Afilika
chilwa chakusangika pa charu chapasi cha kumpoto na kummwela / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chilwa cha Afilika ndicho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene pa charu chose chapasi. Chigaŵa ichi chili na malo ghakukwana makilomita pafupifupi 30.300,000, kusazgapo virwa vinyake.[7] Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 1.4 biliyoni[1][2] Kufika chaka cha 2021, chiŵelengero ichi chikaŵa pafupifupi 18% pa ŵanthu wose pa caru capasi. Ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ndiwo mbaciwukirano comene pa vyaru vyose;[8][9] mu 2012, ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na vyaka vyapakati pa 19.7 na 30.4 pa charu chose.[10] Nangauli charu cha Africa chili na usambazi unandi chomene, kweni chili na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene pa charu chose chapasi. Ŵasayansi ŵakuti vinthu ivi vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵambenge kusuzgika maghanoghano,[11]chikoloni, Nkhondo Yakuzizima,[12][13] Nkhondo ya ku caru ciphya, kusowa kwa demokilase, na vimbundi.Nangauli usambazi uli kupangika makora yayi, kweni chifukwa cha kusazgikira kwa vinthu mu vyaru ivi, kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi awo mbawukirano, charu cha Africa ni msika wakuzirwa pa caru cose.
Area | 30,370,000 km2 (11,730,000 sq mi) (2nd) |
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Population | 1,393,676,444[1][2] (2021; 2nd) |
Population density | 46.1/km2 (119.4/sq mi) (2021) |
GDP (PPP) | $8.05 trillion (2022 est; 4th)[3] |
GDP (nominal) | $2.96 trillion (2022 est; 5th)[4] |
GDP per capita | $2,180 (Nominal; 2022 est; 6th)[5] |
Religions |
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Demonym | African |
Countries | 54+2*+5** (*disputed) (**territories) |
Dependencies | External (5)
Bouvet Island
British Indian Ocean Territory French Southern Territories Heard Island and McDonald Islands Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha |
Languages | 1250–3000 native languages |
Time zones | UTC-1 to UTC+4 |
Largest cities | Largest urban areas: |
Charu ichi chili kuzingilizgika na Nyanja ya Mediterranean kumpoto, Suez Isthmus na Nyanja Yiswesi kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi, Indian Ocean kumwera kwa kumafumiro gha dazi na Atlantic Ocean kumanjiliro gha dazi. Charu ichi chili na vyaru vinandi nga ni Madagascar. Mu vyaru ivi muli vyaru 54 ivyo vili na mazaza, vigaŵa 8, na vyaru viŵiri vyambura mazaza. Charu cha Algeria ndicho ntchikuru chomene pa vyaru vyose vya mu Africa. Vyaru vya mu Africa vikukolerana pakuzenga wupu wa African Union, uwo uli na ofesi yake yikuru mu Addis Ababa.
Charu cha Africa chili pafupi na equator na prime meridian. Ni caru cimoza pera ico cili kufuma kumpoto kukafika kumwera.[14] Chigaŵa chikuru cha charu ichi chili kumpoto kwa charu, ndipo chigaŵa chikuru chili kumwera kwa charu. Chigaŵa chikuru cha charu ichi chili mu vigaŵa vyakututuka, kupaturako chigaŵa chikuru cha Western Sahara, Algeria, Libya, na Egypt, kumpoto kwa Mauritania, na vigaŵa vyose vya Morocco, Ceuta, Melilla, na Tunisia ivyo vili pachanya pa chigaŵa cha Cancer, kumpoto kwa chigaŵa chakututuka. Ku chigaŵa chinyake cha charu ichi, kumwera kwa Namibia, kumwera kwa Botswana, vigaŵa vinandi vya South Africa, vigaŵa vyose vya Lesotho na Eswatini, kweniso kumwera kwa Mozambique na Madagascar, vili kusi kwa malo ghakuchemeka Tropic of Capricorn.
Ku Africa kuli vyamoyo vinandi chomene, ndipo kuli vyamoyo vinandi chomene. Ndipouli, mu vyaru vya ku Africa muli masuzgo ghakupambanapambana, nga ni kuzgoka mapopa, kukomeka kwa makuni, kusoŵa maji, na kunangika kwa vinthu. Vinthu ivi vikwenera kulutilira kutikhuŵazga chomene chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Wupu wa United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (UNIPCC) ukati Africa ni caru ico cikusuzgika comene na kusintha kwa nyengo.[15][16]
Mbiri ya Africa njitali, njakusuzga kuyipulikiska, ndipo kanandi ŵanthu ŵakutondeka kuyizirwiska. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti ŵanthu ŵakafuma ku Africa, chomenechomene ku East Africa. Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira na ŵasekuru ŵawo ŵakaŵako vyaka pafupifupi 7 miliyoni ivyo vyajumpha, kusazgapo Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis na H. ergaster. Vinthu vyakwambilira ivyo vikukhalira vya ŵanthu ŵa Homo sapiens (ŵanthu ŵa mazuŵa ghano) ivyo vikusangika ku Ethiopia, South Africa, na Morocco, vikaŵako vyaka pafupifupi 233,000, 259,000, na 300,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵasayansi ŵakuwona kuti mu Africa ndimo muli vyamoyo vyakupambanapambana chifukwa ndiko ŵanthu ŵakukhala nyengo yitali chomene.[17][18][19]
Ŵanthu ŵakwambilira, nga ni Ŵaeguputo na Carthage, ŵakafuma ku North Africa. Kufuma apo, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasamira mu vyaru vinyake na kusama. Mu vyaka 400 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵamba kukhwaska chomene caru ici. Kwambira mu ma 1500 C.E., ŵanthu ŵakendanga chomene mu vyaru vya ku America chifukwa cha malonda, kusazgapo malonda gha ŵazga. Kwambira kuumaliro wa m'ma 1800 m'paka kukwambilira kwa m'ma 1900, vyaru vya ku Europe vikamba kulamulira pafupifupi charu chose cha Africa. Vyaru vinandi ivyo vilipo sono mu Africa vikafuma mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pasi pa maboma gha vyaru vinyake pamanyuma pa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose.[20]