ସୁନା

ସୁନା (English: Gold;ଗୋଲ୍‌ଡ୍) ଏକ ଘନ, ନରମ, ଦୀପ୍ତିମାନ, ନମନୀୟ, ଓ ତନ୍ୟ ଧାତୁ । ଏହା ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Au (ଲାଟିନ ଅରମ;aurumରୁ ଆସିଛି,ମାନେ 'ସୁର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଦୟର ଦୀପ୍ତି') ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୭୯ ।

Gold,  ₇₉Au

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	gold, Au
Appearance	metallic yellow
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈɡoʊld/
Gold in the periodic table
Ag ↑ Au ↓ Rg platinum ← gold → mercury
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	79
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 11, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (±) (Ar)	196.966569(4)
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	3129 K ​(2856 °C, ​5173 °F)
Density near r.t.	19.30 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of	324 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.418 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1646 1814 2021 2281 2620 3078
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.54
Atomic radius	empirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius	136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius	166 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​lattice face centered cubic [[File:lattice face centered cubic|50px|alt=Lattice face centered cubic crystal structure for gold]]
Speed of sound thin rod	2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	14.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	318 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	22.14 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic[1]
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	27 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.44
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	216 MPa
Brinell hardness	25 HB MPa
CAS Number	7440-57-5
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Middle Easterns (before 6000 BC)
Most stable isotopes of gold
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 195Au syn 186.10 d ε 0.227 195Pt 196Au syn 6.183 d ε 1.506 196Pt β− 0.686 196Hg 197Au 100% 197Au is stable with 118 neutrons 198Au syn 2.69517 d β− 1.372 198Hg 199Au syn 3.169 d β− 0.453 199Hg
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ଆଧାର

1. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Gold www.rsc.org
• Gold at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Getting Gold 1898 book Archived 2016-06-12 at the Wayback Machine., www.lateralscience.co.uk
• Technical Document on Extraction and Mining of Gold, www.epa.gov
• Picture in the Element collection from Heinrich Pniok Archived 2012-10-29 at the Wayback Machine., www.pniok.de