暴

See also: 異

暴 U+66B4, 暴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66B4 ← 暳 [U+66B3] CJK Unified Ideographs 暵 → [U+66B5]

暴 U+FA06, 暴 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA06 ← 洞 [U+FA05] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 輻 → [U+FA07]

Translingual

Han character

暴 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 6013₂, composition ⿱日㳟)

Derived characters

• 儤, 嚗, 𢖔, 懪, 㩧, 瀑, 曝, 𦢊, 𣞺, 爆, 犦, 𭻶, 䂍, 𥗋, 𮂡, 𦆿, 𧔙, 襮, 𧭤, 𧲐, 𨇅, 䤖, 鑤, 𢑾, 鸔, 𣋰, 𣀛, 𣀠, 㿺, 𩁠, 𩙕, 𪇰, 𮆭, 𩯱

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14137
• Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1532, character 15
• Unihan data for U+66B4
• Unihan data for U+FA06

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 暴
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
暴	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
曝	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
瀑	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
虣	*boːwɢs
爆	*proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ
襮	*poːwɢ, *poːwɢ
嚗	*proːwɢ
謈	*pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ
犦	*broːwɢ, *poːwɢ
懪	*broːwɢ

Characters in the same phonetic series (暴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Its original form is 𫻺 and can be seen on oracle bone script; ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 虎 (“tiger”) + 戈 (“weapon”) – violence. The character also means "to expose to the sun", but its most archaic form does not convey this particular meaning.

However, by the time of bamboo slip script, usage of 𫻺 had been replaced entirely by phonetically borrowing 㬥. This new character originates from the proto-form 𮲡, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 共 (“hands lifting an object”); in this precise case, the hands are lifting a plant graphically similar to 丰 or 出. 米 (“rice”) was later added to emphasize the meaning of drying things out in the sun since rice and similar plants can be dried out in the sun. Eventually, the bottom component was stylized as the unrelated 水 and the whole character was stylized into 暴: the plant is no more visible in the new version.

The meaning "to expose to the sun" is preserved in 𣌑 > 曝.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		暴
2nd round simp.		𣅃
alternative forms		㫧 㬥 㬧 曓 𣉱 㫧 㬥 㬧 曓 𣉱 𣊴 𣊻 曝 虣 𣋏 𣋳 𣋴

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	暴
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄報切
Baxter	bawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑuH/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑuH/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bawH/
Li Rong	/bɑuH/
Wang Li	/bɑuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱɑuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào
Middle Chinese	‹ bawH ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁawk-s/
English	violent
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴
Reading #	1/2
No.	330
Phonetic component	暴
Rime group	貌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	暴
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bào (bao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
• Jin (Wiktionary): bau³
• Eastern Min (BUC): bô̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pō / po̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bao⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bào
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bào
    • Wade–Giles: pao⁴
    • Yale: bàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bou⁶
    • Yale: bouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
    • Hakka Romanization System: pau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: bau³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pau⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bô̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō / po̍k
    • Tâi-lô: pō / po̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poi, pok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po²²/, /pɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁴¹/, /pɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po²²/, /pɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po³³/, /pɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³/, /pɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bau
    • MiniDict: bau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bɔ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bawH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/

Definitions

暴

1. sudden
2. violent; cruel; brutal; tyrannical

   暴行  ―  bàoxíng  ―  act of violence

3. quick-tempered; hot-tempered

   暴躁  ―  bàozào  ―  irritable; irascible; bad-tempered

4. to spoil; to waste; to damage

   自暴自棄／自暴自弃  ―  zìbàozìqì  ―  to abandon oneself to despair

5. (literary) to abuse; to oppress; to treat cruelly

   • 陽虎嘗暴匡人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     阳虎尝暴匡人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Yáng Hǔ cháng bào Kuāng rén. [Pinyin]

     Yang Hu once abused the people of Kuang.

