Ruthenium

Ruthenium, ₄₄Ru

Ruthenium
Pípè	/ruːˈθiːniəm/ ​(roo-THEE-nee-əm)
Ìhànsójú	silvery white metallic
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Ru)	101.07(2)[1]
Ruthenium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Fe ↑ Ru ↓ Os technetium ← ruthenium → rhodium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	44
Ẹgbẹ́	group 8
Àyè	àyè 5
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-d
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Transition metal
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-phase
Ìgbà ìyọ́	2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
Ígbà ìhó	4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)	12.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	38.59 kJ/mol
Heat of	591.6 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, 0, +1,[2] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.3
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	146±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of ruthenium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal
Speed of sound thin rod	5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	117 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	71 n Ω·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[3]
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Shear modulus	173 GPa
Bulk modulus	220 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	6.5
Brinell hardness	2160 MPa
CAS Number	7440-18-8
Main isotopes of ruthenium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 96Ru 5.52% 96Ru is stable with 52 neutrons 97Ru syn 2.9 d ε - 97Tc γ 0.215, 0.324 - 98Ru 1.88% 98Ru is stable with 54 neutrons 99Ru 12.7% 99Ru is stable with 55 neutrons 100Ru 12.6% 100Ru is stable with 56 neutrons 101Ru 17.0% 101Ru is stable with 57 neutrons 102Ru 31.6% 102Ru is stable with 58 neutrons 103Ru syn 39.26 d β− 0.226 103Rh γ 0.497 - 104Ru 18.7% 104Ru is stable with 60 neutrons 106Ru syn 373.59 d β− 3.54 106Rh
Àdàkọ:Category-inline wo ọ̀rọ̀ àtúnṣe | references

Itokasi

1. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.