Tradisjonelt svarte læresteder i USA

Tradisjonelt svarte læresteder i USA (engelsk: historically black colleges and universities) er et begrep og en formell organisering av universiteter i USA som åpnet for svarte studenter på en tid da dette ikke var allment vanlig i USA. Enkelte av lærestedene ble startet av svarte akademikere og forretningsmenn, mens de fleste åpnet for svarte på et tidlig tidspunkt som ledd i en liberal strategi, ikke minst like etter borgerkrigen.

Jurtisten William Hooper Council (i midten) startet i 1873 "Colored Normal School at Huntsville", dagens Alabama A&M University.

George Washington Carver, botaniker og landbruksforsker som styrket finansieringen av dagens Tuskegee University.

Booker T. Washington studerte ved dagens Hampton University, var sentral lærer ved Tuskegee Institute, og bidro aktivt til opprettelsen av dagens Grambling State University i Louisiana.

Oakwood University.

Howard University, Founders Library.

Jesse Jackson, tidligere student ved North Carolina A&M University.

Hazel R. O'Leary var USAs første afroamerikanske (og kvinnelige) energiminister, og er idag rektor ved Fisk University.

Barbara Jordan studerte ved Texas Southern University, og ble første kvinnelige, svarte kongressmedlem fra Sørstatene.

Det er 117 tradisjonelt svarte colleger og universiteter i USA, når man inkluderer både offentlige og private læresteder samt community colleges. Læresteder som ble startet etter at svarte som følge av Brown vs Board of Education (1954) fikk universell studieadgang til høyere utdanning i USA i 1965, regnes uansett ikke med blant de historiske svarte lærestedene.

The Higher Education Act of 1965, definerer en HBCU som:

"…any historically black college or university that was established prior to 1964, whose principal mission was, and is, the education of black Americans, and that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association determined by the Secretary [of Education] to be a reliable authority as to the quality of training offered or is, according to such an agency or association, making reasonable progress toward accreditation."^[1]

Historiske svarte colleger og universiteter

Denne listen viser de historiske svarte læresteder i USA, men listen tar ikke med community colleges som holder et lavere faglig og formelt nivå enn høyskoler og universiteter:

Alabama

• Concordia College
• Miles College
• Oakwood University
• Selma University
• Stillman College
• Talladega College
• Tuskegee University
• Alabama A&M University
• Alabama State University

Arkansas

• Arkansas Baptist College
• Philander Smith College
• University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff

Delaware

• Delaware State University

District of Columbia

• Howard University
• University of the District of Columbia

Florida

• Bethune-Cookman University
• Edward Waters College
• Florida Memorial University
• Florida A&M University

Georgia

• Clark Atlanta University
• Interdenominational Theological Center
• Morehouse College
• Morehouse School of Medicine
• Morris Brown College
• Paine College
• Spelman College
• Albany State University
• Fort Valley State University
• Savannah State University

Kentucky

• Kentucky State University

Louisiana

• Dillard University
• Xavier University (New Orleans)
• Grambling State University
• Southern University and A&M College
• Southern University at New Orleans
• Southern University at Shreveport

Maine

• Bates College (ikke offisielt)

Maryland

• Bowie State University
• Coppin State University
• Morgan State University
• University of Maryland Eastern Shore

Michigan

• Lewis College of Business

Mississippi

• Mount Hermon Female Seminary (nedlagt 1924)
• Rust College
• Tougaloo College
• Alcorn State University
• Jackson State University
• Mississippi Valley State University

Missouri

• Harris-Stowe State University
• Lincoln University

Nord-Carolina

• Bennett College (for kvinner)
• Johnson C. Smith University
• Livingstone College
• St. Augustine's College
• Shaw University
• Elizabeth City State University
• Fayetteville State University
• North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
• North Carolina Central University
• Winston-Salem State University

Ohio

• Wilberforce University
• Central State University

Oklahoma

• Langston University

Pennsylvania

• Cheyney University of Pennsylvania
• Lincoln University

Sør-Carolina

• Allen University
• Benedict College
• Claflin University
• Morris College
• Voorhees College
• South Carolina State University

Tennessee

• Fisk University
• Knoxville College
• Lane College
• LeMoyne-Owen College
• Meharry Medical College
• Tennessee State University

Texas

• Bishop College (nedlagt)
• Huston-Tillotson University
• Jarvis Christian College
• Paul Quinn College
• Saint Philip's College
• Southwestern Christian College
• Texas College
• Wiley College
• Prairie View A&M University
• Texas Southern University

US Virgin Islands

• University of the Virgin Islands (Public)

Vest-Virginia

• Bluefield State College
• Storer College (nedlagt 1955)
• West Virginia State University

Virginia

• Hampton University
• Saint Paul's College
• Virginia Union University
• Virginia University of Lynchburg
• Norfolk State University
• Virginia State University

Referanser

1. «HBCUs: A National Resource». White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities. 15. januar 2008. Arkivert fra originalen 13. mai 2008. Besøkt 8. februar 2008.

Eksterne lenker

• The History of HBCUs
• White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities – details about this federal initiative, including its history and recent achievements
• Black College Bands