Compounds

• 不忙不暴
• 以暴制暴
• 以暴易亂 / 以暴易乱
• 以暴易暴
• 侵暴
• 凌暴 (língbào)
• 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
• 地磁暴
• 大風暴 / 大风暴
• 婚姻暴力
• 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
• 急風暴雨 / 急风暴雨 (jífēngbàoyǔ)
• 憑河暴虎 / 凭河暴虎
• 懆暴 (cǎobào)
• 抗暴 (kàngbào)
• 扭頭暴筋 / 扭头暴筋
• 振弱除暴
• 撥亂誅暴 / 拨乱诛暴
• 擒姦討暴 / 擒奸讨暴
• 操暴
• 施暴 (shībào)
• 昏暴
• 暴下
• 暴亂 / 暴乱 (bàoluàn)
• 暴內陵外 / 暴内陵外
• 暴冷
• 暴利 (bàolì)
• 暴力 (bàolì)
• 暴力滋擾 / 暴力滋扰
• 暴力犯罪
• 暴力革命
• 暴動 / 暴动 (bàodòng)
• 暴卒 (bàozú)
• 暴厲 / 暴厉 (bàolì)
• 暴厲之氣 / 暴厉之气
• 暴厲恣睢 / 暴厉恣睢
• 暴取豪奪 / 暴取豪夺
• 暴君 (bàojūn)
• 暴土 (bàotǔ)
• 暴增 (bàozēng)
• 暴客
• 暴室
• 暴富 (bàofù)
• 暴崩 (bàobēng)
• 暴師 / 暴师
• 暴徒 (bàotú)
• 暴忽
• 暴怒 (bàonù)
• 暴恣
• 暴懆
• 暴戾 (bàolì)
• 暴戾之氣 / 暴戾之气
• 暴戾恣睢
• 暴抗
• 暴投 (bàotóu)
• 暴掠
• 暴揚 / 暴扬
• 暴政 (bàozhèng)
• 暴斂 / 暴敛 (bàoliǎn)
• 暴斂橫徵 / 暴敛横征
• 暴斃 / 暴毙 (bàobì)
• 暴暴
• 暴桑
• 暴桀
• 暴橫 / 暴横
• 暴死 (bàosǐ)
• 暴殄 (bàotiǎn)
• 暴殄天物 (bàotiǎntiānwù)
• 暴殄輕生 / 暴殄轻生
• 暴民 (bàomín)
• 暴洪 (bàohóng)
• 暴漲 / 暴涨 (bàozhǎng)
• 暴漲暴跌 / 暴涨暴跌
• 暴潮
• 暴烈 (bàoliè)
• 暴燥
• 暴燥如雷
• 暴牙 (bàoyá)
• 暴疾
• 暴病 (bàobìng)
• 暴病身亡
• 暴發 / 暴发 (bàofā)
• 暴發戶 / 暴发户 (bàofāhù)
• 暴白 (bàobái)
• 暴穎 / 暴颖 (pok-íⁿ) (Min Nan)
• 暴脾氣 / 暴脾气
• 暴腮龍門 / 暴腮龙门
• 暴至
• 暴舉 / 暴举
• 暴虎
• 暴虎馮河 / 暴虎冯河 (bàohǔ-pínghé)
• 暴虐 (bàonüè)
• 暴虐浮躁
• 暴虐無道 / 暴虐无道
• 暴行
• 暴貴 / 暴贵
• 暴起暴落
• 暴跌 (bàodiē)
• 暴跳如雷 (bàotiào-rúléi)
• 暴躁 (bàozào)
• 暴躁如雷
• 暴醃 / 暴腌
• 暴雨 (bàoyǔ)
• 暴雷 (bàoléi)
• 暴雷也似
• 暴面
• 暴風 / 暴风 (bàofēng)
• 暴風半徑 / 暴风半径
• 暴風圈 / 暴风圈
• 暴風疾雨 / 暴风疾雨
• 暴風雨 / 暴风雨 (bàofēngyǔ)
• 暴風雪 / 暴风雪 (bàofēngxuě)
• 暴風驟雨 / 暴风骤雨 (bàofēngzhòuyǔ)
• 暴飲暴食 / 暴饮暴食 (bàoyǐnbàoshí)
• 暴骨
• 暴骨原野
• 栗暴 (lìbào)
• 橫征暴斂 / 横征暴敛
• 橫暴 / 横暴 (hèngbào)
• 橫科暴斂 / 横科暴敛
• 橫賦暴斂 / 横赋暴敛
• 止暴禁非
• 殘暴 / 残暴 (cánbào)
• 殘暴不仁 / 残暴不仁 (cánbàobùrén)
• 沙暴 (shābào)
• 炕暴
• 狂暴 (kuángbào)
• 狂風暴雨 / 狂风暴雨 (kuángfēngbàoyǔ)
• 疾風暴雨 / 疾风暴雨
• 磁暴 (cíbào)
• 禁暴誅亂 / 禁暴诛乱
• 禁暴靜亂 / 禁暴静乱
• 窮暴 / 穷暴
• 粗暴 (cūbào)
• 粗風暴雨 / 粗风暴雨
• 自暴自棄 / 自暴自弃 (zìbàozìqì)
• 荒時暴月 / 荒时暴月
• 藜暴
• 討惡剪暴 / 讨恶剪暴
• 討逆除暴 / 讨逆除暴
• 誅暴討逆 / 诛暴讨逆
• 誖暴
• 警暴 (jǐngbào)
• 變暴 / 变暴
• 躁暴
• 迅風暴雨 / 迅风暴雨
• 逆天暴物
• 逞暴
• 鈔暴 / 钞暴
• 鎮暴 / 镇暴 (zhènbào)
• 鎮暴警察 / 镇暴警察
• 鎮暴隊形 / 镇暴队形
• 除暴
• 除暴安良 (chúbào'ānliáng)
• 陵暴 (língbào)
• 雷暴 (léibào)
• 風暴 / 风暴 (fēngbào)
• 飄風暴雨 / 飘风暴雨
• 鬥暴 / 斗暴

