難波

Chinese

		disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good	wave; (Cantonese) ball
trad. (難波)		難	波
simp. (难波)		难	波

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 難波 (Nanba). Alternatively, may reflect an Old Chinese transcription (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Nánbō

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): naan⁴ bo¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Nánbō
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Nánbo
    • Wade–Giles: Nan²-po¹
    • Yale: Nán-bwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanbo
    • Palladius: Наньбо (Nanʹbo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: naan⁴ bo¹
    • Yale: nàahn bō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: naan⁴ bo¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: nan⁴ bo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːn²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

Proper noun

難波

1. Namba district in Osaka, Japan

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
難	波
なん > なに Grade: 6 (ateji)	は > わ Grade: 3 (ateji)
irregular	goon

Alternative spellings
難波 (kyūjitai) 浪花

/nanipa/ → /naniɸa/ → /naniwa/

From Old Japanese 難波 (Nanipa), itself a corruption of 浪速 (Nami₁paya) or 浪花 (Nami₁pana).

Alternative forms

• (old name for Osaka): 浪速, 浪花, 浪華

Proper noun

難(なに)波(わ) • (Naniwa) ^{←なには (Nanifa)?}

1. (archaic) an old placename for the region that is now known as 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Osaka”)
2. a surname

Derived terms

• 難波(ナニワ)薔薇(イバラ) (Naniwa ibara)
• 難波(なにわ)江(え) (Naniwa-e)
• 難波(なにわ)潟(がた) (Naniwa-gata)
• 難波(なにわ)京(きょう) (Naniwa-kyō)
• 難波(なにわ)草(ぐさ) (Naniwa-gusa)
• 難波(なにわ)津(づ) (Naniwa-zu)
• 難波(なにわ)女(め) (Naniwa me)

Proverbs

• 難波(なにわ)の葦(あし)は伊勢(いせ)の浜(はま)荻(おぎ) (Naniwa no ashi wa Ise no hamaogi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
難	波
なん Grade: 6 (ateji)	は > ば Grade: 3 (ateji)
goon

Alternative spelling
難波 (kyūjitai)

/nanipa/ → /naniɸa/ → /naɴba/ → /namba/

Shift from Naniwa above.^[1]

Proper noun

難(なん)波(ば) • (Nanba) 

1. Short for 難波区 (Nanba-ku): the Namba district in Osaka
2. a surname

Derived terms

• 難波煮(なんばに) (Nanba-ni)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

Corruption of 浪速 (Nami₁paya, literally “swift waves”) or 浪花 (Nami₁pana, literally “wave flowers”).

Proper noun

難波 (Nanipa) (kana なには)

1. an old placename for the region that is now known as 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Osaka”)
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Jimmu, entry 4: [671 BCE], second month:

     皇師遂東、舳艫相接、方到難波之碕。因以名為浪速國、亦曰浪花、今謂難波訛也。

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• 難波潟 (Nanipa-gata)
• 難波門 (Nanipa-to₁)
• 難波宮 (Nanipa-no₂-mi₁ya)
• 難波堀江 (Nanipa-poriye)

Descendants

• Japanese: 難波, 浪速, 浪花, 浪華 (Naniwa)