ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ

ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ (wolfram; ଓଲ୍‌ଫ୍ରାମ୍ ଭାବେ ବି ଜଣା) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ W ଓ ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୭୪ ।

Tungsten,  ₇₄W

ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକ	tungsten, W
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ	/ˈtʌŋstən/ TUNG-stən; /ˈwʊlfrəm/ WUUL-frəm
Tungsten in the periodic table
Mo ↑ W ↓ Sg tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)	74
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକ	group 6, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ	period 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର	transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)	183.84
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[1]
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥା	solid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ	3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ	5828 K ​(5555 °C, ​10031 °F)
Density near r.t.	19.25 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	17.6 g/cm3
Critical point	13892 K,  MPa
Heat of fusion	35.3 kJ/mol
Heat of	806.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 3477 3773 4137 4579 5127 5823
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	(annealed) 4620 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[2]
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430 MPa
Brinell hardness	2570 MPa
CAS Number	7440-33-7
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାର	Torbern Bergman (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Most stable isotopes of tungsten
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 180W 0.12% 1.8×1018 y α 2.516 176Hf 181W syn 121.2 d ε 0.188 181Ta 182W 26.50% >1.7×1020 y α 1.772 178Hf 183W 14.31% >8×1019 y α 1.680 179Hf 184W 30.64% >1.8×1020 y α 1.123 180Hf 185W syn 75.1 d β− 0.433 185Re 186W 28.43% >4.1×1018 y α 1.656 182Hf β−β− - 186Os
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ଆଧାର

1. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Retrieved 2008-06-15.
2. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ

• Properties, Photos, History, MSDS
• Tungsten at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• Picture in the collection from Heinrich Pniok Archived 2010-03-18 at the Wayback Machine.
• Elementymology & Elements Multidict by Peter van der Krogt – Tungsten
• International Tungsten Industry Association