Philosophia antiqua

Hic commentarius nexus ad philosophiam antiquam perscribit. In philosophia Occidentali, Religio Christiana, per Imperium Romanum orta, philosophiam Hellenisticam finitam philosophiamque mediaevalem inceptum coepit, quandoquidem in philosophia Orientali, religio Islamica, per Imperium Arabicum orta, philosophiam veterem Iranicam finitam primamque philosophiam Islamicam inceptum coepit.

Schola Athenarum, pictura Raphaelis, varios philosophos antiquos Graecos desceptantws depingit.

Introductio

Sincera cogitatio philosophica, notionibus singulis nitens, in multis culturis antiquitate eodem fere tempore orta est. Carolus Jaspers acre progressus philosophici tempus quod circa saeculum septimum ortum circa saeculum 3 a.C.n. finitus est aetatem axialem cogitationis humanae appellavit.

Philosophia Sinica

• Confucianismus.^[1]
• Legalismus
• Taoismus
• Moismus
• Naturalismus, schola Naturalistarum (schola Yin-Yang)^[2]
• Agrarianismus, vel Schola Agrarianismi
• Schola Nominum
• Schola Diplomatiae
• Schola colloquiorum minorum
• Schola miscellanea

Buddhismus in Sinas circa saeculum 1 advenit.

Philosophi

• Taoismus
  • Laocius (老子, saecula 5–4 a.C.n.)
  • Sancius (莊子, saeculum 4 a.C.n.)
  • Licius (列子)
  • Zhang Daoling
  • Zhang Jue (mortuus 184)
  • Ge Hong (283–343)
• Confucianismus
  • Confucius
  • Mencius
  • Xun Kuang (circa 312–230 a.C.n.)
• Legalismus
  • Lisuus (李斯)
  • Li Kui
  • Han Fei
  • Mi Su Yu
  • Shang Yang
  • Shen Buhai
  • Shen Dao
• Moismus
  • Micius
  • Song Xing
• Schola Nominum
  • Deng Xi
  • Hui Shi (380–305 a.C.n.)
  • Sunlongus (circa 325–circa 250 a.C.n.)
• Agrarianismus
  • Xu Xing
• Naturalismus
  • Zou Yan (305–240 a.C.n.)
• Neotaoismus
  • Wang Bi
  • Guo Xiang
  • Xiang Xiu
• Schola Diplomatiae
  • Guiguzi
  • Su Qin (380–284 a.C.n.)
  • Zhang Yi (ante 329–309 a.C.n.)
  • Yue Yi
  • Li Yiji (268–204 a.C.n.)
• Schola rerum militarium
  • Suncius (floruit 500 a.C.n.)
  • Sun Bin (mortuus 316 a.C.n.)

Philosophia Graeca et Romana antiqua

Maior Graecia antiqua circa 550 a.C.n.

Cognationes inter varios philosophos et cogitatores praesocraticos; sagittae rubrae affinitatem adversam notant.

Philosophi

Philosophi Praesocratici

• Schola Milesiana
  • Thales (624–circa 546 a.C.n.)
  • Anaximander (610–546 a.C.n.)
  • Anaximenes Miletus (circa 585–circa 525 a.C.n.)
• Pythagoreani
  • Pythagoras (582–496 a.C.n.)
  • Philolaus (470– 380 a.C.n.)
  • Alcmaeon Crotonensis
  • Archytas (428– 347 a.C.n.)
• Heraclitus (535–475 a.C.n.)
• Schola Eleatica
  • Xenophanes (570–470 a.C.n.)
  • Parmenides (510–440 a.C.n.)
  • Zeno Eleates (490–430 a.C.n.)
  • Melissus Samosensis (circa 470 a.C.n.–???)
• Pluralistae
  • Empedocles (490–430 a.C.n.)
  • Anaxagoras (500–428 a.C.n.)
• Atomistae
  • Leucippus (primum dimidium saeculi quinti a.C.n.)
  • Democritus (460–370 a.C.n.)
  • Metrodorus Chius (saeculum 4 a.C.n.)
• Pherecydes Syrus (saeculum 6 a.C.n.)
• Sophistae
  • Protagoras (490–420 a.C.n.)
  • Gorgias (487–376 a.C.n.)
  • Antiphon (480–411 a.C.n.)
  • Prodicus (465 a.C.n./450 a.C.n.–post 399 a.C.n.
  • Hippias (medium saeculum 5 a.C.n.)
  • Thrasymachus (459–400 a.C.n.)
  • Callicles
  • Critias
  • Lycophron
  • Diogenes Apolloniensis (circa 460 a.C.n.–???)

