Libya
charu cha ufumu kumpoto kwa Afilika / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Libya (/ˈlɪbiə/ (pulikizgani machemelo); Arabic: ليبيا, romanized: Lībiyā, pronounced [liː.bi.jæː]), mwalamulo Boma la Libya (Arabic: دولة ليبيا, romanized: Dawlat Lībiyā),[6][7][8][9]ni chalo icho chili mu chigaŵa cha Maghreb ku Northern Africa. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na Nyanja ya Meditereniyani kumpoto, Eguputo kumafumiro gha dazi, Sudan kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, Chad kumwera, Niger kumwera kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi, Algeria kumanjiliro gha dazi, na Tunisia kumpoto kwa kumanjiliro gha dazi. Libiya lili na vigaŵa vitatu: Tripolitania, Fezzan, na Cyrenaica. Charu ichi chili na malo ghakukwana 1.8 million km2 (700,000 sq mi), ndipo ni charu chachinayi pa vyaru vikuruvikuru mu Africa na vyaru vya Arabia.[10] Libiya ndilo lili na mafuta ghanandi comene kuluska vyaru vinyake pa caru cose.[11] Msumba ukuru comene wa Tripoli uli kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Libya, ndipo uli na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 1 miliyoni pa ŵanthu 7 miliyoni awo ŵakukhala mu caru ici.[12]
Boma la Libya (State of Libya)
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Nyimbo: ليبيا ليبيا ليبيا "Libya, Libya, Libya" |
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Location of Libya (dark green) in northern Africa
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Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Tripoli[1]
32°52′N 13°11′E | |||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | Arabic[b] | |||||
Local vernacular | Libyan Arabic | |||||
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2017) |
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Vipembezo | 99.7% Islam (official) 0.3% Others |
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Mwenecharu | Libyan | |||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary provisional unity government | |||||
- | Chairman of the Presidential Council | Mohamed al-Menfi | ||||
- | Vice Chairman of the Presidential Council | Musa Al-Koni | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (disputed)[n 1] | ||||
- | Speaker of the House of Representatives | Aguila Saleh Issa | ||||
Independence from Italy | ||||||
- | Independence declared | 10 February 1947 | ||||
- | Kingdom established | 24 December 1951 | ||||
- | Coup d'état by Muammar Gaddafi | 1 September 1969 | ||||
- | Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 2 March 1977 | ||||
- | NATO-Backed Civil War | 17 February 2011 | ||||
- | End of Second Libyan Civil War | 23 October 2020 | ||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
- | Malo | 1,759,541 km2 (16th) 679,359 sq mi |
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Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
- | 2022 estimate | 7,054,493[3] (104th) | ||||
- | 2006 census | 5,670,688 | ||||
- | Density | 3.74/km2 (218th) 9.2/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $168.371 billion[4] (81st) | ||||
- | Per capita | $24,599[4] (69th) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $46.297 billion[4] (96th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $6,764[4] (93rd) | ||||
HDI (2021) | 0.718[5] high ·104th |
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Ndalama | Libyan dinar (LYD ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | EET (UTC+2) | |||||
Woko la galimoto | right | |||||
Intaneti yacharu | .ly ليبيا. |
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a. | ^ United Nations note concerning official name: "Following the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 66/1, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations of a Declaration by the National Transitional Council of 3 August changing the official name of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to "Libya" and changing Libya's national flag." | |||||
b. | ^ The official language is simply identified as "Arabic" (Constitutional Declaration, article 1). | |||||
c. | ^ The UK and France held a joint condominium over Libya through the United Nations Trusteeship Council. |
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Berber ndiwo ŵakakhalanga mu charu cha Libya kwambira mu nyengo ya Bronze.[13]Mu nyengo yakale, Ŵafoinike ŵakakhazikiska misumba na malo ghakuguliskirako vinthu kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Libya, apo Ŵagiriki ŵakakhazikiska misumba yinandi kumafumiro gha dazi. Vigaŵa vinyake vya ku Libya vikaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Carthage, Peresiya, na Girisi pambere chigaŵa chose ichi chindaŵe pasi pa Ufumu wa Roma. Ku Libya ndiko Ŵakhristu ŵakambira. Ufumu wa Ŵaroma ukati wawa, ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya ndiwo ŵakamba kuwukira charu ichi. Kufuma pa nyengo iyi, ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vya ku Maghreb ŵakamba kusamira ku vyaru vinyake. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1500 C.E., ufumu wa Spain na gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa St. John ŵakamba kulamulira Tripoli m'paka mu 1551, apo ufumu wa Ottoman ukamba kulamulira. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1700 na 1800, ku Libya kukacitika Nkhondo za ku Barbary. Boma la Ottoman likalutilira mpaka apo nkhondo ya ku Italy na Turkey yikambira, ndipo ku Italy kukaŵa vyaru viŵiri, Tripolitania na Cyrenaica (1911-1934), ivyo pamanyuma vikaŵa vyaru viŵiri.
Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose, ku Libya kukaŵa nkhondo ya ku North Africa. Kufuma apo, ŵanthu ŵa ku Italy ŵakamba kuchepa. Mu 1951, charu cha Libya chikajiyimira paŵekha. Mu 1969, gulu la ŵasilikari ilo likalongozgekanga na Muammar Gaddafi likawuskapo fumu Idris I na kupanga charu chiphya.[14]Kanandi ŵanthu ŵakususka ŵakamuzunuranga kuti ni muwusi wankhongono, ndipo wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵalongozgi awo ŵakateŵetera kwa nyengo yitali comene pa caru cose, ndipo wakawusa kwa vilimika 42.[15] Wakalongozga mpaka apo wakathereskeka na kukomeka mu Nkhondo ya ku Libya mu 2011 mu nyengo ya Arab Spring, na mazaza ghakusamukira ku National Transitional Council kufuma apo ku General National Congress. Mu 2014, maboma ghaŵiri ghakati ghakukhumba kuwusa Libya, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe nkhondo yaciŵiri, ndipo vigaŵa vinyake vya Libya vikagaŵikana pakati pa maboma gha ku Tobruk na Tripoli, kweniso magulu ghakupambanapambana gha mafuko na gha chisopa ca Islam. Vyaru viŵiri ivi vikalembeska phangano la kuleka nkhondo mu 2020, ndipo boma la umoza likamba kunozga vyakusankha vya demokilase. Kweni chifukwa cha kulimbana kwa ndyali, ivi vikulutilira kunangika.
Libiya lili mu wupu wa United Nations, Movement of Non-Aligned, African Union, Arab League, OIC na OPEC. Chisopa cha boma ni Chisilamu, ndipo 96.6% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Libya mba Chisilamu. Chiarabu ndicho ni chiyowoyero cha boma ku Libya. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chiarabu cha ku Libya.[16]