龜
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
龜 (Kangxi radical 213, 龜+0, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹月尸尸 (HBSS) or 弓難山 (NXU), four-corner 27117, composition ⿱⺈⿹⿷⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿼コ㐅𢑑(H) or ⿱⺈⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅(G) or ⿱丿⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅)
- Kangxi radical #213, ⿔.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/龜
- 𡤞, 𪷾, 𤒅, 櫷, 𦫉, 𪛕, 𨷺, 鬮
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1537, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48847
- Dae Jaweon: page 2078, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4809, character 4
- Unihan data for U+9F9C
- Unihan data for U+F907
- Unihan data for U+F908
- Unihan data for U+FACE
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 龜 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) : A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions).
Etymology 1
Austroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui1 / kui1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gui1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gui1
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭi
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gu1 / gui1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ciu; 1kue
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): guei1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guei
- Wade–Giles: kuei1
- Yale: gwēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
- Palladius: гуй (guj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gui1 / kui1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui / kui
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuei⁵⁵/, /kʰuei⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwai1
- Yale: gwāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwai1
- Guangdong Romanization: guei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gei1 / gei1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei³³/, /kei³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
- Hakka Romanization System: guiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gui1
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: guiˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kui⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gui1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuei¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- gu1 - vernacular;
- gui1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- ku - vernacular;
- kui - literary.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: kwij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷrə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷrɯ/
Definitions
龜
- turtle; tortoise (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- 何謂四靈？麟鳳龜龍，謂之四靈。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Héwèi sìlíng? Lín fèng guī lóng, wèi zhī sìlíng. [Pinyin]
- What are the four numinous animals? The lin, the feng, the tortoise, and the dragon; those are called the four numinous animals.
何谓四灵？麟凤龟龙，谓之四灵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (figurative) cuckold
- (Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) police
Synonyms
- (tortoise):
Compounds
- 不待蓍龜 / 不待蓍龟 (bùdàishīguī)
- 九尾龜 / 九尾龟
- 兔角龜毛 / 兔角龟毛
- 六龜 / 六龟 (Liùguī, “Liouguei”)
- 六龜茶 / 六龟茶
- 冊府元龜 / 册府元龟
- 厾龜 / 厾龟 (tuh-ku) (Min Nan)
- 地圖龜 / 地图龟 (dìtúguī)
- 援鱉失龜 / 援鳖失龟
- 撥龜 / 拨龟
- 攝龜 / 摄龟
- 槓龜 / 杠龟 (gàngguī)
- 毛寶放龜 / 毛宝放龟
- 海龜 / 海龟 (hǎiguī)
- 灼龜 / 灼龟
- 烏龜 / 乌龟 (wūguī)
- 烏龜亡八 / 乌龟亡八
- 爛板烏龜 / 烂板乌龟
- 瓦影龜魚 / 瓦影龟鱼
- 白龜年 / 白龟年
- 紅龜 / 红龟 (âng-ku) (Min Nan)
- 縮頭烏龜 / 缩头乌龟 (suōtóu wūguī)
- 蓍龜 / 蓍龟 (shīguī)
- 蝸步龜移 / 蜗步龟移 (wōbùguīyí)
- 蟬腹龜腸 / 蝉腹龟肠
- 蠵龜 / 蠵龟 (xīguī)
- 解龜 / 解龟
- 象龜 / 象龟
- 金龜 / 金龟 (jīnguī)
- 金龜婿 / 金龟婿 (jīnguīxù)
- 金龜子 / 金龟子 (jīnguīzǐ)
- 金龜車 / 金龟车 (Jīnguīchē)
- 釣金龜 / 钓金龟
- 鐵雲藏龜 / 铁云藏龟
- 鴦龜 / 鸯龟
- 鶴算龜齡 / 鹤算龟龄
- 麟鳳龜龍 / 麟凤龟龙
- 龜兆 / 龟兆 (guīzhào)
- 龜兒子 / 龟儿子 (guī'érzi)
- 龜兔賽跑 / 龟兔赛跑
- 龜卜 / 龟卜 (guībǔ)
- 龜卦 / 龟卦
- 龜吼 / 龟吼 (Guīhǒu)
- 龜坼 / 龟坼
- 龜奴 / 龟奴
- 龜婆 / 龟婆 (guīpó)
- 龜子 / 龟子 (guīzǐ)
- 龜山 / 龟山 (Guīshān)
- 龜年 / 龟年
- 龜年鶴壽 / 龟年鹤寿
- 龜文 / 龟文