Philosophi Graeci classici

• Socrates (469–399 a.C.n.)
• Euclides Megarius (450–380 a.C.n.)
• Antisthenes (445–360 a.C.n.)
• Aristippus (435–356 a.C.n.)
• Plato (428–347 a.C.n.)
• Speusippus (407–339 a.C.n.)
• Diogenes Sinopensis (400–325 a.C.n.)
• Xenocrates (396–314 a.C.n.)
• Aristoteles (384–322 a.C.n.)
• Stilpo (380–300 a.C.n.)
• Theophrastus (370–288 a.C.n.)

Philosophi Hellenistici

• Pyrrho Eleus (365–275 a.C.n.)
• Epicurus (341–270 a.C.n.)
• Metrodorus Lampsacenus (minor) (331–278 a.C.n.)
• Zeno Citieus (333–263 a.C.n.)
• Cleanthes (331–232 a.C.n.)
• Timon (320–230 a.C.n.)
• Arcesilaus (316–232 a.C.n.)
• Menippus (saeculum 3 a.C.n.)
• Archimedes (circa 287–212 a.C.n.)
• Chrysippus (280–207 a.C.n.)
• Carneades (214–129 a.C.n.)
• Clitomachus (187–109 a.C.n.)
• Metrodorus Stratoniceus (saeculum 2 a.C.n. exiens)
• Philo Larissensis (160–80 a.C.n.)
• Posidonius Apameus (135–51 a.C.n.)
• Antiochus Ascalonensis (130–68 a.C.n.)
• Aenesidemus (saeculum 1 a.C.n.)
• Agrippa (saeculum 1 p.C.n.)

Scholae cogitationis Hellenisticae

• Cynicismus
• Eclecticismus
• Epicureismus
• Platonismus Medius
• Neoplatonismus
• Neopythagoreanismus
• Schola Peripatetica
• Pyrrhonismus
• Stoicismus
• Sophismus

Philosophia Prima Romana et Christiana

Philosophi temporibus Romanis

Imperium Romanum circa 117.

Plotinus

Sepulcrum Boethii, in Ecclesia Sancti Petri in Caelo Aureo Paduae.

• Cicero (106–43 a.C.n.)
• Lucretius (94–55 a.C.n.)
• Seneca (4 a.C.n.–65 p.C.n.)
• Musonius Rufus (30–100)
• Plutarchus (45–120)
• Epictetus (55–135)
• Marcus Aurelius (121–180
• Clemens Alexandrinus (150–215)
• Alcinous (saeculum 2)
• Sextus Empiricus (saeculum 3)
• Alexander Aphrodisius (saeculum 3)
• Ammonius Saccas (saeculum 3)
• Plotinus (205–270)
• Porphyrius (232–304)
• Iamblichus (242–327)
• Themistius (317–388)
• Augustinus (354–430)
• Proclus (411–485)
• Damascius (462–540)
• Boethius (472–524)
• Simplicius Cilicianus (490–560)
• Ioannes Philoponus (490–570)

Philosophia Indica antiqua

Philosophia Indica antiqua duoas traditiones antiquas miscet: traditionem Sramanam et traditionem Vedicam.

Philosophia Vedica

Philosophia Indica coepit in Vedis, ubi leges naturales, origo universi, et locus hominum sapientium in eo interrogantur. In Hymno Creationis, monumento Rigvedico (Nasadiya Sukta), poeta affirmat:

Fasciculus:Sanjayas's Foreknowledge.jpg

Vyasa in media pictura.

