Egypt
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Egypt (Arabic: مصر Miṣr [mesˁr], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤr]), panji kuti Arab Republic of Egypt, ni charu icho chili kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa na kumwera kwa Asia. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na Nyanja ya Meditereniyani kumpoto, Gaza na Israyeli kumpoto kwa kumafumiro gha dazi, Nyanja Yiswesi kumafumiro gha dazi, Sudan kumwera, na Libya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mlonga wa Aqaba, uwo uli kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi, ukupatura Eguputo na Jordan na Saudi Arabia. Cairo ni msumba ukuru wa Eguputo, ndipo msumba waciŵiri ukuru comene ni Alexandria.[13] Ku Eguputo kuli ŵanthu pafupifupi 100 miliyoni. Ili ni charu cha nambara 14 pa vyaru vyose pa charu chapasi, ndipo ni lachitatu pa vyaru vya mu Africa.
Charu cha Egypt جمهورية مصر العربية
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Nyimbo: "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady" "بلادى، بلادى، بلادى" (English: "My country, my country, my country") |
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Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Cairo | |||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | Arabic | |||||
National language | Egyptian Arabic[a] | |||||
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu | {{{ethnic_groups}}} | |||||
Vipembezo | See Religion in Egypt | |||||
Mwenecharu | Egyptian | |||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary semi-presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Moustafa Madbouly | ||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||
- | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
Establishment | ||||||
- | Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt[1][2][b] |
c. 3150 BC | ||||
- | Muhammad Ali dynasty inaugurated | 9 July 1805[3] | ||||
- | Independence from United Kingdom |
28 February 1922 | ||||
- | Revolution Day | 23 July 1952 | ||||
- | Republic declared | 18 June 1953 | ||||
- | Current constitution | 18 January 2014 | ||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
- | Malo | 1,010,408[4][5] km2 (29th) 387,048 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 0.632 | ||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
- | 2023 estimate | 104,635,983[6] (14th) | ||||
- | 2017 census | 94,798,827[7][8] | ||||
- | Density | 103.56/km2 (118th) 270.34/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $1.8 trillion[9] (18th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $16,980[9] (93rd) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $378.110 billion[9] (41st) | ||||
- | Per capita | $3,644[9] (128th) | ||||
Gini (2017) | 31.5[10] medium |
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HDI (2021) | 0.731[11] high ·97th |
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Ndalama | Egyptian pound (LE/E£/£E) (EGP ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | EGY (UTC+2[c]) | |||||
- | Summer (DST) | (UTC+3) | ||||
Woko la galimoto | right | |||||
Intaneti yacharu |
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a. | ^ Literary Arabic is the sole official language.[12] Egyptian Arabic is the spoken language. Other dialects and minority languages are spoken regionally. | |||||
b. | ^ "Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation".[1] Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. | |||||
c. | ^ See Daylight saving time in Egypt. |
Charu cha Eguputo chili na mbiri yakale chomene kuluska charu chilichose. Ku Eguputo kukaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakalembanga, kulima, kukhazikika mu misumba, kusopa, na boma.[14]Vinthu vyakuzirwa nga ni Giza Necropolis na Great Sphinx, kweniso mabwinja gha Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, na Valley of the Kings, vikulongora kuti vinthu ivi ni vyaunenesko. Charu cha Egypt chili na mitheto yinandi iyo yikulongora kuti chili pa malo ghapadera chomene pa charu chose chapasi.[15]Charu cha Egypt chikaŵa chakwamba na chakuzirwa chomene pa Chikhristu, kweni chikazgoka Chisilamu mu virimika vya m'ma 700 C.E. ndipo chikulutilira kuŵa na visopa vinandi vya Chisilamu.
Charu cha Egypt chikamba kulamulira mu 1922 apo chikafwatuka ku ufumu wa Britain. Pamanyuma pa kugaluka kwa mu 1952, Eguputo wakajizgora yekha charu cha Republic, ndipo mu 1958, chikaŵa pamoza na Syria. Mu hafu yaciŵiri ya vilimika vya m'ma 1900, caru ca Egupto cikasuzgika cifukwa ca nkhondo za pa caru cose, za cisopa, na za ndyali. Mu 1978, Eguputo wakalemba mapangano gha Camp David, ndipo wakaleka nadi kuwukira Gaza na kuzomerezga Israyeli. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka kufuma apo ku Eguputo kukambira vivulupi mu 2011, ndipo Hosni Mubarak wakathereskeka, mu charu ichi mukaŵa masuzgo gha ndyali. Boma la Egypt, ilo ndilo likulongozgeka na Abdel Fattah el-Sisi kwambira mu 2014, likulongosoreka na ŵanthu ŵanandi kuti ndakuzomerezgeka na boma ndipo likukhozga wanangwa wa ŵanthu.
Chisopa cha Cisilamu ndicho ntchakuzomerezgeka mu Eguputo ndipo Cirabu ndicho ni ciyowoyero cake.[16] Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mumphepete mwa Mlonga wa Nayelo, uwo uli na malo ghakukwana makilomita 40,000. Malo ghakuru gha mu mapopa gha Sahara, agho ghakukwana chigaŵa chikuru cha Eguputo, ghalije ŵanthu ŵanandi. Pafupifupi 43% ya ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu Eguputo ŵakukhala mu matawuni, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu misumba yikuru ya Cairo, Alexandria, na misumba yinyake yikuru mu Nile Delta.
Eguputo wakuwoneka kuti ni ufumu ukuru comene mu vyaru vya kumpoto kwa Africa, Middle East, na mu caru ca Muslim. Charu ichi chili na chuma chakupambanapambana, ndipo ni charu chacitatu pa vyaru vya mu Africa, ca 41 pa vyaru ivyo vili na GDP yikuru, ndipo ca 20 pa vyaru ivyo vili na GDP yikuru pa caru cose. Eguputo ni wupu wa United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Arab League, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation na World Youth Forum.