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Òmìnira ilẹ̀ Áfríkà jẹ́ ǹkan tí ó ṣẹlẹ̀ láàrin àwọn ọdún 1950s sí 1975 nígbà Cold War, tí ọ̀pọ̀lopọ̀ orílẹ̀ èdè sì gba òmìnira. Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ yìí ló mú wàhálà àti àìsimin dání, díè nínú wọn ni Mau Mau rebellion ní British Kenya, Algerian War ní French Algeria, Congo Crisis ní Belgian Congo, Angolan War of Independence ní Portuguese Angola, Zanzibar Revolution ní Sultanate of Zanzibar, àti Ogun Abele Nàìjíríà tí Biafra àti ìjọba Nàìjíríà jà.[1][2][3][4][5]
Tábìlì yí sọ bí àwọn orílẹ̀ èdè méjìdínlógọ́ta ṣe gba òmìnira.
Ìtò | Orílẹ̀-èdè [lower-alpha 1] | Orúkọ wọn nígbà ìsìnrú | Orílẹ̀-èdè akónilẹ́rú [lower-alpha 2] | Ọjọ́ tí wọ́n gba òmìnira [lower-alpha 3] | Adarí àkọ́kọ́[lower-alpha 4] | Bí wọ́n ṣe gba òmìnira |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Liberia | Liberia | United States | 26 July 1847[lower-alpha 5] | Joseph Jenkins Roberts[lower-alpha 6] William Tubman | Liberian Declaration of Independence |
2 | South Africa[lower-alpha 7] | Cape Colony Colony of Natal Orange River Colony Àdàkọ:Country data Transvaal Colony Transvaal Colony | United Kingdom | 31 May 1910[lower-alpha 8] | Louis Botha | South Africa Act 1909 |
3 | Egypt[lower-alpha 9] | Sultanate of Egypt | 28 February 1922[lower-alpha 10] | Fuad I[lower-alpha 11] | Egyptian revolution of 1919 | |
4 | Àdàkọ:Country data Ethiopian Empire Ethiopian Empire | Italian East Africa | Italy United Kingdom |
31 January 1942 19 December 1944 |
Haile Selassie | Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement (East African campaign) |
Eritrea | Italian Eritrea | Italy[lower-alpha 12] | 10 February 1947[lower-alpha 13] | Haile Selassie[lower-alpha 14] | Eritrean War of Independence | |
5 | Emirate of Cyrenaica | British Military Administration | United Kingdom | 1 March 1949 | Idris | |
5 | United Kingdom of Libya | British Military Administration Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory Emirate of Cyrenaica | United Kingdom France Emirate of Cyrenaica |
24 December 1951 | Western Desert campaign | |
5 | Libya[lower-alpha 15] | Italian Libya[lower-alpha 16] | Italy United Kingdom | 24 December 1951 | Idris | Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 U.N. General Assembly Resolution 289[7] |
6 | Sudan | Anglo-Egyptian Sudan | United Kingdom[lower-alpha 17] Egypt | 1 January 1956[lower-alpha 18] | Ismail al-Azhari[lower-alpha 19] | -[lower-alpha 20] |
7 | South Sudan | |||||
8 | Tunisia[lower-alpha 21] | French Tunisia | France United Kingdom | 20 March 1956 | Muhammad VIII al-Amin Habib Bourguiba | -[lower-alpha 22] |
9 | Morocco | French Morocco Tangier International Zone Spanish Morocco Spanish West Africa Ifni | France Spain | 2 March 1956[lower-alpha 23] 7 April 1956 10 April 1958 4 January 1969 14 November 1975 27 February 1976 | Mohammed V | Ifni War |
10 | Ghana[lower-alpha 24] | Gold Coast | United Kingdom | 6 March 1957[lower-alpha 25] | Kwame Nkrumah[lower-alpha 26] | 1956 Gold Coast general election |
11 | Guinea | Àdàkọ:Country data French West Africa | France | 2 October 1958 | Ahmed Sékou Touré | 1958 Guinean constitutional referendum |
12 | Cameroon | Kamerun French Cameroon British Cameroon | German Empire France United Kingdom | 4 March 1916 1 January 1960[lower-alpha 27] 1 October 1961 | Karl Ebermaier Ahmadou Ahidjo John Ngu Foncha | -[lower-alpha 28] |
13 | Togo | French Togoland | France | 27 April 1960 | Sylvanus Olympio | - |
14 | Mali | French West Africa | 20 June 1960[lower-alpha 29] | Modibo Keïta | - | |
15 | Senegal | Léopold Sédar Senghor | - | |||
16 | Madagascar[lower-alpha 30] | French Madagascar | 26 June 1960 | Philibert Tsiranana | -[lower-alpha 31] | |
17 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgian Congo | Belgium | 30 June 1960 | Joseph Kasa-Vubu | Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference[lower-alpha 33] |
18 | Somalia[lower-alpha 34] | Àdàkọ:Country data British Somaliland Trust Territory of Somaliland | United Kingdom Italy | 26 June 1960 1 July 1960[lower-alpha 35] | Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal Aden Adde |
- |
19 | Republic of Dahomey | Republic of Dahomey Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá |
France Portugal |
1 August 1960 31 July 1961[9] |
Hubert Maga | |
19 | Benin[lower-alpha 36] | Àdàkọ:Country data French West Africa | France | 1 August 1960 | Hubert Maga | - |