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (暴):

• → Japanese: 暴(ぼう) (bō)
• → Korean: 포(暴) (po)
• → Vietnamese: bạo (暴)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		暴
2nd round simp.		𣅃

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character	暴
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蒲木切
Baxter	buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/buk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/buk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəwk̚/
Li Rong	/buk̚/
Wang Li	/buk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	buk6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pù
Middle Chinese	‹ buwk ›
Old Chinese	/*m-pˁawk/
English	expose to sun
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴
Reading #	2/2
No.	343
Phonetic component	暴
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	暴
Old Chinese	/*boːɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pù (pu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): buk⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): bó̤h
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k / po̍h

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pù
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pù
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu⁴
    • Yale: pù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: buk⁶
    • Yale: buhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: buk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʊk̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bó̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
    • Tâi-lô: po̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pok
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍h
    • Tâi-lô: po̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poih
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /poʔ⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: buwk

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pˤawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːɡ/

Definitions

暴

1. Alternative form of 曝 (“to sun; to air in the sun”)

   • 雖有天下易生之物也，一日暴之、十日寒之，未有能生者也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     虽有天下易生之物也，一日暴之、十日寒之，未有能生者也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Suī yǒu tiānxià yì shēng zhī wù yě, yīrì pù zhī, shí rì hán zhī, wèiyǒu néng shēng zhě yě. [Pinyin]

     Suppose the case of the most easily growing thing in the world; if you expose it for one day to the sun, and then expose it for ten days to cold, it will not be able to grow.

Compounds

• 一暴十寒 (yīpùshíhán)

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character	暴
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蒲木切
Baxter	buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/buk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/buk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəwk̚/
Li Rong	/buk̚/
Wang Li	/buk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	buk6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pù
Middle Chinese	‹ buwk ›
Old Chinese	/*m-pˁawk/
English	expose to sun
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴
Reading #	2/2
No.	343
Phonetic component	暴
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	暴
Old Chinese	/*boːɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bào, pù

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ, ㄆㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): buk⁶ / bou⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): bó̤h
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k / po̍h / pō

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bào
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bào
    • Wade–Giles: pao⁴
    • Yale: bàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; literary variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pù
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pù
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu⁴
    • Yale: pù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: buk⁶ / bou⁶
    • Yale: buhk / bouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: buk⁹ / bou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: bug⁶ / bou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʊk̚²/, /pou̯²²/

Note: bou6 - in 暴露.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bó̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
    • Tâi-lô: po̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pok
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍h
    • Tâi-lô: po̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poih
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /poʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō
    • Tâi-lô: pō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /po²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po³³/

Note: pō - in 暴露.

