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暴

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 異
暴 U+66B4, 暴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66B4
← 暳
[U+66B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 暵 →
[U+66B5]
暴 U+FA06, 暴
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA06
← 洞
[U+FA05] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 輻 →
[U+FA07]

Translingual

Han character

暴 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 60132, composition ⿱日㳟)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14137
  • Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1532, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+66B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 暴, Shang ...
Historical forms of the character 暴
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
暴 *boːwɢs, *boːɡ
曝 *boːwɢs, *boːɡ
瀑 *boːwɢs, *boːɡ
虣 *boːwɢs
爆 *proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ
襮 *poːwɢ, *poːwɢ
嚗 *proːwɢ
謈 *pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ
犦 *broːwɢ, *poːwɢ
懪 *broːwɢ
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Characters in the same phonetic series (暴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Its original form is 𫻺 and can be seen on oracle bone script; ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 虎 (“tiger”) + 戈 (“weapon”) – violence. The character also means "to expose to the sun", but its most archaic form does not convey this particular meaning.

However, by the time of bamboo slip script, usage of 𫻺 had been replaced entirely by phonetically borrowing 㬥. This new character originates from the proto-form 𮲡, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 日 (“sun”) + 共 (“hands lifting an object”); in this precise case, the hands are lifting a plant graphically similar to 丰 or 出. 米 (“rice”) was later added to emphasize the meaning of drying things out in the sun since rice and similar plants can be dried out in the sun. Eventually, the bottom component was stylized as the unrelated 水 and the whole character was stylized into 暴: the plant is no more visible in the new version.

The meaning "to expose to the sun" is preserved in 𣌑 > 曝.

Etymology 1

More information simp. and trad., 2nd round simp. ...
simp. and trad.
 暴
2nd round simp. 𣅃
alternative forms
㫧
㬥
㬧
曓
𣉱
㫧
㬥
㬧
曓
𣉱
𣊴
𣊻
曝
虣
𣋏
𣋳
𣋴
 
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Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 暴
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 薄報切
Baxter bawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɑuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bɑuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bɑuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bawH/
Li
Rong		 /bɑuH/
Wang
Li		 /bɑuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /bʱɑuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 bou6
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 暴
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bawH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ˁawk-s/
English violent

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 暴
Reading # 1/2
No. 330
Phonetic
component		 暴
Rime
group		 貌
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 暴
Old
Chinese		 /*boːwɢs/
Close

Definitions

暴

  1. sudden
  2. violent; cruel; brutal; tyrannical
    暴行  ―  bàoxíng  ―  act of violence
  3. quick-tempered; hot-tempered
    暴躁  ―  bàozào  ―  irritable; irascible; bad-tempered
  4. to spoil; to waste; to damage
    自暴自棄／自暴自弃  ―  zìbàozìqì  ―  to abandon oneself to despair
  5. (literary) to abuse; to oppress; to treat cruelly

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (暴):
  • → Japanese: 暴(ぼう) (bō)
  • → Korean: 포(暴) (po)
  • → Vietnamese: bạo (暴)

Etymology 2

More information simp. and trad., 2nd round simp. ...
simp. and trad.
 暴
2nd round simp. 𣅃
Close

Pronunciation 1

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 暴
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蒲木切
Baxter buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /buk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /buk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /buk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bəwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /buk̚/
Wang
Li		 /buk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /bʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 buk6
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 暴
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ buwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-pˁawk/
English expose to sun

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 暴
Reading # 2/2
No. 343
Phonetic
component		 暴
Rime
group		 屋
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 暴
Old
Chinese		 /*boːɡ/
Close
Definitions

暴

  1. Alternative form of 曝 (“to sun; to air in the sun”)
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 暴
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蒲木切
Baxter buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /buk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /buk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /buk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bəwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /buk̚/
Wang
Li		 /buk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /bʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 buk6
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 暴
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 pù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ buwk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-pˁawk/
English expose to sun

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 暴
Reading # 2/2
No. 343
Phonetic
component		 暴
Rime
group		 屋
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 暴
Old
Chinese		 /*boːɡ/
Close
Note: bou6 - in 暴露.
Note: pō - in 暴露.
Definitions

暴

  1. to show; to expose
Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (暴):

Etymology 3

More information simp. and trad., 2nd round simp. ...
simp. and trad.
 暴
2nd round simp. 𣅃
Close

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

暴

  1. to stick out; to bulge
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

暴

  1. Used in 暴樂／暴乐 (bóluò).

Etymology 4

More information simp. and trad., 2nd round simp. ...
simp. and trad.
 暴
2nd round simp. 𣅃
alternative forms 發／发
Close

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

暴

  1. (Hokkien) to sprout; to send forth (leaves, buds, beard, bubbles, etc.)
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

暴

  1. (Hokkien) to emerge; to pop up; to spring forth
Compounds

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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