Creatio in cosmotheoria Vedica conscientiae sui entis primi (Purusha) ascribitur. Quod ad ens unum ducit quod varietates rerum empiricarum et originis omnium sustinet. Ordo cosmicus rta, lex causationis karma appellatur. Natura (prakriti) tris proprietates (sattva, rajas, tamas) habere putatur: Vedi, Upanishad, philosophia Hinduica.

Philosophia Iudaica antiqua

Templum primum (circa 900 ad 587 a.C.n.

• Ioel (saecula 9–5 a.C.n.)
• Amos (saeculum 8 a.C.n.)
• Hosea (saeculum 8 a.C.n.)
• Micas (saeculum 8 a.C.n.)
• Proto-Isaias (8th century BCE)
• Ezekiel (saeculum 7 a.C.n.)
• Habbacuc (saeculum 7 a.C.n.)
• Ieremias (saeculum 7 a.C.n.)
• Nahum (saeculum 7 a.C.n.)
• Zephanias (saeculum 7 a.C.n.)

Exsul Assyrianus (587 ad 516 a.C.n.)

• Deutero-Isaias (saeculum 6 a.C.n.)
• Haggai (saeculum 6 a.C.n.)
• Obadias (saeculum 6 a.C.n.)
• Trito-Isaiah (saeculum 6 a.C.n.)
• Zechariah (saeculum 6 a.C.n.)

Templum secundum (516 ad 70 p.C.n.)

• Malachi (saeculum 5 a.C.n.)
• Koheleth (saecula 5–2 a.C.n.)
• Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira (saeculum 2 a.C.n.)
• Hillel Senior (circa 110 a.C.n.–10 p.C.n.)
• Philo Alexandrinus (30 a.C.n.–45 p.C.n.)

Primus exsul Romanus (70 ad circa 600)

• Akiva ben Iosephi (circa 40–circa 137)

Nexus interni

• Philosophia Orientalis
• Philosophia Sinica

Notae

1. Lo, Ping-cheung (1999), Confucian Ethic of Death with Dignity and Its Contemporary Relevance, Society of Christian Ethics 
2. "Zou Yan". Encyclopædia Britannica .

Bibliographia

• Annas, Julia. 2009. Kurze Einführung in die antike Philosophie. Gotingae: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783825232016.
• Geyer, Carl-Friedrich. 1996. Philosophie der Antike: Eine Einführung. Ed. 4a. Darmstadiae. ISBN 389678305X.
• Held, Klaus. 2001. Treffpunkt Platon: Philosophischer Reiseführer durch die Länder des Mittelmeers. Ed. 3a. Stutgartiae: Reclam. ISBN 3150104793.
• Ries, Wiebrecht. 2005. Die Philosophie der Antike. Darmstadiae: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3534174801.
• Nasr, S. H., et M. Aminrazavi. 2008. An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia: From Zoroaster to 'Umar Khayyam. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: I. B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 9781845115418.
• Shields, Christopher, ed. 2003. The Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy. Malden Massachusettae et Berolini: Blackwell. ISBN 0631222146.
• Luchte, James. 2011. Early Greek Thought: Before the Dawn. Bloomsbury Studies in Ancient Philosophy. Londinii: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0567353313.

Nexus externi

• Jaeger, Werner. 1947. The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers. Gifford Lectures, 1936–1937. Oxoniae: Clarendon Press..
• Lane, Melissa. "Ancient Political Philosophy," plato.stanford.edu
• Mansfield, Jaap. "Doxography of Ancient Philosophy," plato.stanford.edu
• Parry, Richard. "Ancient Ethical Theory," plato.stanford.edu
• Sedley, David. 1998. Ancient Philosophy. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. E. Craig. Londinii: Routledge.
• Vidoni, Martine. 2007. Répertoire des sources philosophiques antiques. CNRS.