ପ୍ଲୁଟୋନିଅମ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ତେଜସ୍କ୍ରିୟ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Pu ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୯୪ ।
Quick Facts ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ, ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ ...
Plutonium, 94Pu![Two shiny pellets about 3 cm in diameter.](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Plutonium3.jpg/220px-Plutonium3.jpg) |
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ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ | plutonium, Pu |
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Appearance | silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air |
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ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ | ploo-TOH-nee-əm |
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ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z) | 94 |
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ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ | group n/a, f-block |
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ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ | period 7 |
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ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର | actinide |
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ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar) | (244) |
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ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ | [Rn] 5f6 7s2 |
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per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 |
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ଅବସ୍ଥା | solid |
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ଗଳନାଙ୍କ | 912.5 K (639.4 °C, 1182.9 °F) |
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ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ | 3505 K (3228 °C, 5842 °F) |
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Density near r.t. | 19.816 g/cm3 |
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when liquid, at m.p. | 16.63 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 2.82 kJ/mol |
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Heat of | 333.5 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 35.5 J/(mol·K) |
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pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1756 |
1953 |
2198 |
2511 |
2926 |
3499 |
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Oxidation states | 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.28 |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 159 pm |
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Covalent radius | 187±1 pm |
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Crystal structure | monoclinic |
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Speed of sound | 2260 m/s |
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Thermal expansion | 46.7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 6.74 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 1.460 µ Ω·m (at 0 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[1] |
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Young's modulus | 96 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 43 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.21 |
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CAS Number | 7440-07-5 |
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ଆବିଷ୍କାର | Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan (1940–1) |
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iso |
NA |
half-life |
DM |
DE (MeV) |
DP |
238Pu |
trace |
87.74 y |
SF |
204.66[2] |
— |
α |
5.5 |
234U |
239Pu |
100% |
2.41 × 104 y |
SF |
207.06 |
— |
α |
5.157 |
235U |
240Pu |
trace |
6.5 × 103 y |
SF |
205.66 |
— |
α |
5.256 |
236U |
241Pu |
syn |
14 y |
β− |
0.02078 |
241Am |
SF |
210.83 |
— |
242Pu |
trace |
3.73 × 105 y |
SF |
209.47 |
— |
α |
4.984 |
238U |
244Pu |
trace |
8.08 × 107 y |
α |
4.666 |
240U |
SF |
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— |
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| references |
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ଉଇକିମିଡ଼ିଆ କମନ୍ସରେ
Plutonium
ବାବଦରେ ମାଧ୍ୟମ ରହିଛି ।
- Sutcliffe, W.G.; et al. (1995). "A Perspective on the Dangers of Plutonium". Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- Johnson, C.M.; Davis, Z.S. (1997). "Nuclear Weapons: Disposal Options for Surplus Weapons-Usable Plutonium". CRS Report for Congress # 97-564 ENR. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- IEER contributors (2005). "Physical, Nuclear, and Chemical, Properties of Plutonium". IEER. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- Bhadeshia, H. "Plutonium crystallography".
- Samuels, D. (2005). "End of the Plutonium Age". Discover Magazine. 26 (11).
- Pike, J.; Sherman, R. (2000). "Plutonium production". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on September 5, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- Nuclear Weapon Archive contributors. "Plutonium Manufacture and Fabrication". Nuclearweaponarchive.org.
- Ong, C. (1999). "World Plutonium Inventories". Nuclear Files.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- LANL contributors (2000). "Challenges in Plutonium Science". Los Alamos Science. I & II (26). Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- NLM contributors. "Plutonium, Radioactive". NLM Hazardous Substances Databank. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- Alsos contributors. "Annotated Bibliography on plutonium". Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- Chemistry in its element podcast (MP3) from the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World: Plutonium
- Plutonium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)