20 | Niger | 3 August 1960 | Hamani Diori | - | ||
21 | Burkina Faso | 5 August 1960 | Maurice Yaméogo | - | ||
22 | Ivory Coast | 7 August 1960 | Félix Houphouët-Boigny | - | ||
23 | Chad | Àdàkọ:Country data French Equatorial Africa | 11–12 August 1960 | François Tombalbaye | - | |
24 | Central African Republic | 13 August 1960 | David Dacko | - | ||
25 | Republic of the Congo | 14–15 August 1960 | Fulbert Youlou | - | ||
26 | Gabon | 16–17 August 1960 | Léon M'ba | - | ||
27 | Nigeria | Colonial Nigeria British Cameroon | United Kingdom | 1 October 1960 1 June 1961 1 October 1961[lower-alpha 38] | Nnamdi Azikiwe | - |
28 | Mauritania | Àdàkọ:Country data French West Africa | France | 28 November 1957 28 November 1960 | Moktar Ould Daddah | - |
29 | Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate | United Kingdom | 27 April 1961 | Milton Margai | - |
30 | Àdàkọ:Country data Tanganyika (1961–1964)[lower-alpha 39] | Àdàkọ:Country data Tanganyika Territory | 9 December 1961 | Julius Nyerere | - | |
31 | Burundi[lower-alpha 40] | Àdàkọ:Country data German East Africa Ruanda-Urundi | Germany Belgium | 1 July 1919 1 July 1962 | Mwambutsa IV of Burundi | - |
32 | Rwanda | Yuhi V Musinga Grégoire Kayibanda | Rwandan Revolution | |||
33 | Algeria | French Algeria | France | 5 July 1962 | Ahmed Ben Bella[lower-alpha 41] | Algerian War Évian Accords |
34 | Uganda | Protectorate of Uganda | United Kingdom | 9 October 1962 | Milton Obote | - |
35 | Kenya | British East Africa | 12 December 1963[lower-alpha 42] | Jomo Kenyatta[lower-alpha 26] | -[lower-alpha 43] | |
36 | Sultanate of Zanzibar[lower-alpha 39] | Sultanate of Zanzibar | 10 December 1963 | Jamshid bin Abdullah | -[lower-alpha 44] | |
37 | Malawi | Àdàkọ:Country data Nyasaland | 6 July 1964[lower-alpha 45] | Hastings Banda[lower-alpha 26] | - | |
38 | Zambia | Àdàkọ:Country data Northern Rhodesia | 24 October 1964 | Kenneth Kaunda | - | |
39 | The Gambia | Gambia Colony and Protectorate | 18 February 1965[lower-alpha 46] | Dawda Jawara[lower-alpha 26] | - | |
40 | Àdàkọ:Country data Rhodesia Zimbabwe | Àdàkọ:Country data Southern Rhodesia | 11 November 1965[lower-alpha 47] | Ian Smith | Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence | |
41 | Botswana | Bechuanaland Protectorate | 30 September 1960 – 1966[lower-alpha 48] | Seretse Khama | - | |
42 | Lesotho | Basutoland | 4 October 1966 | Leabua Jonathan[lower-alpha 49] | - | |
43 | Mauritius | Mauritius | 12 March 1968 | Seewoosagur Ramgoolam | - | |
44 | Eswatini | Swaziland | 6 September 1968 | Sobhuza II | - | |
45 | Equatorial Guinea | Spanish Guinea | Spain | 12 October 1968 | Francisco Macías Nguema | - |
46 | Guinea-Bissau | Portuguese Guinea | Portugal | 24 September 1973 10 September 1974 (recognised) 5 July 1975[lower-alpha 50] | Luís Cabral João Bernardo Vieira Aristides Pereira Pedro Pires | Guinea-Bissau War of Independence |
47 | Mozambique[lower-alpha 51] | Portuguese Mozambique | 25 June 1975 | Samora Machel | Mozambican War of Independence | |
48 | Cape Verde | Portuguese Cape Verde | 5 July 1975 | Aristides Pereira[lower-alpha 52] | Guinea-Bissau War of Independence[lower-alpha 53] | |
49 | Comoros | French Comoros | France | 6 July 1975 | Ahmed Abdallah | 1974 Comorian independence referendum |
50 | São Tomé and Príncipe | Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe | Portugal | 12 July 1975 | Manuel Pinto da Costa | - |
51 | Angola[lower-alpha 54] | Portuguese Angola | 11 November 1975 | Agostinho Neto | Angolan War of Independence | |
52 | Seychelles | Crown Colony of the Seychelles | United Kingdom | 29 June 1976 | James Mancham | - |
53 | Djibouti | French Territory of the Afars and the Issas | France | 27 June 1977 | Hassan Gouled Aptidon | 1977 Afars and Issas independence referendum |
54 | Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[lower-alpha 55] | Spanish Sahara Southern Provinces Western Tiris
| Spain Morocco Mauritania |
27 February 1976 independence not yet effectuated | El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed Mohamed Abdelaziz | Western Sahara War Western Sahara conflict |
55 | Namibia | Àdàkọ:Country data South West Africa | South Africa | October 27, 1966 (de jure)[11] 21 March 1990 |
Sam Nujoma | U.N. Security Council Resolution 269
South African Border War |
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