Gadolinium

Gadolinium, ₆₄Gd

Gadolinium
Pípè	/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ ​(GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm)
Ìhànsójú	silvery white
Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Gd)	157.25(3)[1]
Gadolinium ní orí tábìlì àyè
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson - ↑ Gd ↓ Cm europium ← gadolinium → terbium
Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z)	64
Ẹgbẹ́	group n/a
Àyè	àyè 6
Àdìpọ̀	Àdìpọ̀-f
Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì	Lanthanide
Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Àwọn ohun ìní ara
Ìfarahàn at STP	solid
Ìgbà ìyọ́	1585 K ​(1312 °C, ​2394 °F)
Ígbà ìhó	3546 K ​(3273 °C, ​5923 °F)
Kíki (near r.t.)	7.90 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.4 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.05 kJ/mol
Heat of	301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	37.03 J/(mol·K)
pressure (calculated) P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0,[2] +1, +2, +3 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.20
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of gadolinium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal
Speed of sound thin rod	2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	(100 °C) (α, poly) 9.4 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	10.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (α, poly) 1.310 µ Ω·m
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic/paramagnetic transition at 292 K[3]
Young's modulus	(α form) 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	(α form) 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	(α form) 37.9 GPa
Poisson ratio	(α form) 0.259
Vickers hardness	570 MPa
CAS Number	7440-54-2
Main isotopes of gadolinium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 152Gd 0.20% 1.08×1014 y α 2.205 148Sm 154Gd 2.18% 154Gd is stable with 90 neutrons 155Gd 14.80% 155Gd is stable with 91 neutrons 156Gd 20.47% 156Gd is stable with 92 neutrons 157Gd 15.65% 157Gd is stable with 93 neutrons 158Gd 24.84% 158Gd is stable with 94 neutrons 160Gd 21.86% >1.3×1021y β−β− 1.7 160Dy
Àdàkọ:Category-inline wo ọ̀rọ̀ àtúnṣe | references

Itokasi

1. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.
3. Charles Kittel (1996). Introduction to Solid State Physics. New York: Wiley. p. 449.