粒体 DNA 的中性演化,以及由线粒体 DNA 的中性演化驱动的核 DNA 的补偿性变化(孤立群体中随时间推移的随机突变)[68]。
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