---

• Middle Chinese: buwk

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-pˤawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːɡ/

Definitions

暴

1. to show; to expose

Compounds

• 暴屍 / 暴尸 (bàoshī)
• 暴屍於市 / 暴尸于市 (bàoshīyúshì)
• 暴露 (bàolù)
• 暴露狂 (bàolùkuáng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (暴):

• → Korean: 폭(暴) (pok)

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		暴
2nd round simp.		𣅃

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bào, bó (bao⁴, bo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ, ㄅㄛˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bào
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bào
    • Wade–Giles: pao⁴
    • Yale: bàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bó
    • Wade–Giles: po²
    • Yale: bwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Definitions

暴

1. to stick out; to bulge

Compounds

• 暴暴
• 暴突

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bó (bo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bó
    • Wade–Giles: po²
    • Yale: bwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
    • Palladius: бо (bo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Definitions

暴

1. Used in 暴樂／暴乐 (bóluò).

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		暴
2nd round simp.		𣅃
alternative forms		發／发

Pronunciation 1

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): puh

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: puh
    • Tâi-lô: puh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: puq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /puʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /puʔ⁵/

Definitions

暴

1. (Hokkien) to sprout; to send forth (leaves, buds, beard, bubbles, etc.)

Compounds

• 暴沫
• 暴穎 / 暴颖
• 暴膿 / 暴脓
• 暴芽

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pauh

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pauh
    • Tâi-lô: pauh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pauq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pauʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pauʔ⁵/

Definitions

暴

1. (Hokkien) to emerge; to pop up; to spring forth

Compounds

• 暴牙 (bàoyá)
• 暴齒 / 暴齿

References

• “暴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 暴

暴

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. violent; brutal; fierce

Readings

• Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ぼう (bou, historical)}、ぼく (boku)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←ほう (fou, historical)}、ほく (hoku)
• Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: あばく (abaku, 暴く, Jōyō)、あばれる (abareru, 暴れる, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 暴(ぼう)君(くん) (bōkun)
• 暴(ぼう)言(げん) (bōgen)
• 暴(ぼう)行(こう) (bōkō)
• 暴(ぼう)走(そう) (bōsō)
• 暴(ぼう)徒(と) (bōto)
• 暴(ぼう)怒(ど) (bōdo, “rage”)
• 暴(ぼう)騰(とう) (bōtō)
• 暴(ぼう)投(とう) (bōtō)
• 暴(ぼう)動(どう) (bōdō)
• 暴(ぼう)発(はつ) (bōhatsu)
• 暴(ぼう)風(ふう) (bōfū)
• 暴(ぼう)落(らく) (bōraku)
• 暴(ぼう)力(りょく) (bōryoku)
• 横(おう)暴(ぼう) (ōbō)
• 凶(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
• 強(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
• 乱(らん)暴(ぼう) (ranbō)
• 邪(じゃ)智(ち)暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく) (jachibōgyaku)
• 暴(ばく)露(ろ) (bakuro)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
暴
ぼう Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぼー [bóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [bo̞ː]

Adjective

暴(ぼう) • (bō) -na (adnominal 暴(ぼう)な (bō na), adverbial 暴(ぼう)に (bō ni))

1. violent

Inflection

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	暴だろ	ぼうだろ	bō daro
Continuative (連用形)	暴で	ぼうで	bō de
Terminal (終止形)	暴だ	ぼうだ	bō da
Attributive (連体形)	暴な	ぼうな	bō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	暴なら	ぼうなら	bō nara
Imperative (命令形)	暴であれ	ぼうであれ	bō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	暴ではない 暴じゃない	ぼうではない ぼうじゃない	bō de wa nai bō ja nai
Informal past	暴だった	ぼうだった	bō datta
Informal negative past	暴ではなかった 暴じゃなかった	ぼうではなかった ぼうじゃなかった	bō de wa nakatta bō ja nakatta
Formal	暴です	ぼうです	bō desu
Formal negative	暴ではありません 暴じゃありません	ぼうではありません ぼうじゃありません	bō de wa arimasen bō ja arimasen
Formal past	暴でした	ぼうでした	bō deshita
Formal negative past	暴ではありませんでした 暴じゃありませんでした	ぼうではありませんでした ぼうじゃありませんでした	bō de wa arimasen deshita bō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	暴で	ぼうで	bō de
Conditional	暴なら（ば）	ぼうなら（ば）	bō nara (ba)
Provisional	暴だったら	ぼうだったら	bō dattara
Volitional	暴だろう	ぼうだろう	bō darō
Adverbial	暴に	ぼうに	bō ni
Degree	暴さ	ぼうさ	bōsa