- 龜文鳥跡 / 龟文鸟迹
- 龜殼花 / 龟壳花 (guīkéhuā)
- 龜毛 / 龟毛 (guīmáo)
- 龜毛兔角 / 龟毛兔角 (guīmáotùjiǎo)
- 龜灼 / 龟灼
- 龜版 / 龟版
- 龜玉 / 龟玉
- 龜甲 / 龟甲 (guījiǎ)
- 龜策 / 龟策
- 龜筴 / 龟策
- 龜筮 / 龟筮
- 龜紐 / 龟纽
- 龜紋 / 龟纹
- 龜綬 / 龟绶
- 龜縮 / 龟缩 (guīsuō)
- 龜背芋 / 龟背芋
- 龜苓膏 / 龟苓膏 (guīlínggāo)
- 龜蛇二將 / 龟蛇二将
- 龜行 / 龟行
- 龜貝 / 龟贝
- 龜趺 / 龟趺 (guīfū)
- 龜速 / 龟速 (guīsù)
- 龜鑑 / 龟鉴 (guījiàn)
- 龜頭 / 龟头 (guītóu)
- 龜鱉目 / 龟鳖目
- 龜鶴 / 龟鹤
- 龜鶴同春 / 龟鹤同春
- 龜鼎 / 龟鼎
- 龜齡 / 龟龄
- 龜齡鶴算 / 龟龄鹤算
- 龜龍麟鳳 / 龟龙麟凤
Descendants
- → Zhuang: gvi
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kau1 / gau1
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): giu1 / kiu1
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1chieu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
- Wade–Giles: chʻiu1
- Yale: chyōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
- Palladius: цю (cju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1 / gau1
- Yale: kāu / gāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1 / gau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1 / geo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: giu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiu⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kiu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiu⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯ/
Definitions
龜
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan1
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gong1 / guong1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kun
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ciun
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
- Wade–Giles: chün1
- Yale: jyūn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
- Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwan1
- Yale: gwān
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwan1
- Guangdong Romanization: guen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: guong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuoŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Definitions
龜
- (of skin) to crack; to become chapped
- 宋人有善為不龜手之藥者，世世以洴澼絖為事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Sòng rén yǒu shàn wéi bù jūnshǒu zhī yào zhě, shìshì yǐ píngpìkuàng wéi shì. [Pinyin]
- There was a man of Song who was skilful at making a salve for chapped hands; and (his family) for generations had made the bleaching of cocoon-silk their business.
宋人有善为不龟手之药者，世世以洴澼𬘢为事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
References
- “龜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “龟”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 81.
| 亀 | |
| 龜 |
Kanji
龜
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 亀)
Readings
From Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw), as in 龜茲 (Kyūji)
Definitions
| For pronunciation and definitions of 龜 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 龜, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kwij).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 귀 (kwuy)訓 (Yale: kwuy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɥi] ~ [ky]
- Phonetic hangul: [귀]
Hanja
Wikisource 龜 (eumhun 거북 귀 (geobuk gwi))
Compounds
- 귀각 (龜殼, gwigak)
- 귀감 (龜鑑, gwigam, “warning; self-criticism”)
- 귀갑 (龜甲, gwigap)
- 귀두 (龜頭, gwidu)
- 귀모 (龜毛, gwimo)
- 귀배 (龜背, gwibae)
- 귀별 (龜鼈, gwibyeol)
- 귀복 (龜卜, gwibok)
- 귀선 (龜船, gwiseon, “Turtle ship”)
- 귀옥 (龜玉, gwiok)
- 귀점 (龜占, gwijeom)
- 귀판 (龜板, gwipan)
- 귀패 (龜貝, gwipae)
- 맹귀 (盲龜, maenggwi)
- 수귀 (水龜, sugwi)
- 신귀 (神龜, sin'gwi)
- 영귀 (靈龜, yeonggwi)
- 장귀 (長龜, janggwi)
- 진귀 (秦龜, jin'gwi)
- 해귀 (海龜, haegwi)
- 휴귀 (蠵龜, hyugwi)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 쿠ᇢ (Yale: khwuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Early Modern Korean 구韻 (Yale: kwu) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
Hanja
龜 (eumhun 땅 이름 구 (ttang ireum gu))
- hanja form? of 구 (“used in placenames”)
Compounds
Etymology 3
From Middle Chinese 龜.
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 균 (Yale: kyun) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjun]
- Phonetic hangul: [균]
Hanja
Compounds
References
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