Inflection of 暴

Noun

暴(ぼう) • (bō) 

1. violentness

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC buwk, “to expose to the sun”).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 뽁〮 (Yale: ppwók) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 曝/폭 (phwok)^訓 (Yale: phwok) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰo̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [폭]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

暴

Wikisource 暴 (eumhun 나타날 폭 (natanal pok))
暴 (eumhun 드러날 폭 (deureonal pok))

1. (only in compounds) hanja form^? of 폭 (“to show; to appear; to manifest”)

Compounds

• 폭로 (暴露, pongno, “disclosure; exposure; revelation”)
• 폭풍 (暴風, pokpung, “storm”)

Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading influenced by Middle Chinese 暴 (MC buwk). The original reading is 포 (po) based on Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰo̞k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [폭]

Hanja

暴 (eumhun 사나울 폭 (sanaul pok))

1. (only in compounds) hanja form^? of 폭 (“fierce; violent; brutal”)

Compounds

• 폭군 (暴君, pokgun)
• 폭도 (暴徒, pokdo)
• 폭동 (暴動, pokdong)
• 폭등 (暴騰, pokdeung)
• 폭락 (暴落, pongnak)
• 폭력 (暴力, pongnyeok)
• 폭리 (暴利, pongni)
• 폭망 (暴亡, pongmang)
• 폭발 (暴發, pokbal)
• 폭부 (暴富, pokbu)
• 폭사 (暴死, poksa)
• 폭설 (暴雪, pokseol)
• 폭식 (暴食, poksik)
• 폭압 (暴壓, pogap)
• 폭언 (暴言, pogeon)
• 폭염 (暴炎, pogyeom)
• 폭우 (暴雨, pogu)
• 폭음 (暴飮, pogeum)
• 폭정 (暴政, pokjeong)
• 폭주 (暴注, pokju)
• 폭주 (暴走, pokju)
• 폭주 (暴酒, pokju)
• 폭탈 (暴奪, poktal)
• 폭풍 (暴風, pokpung)
• 폭행 (暴行, pokhaeng)

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 뽀ᇢ〮 (Yale: ppwów) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 포〯 (phwǒ)^訓 (Yale: phwǒ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰo̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [포(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

暴 (eumhun 사나울 포 (sanaul po))

1. hanja form^? of 포 (“fierce; violent; brutal”)

Compounds

• 난포 (亂暴, nanpo)
• 자포자기 (自暴自棄, japojagi)
• 포기 (暴棄, pogi)
• 포악 (暴惡, poak)
• 횡포 (橫暴, hoengpo)
• 흉포 (凶暴, hyungpo)

Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese 暴.

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 빡〮 (Yale: ppák) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Hanja

暴 (eumhun 앙상할 박 (angsanghal bak))

1. (literary Chinese) hanja form^? of 박 (“sparse; bare; thin; skinny”)

Compounds

• 박락 (暴樂, bangnak)
• 박포 (暴布, bakpo)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

暴: Hán Việt readings: bạo (薄(bạc)報(báo)切(thiết))^{[1][2][3][4][5]}, bộc (步(bộ)木(mộc)切(thiết))^[3][5]
暴: Nôm readings: bạo^{[1][2][3][4][6]}, bão^[1][2][7], bộc^[7][5], bậu^[1], bẹo^[3]

1. chữ Hán form of bạo (“ferocious; cruel; violent”).

Compounds

• 暴主 (bạo chúa)
• 暴力 (bạo lực)
• 殘暴 (tàn bạo)

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
3. Trần (2004).
4. Bonet (1899).
5. Génibrel (1898).
6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
7. Hồ (1976).