自暴自棄 - Wikiwand

More information to allow itself to be ignored; to throw itself away; to cause itself to be discarded, trad. (自暴自棄) ...

			to allow itself to be ignored; to throw itself away; to cause itself to be discarded
trad. (自暴自棄)		自暴	自棄
simp. (自暴自弃)		自暴	自弃

Etymology

From Mencius (《孟子·離婁上》):

自暴者，不可與有言也；自棄者，不可與有為也。言非禮義，謂之自暴也；吾身不能居仁由義，謂之自棄也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

自暴者，不可与有言也；自弃者，不可与有为也。言非礼义，谓之自暴也；吾身不能居仁由义，谓之自弃也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zìbào zhě, bùkě yǔ yǒu yán yě; zìqì zhě, bù kě yǔ yǒu wéi yě. Yán fēi lǐyì, wèi zhī zìbào yě; wú shēn bùnéng jū rén yóu yì, wèi zhī zìqì yě. [Pinyin]

With those who do violence to themselves, it is impossible to speak. With those who throw themselves away, it is impossible to do anything. To disown in his conversation propriety and righteousness, is what we mean by doing violence to one's self. To say "I am not able to dwell in benevolence or pursue the path of righteousness," is what we mean by throwing one's self away.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìbàozìqì, zìpùzìqì

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄅㄠˋ ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˋ, ㄗˋ ㄆㄨˋ ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ bou⁶ zi⁶ hei³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-phau-chhṳ-hi

(Hailu, HRS): cii^˖ pau^ˇ cii^˖ hi^ˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìbàozìqì
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄅㄠˋ ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhbàozìhcì
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-pao⁴-tzŭ⁴-chʻi⁴
  - Yale: dz̀-bàu-dz̀-chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhbawtzyhchih
  - Palladius: цзыбаоцзыци (czybaoczyci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; literary variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìpùzìqì
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄆㄨˋ ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhpùzìhcì
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-pʻu⁴-tzŭ⁴-chʻi⁴
  - Yale: dz̀-pù-dz̀-chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhpuhtzyhchih
  - Palladius: цзыпуцзыци (czypuczyci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ pʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ bou⁶ zi⁶ hei³
  - Yale: jih bouh jih hei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ bou⁶ dzi⁶ hei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ bou⁶ ji⁶ héi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² pou̯²² t͡siː²² hei̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-phau-chhṳ-hi
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii pau cii hi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ pau⁴ ci⁴ hi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ pʰau̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ hi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^˖ pau^ˇ cii^˖ hi^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³³ pʰau¹¹ t͡sʰɨ³³ hi¹¹/

Idiom

自暴自棄

to give in to despair

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (自暴自棄):

→ Japanese: 自(じ)暴(ぼう)自(じ)棄(き) (jibōjiki)
→ Korean: 자포자기(自暴自棄) (japojagi)

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
自	暴	自	棄
じ Grade: 2	ぼう Grade: 5	じ Grade: 2	き Grade: S
on'yomi

Adjective

自(じ)暴(ぼう)自(じ)棄(き) • (jibōjiki) -na (adnominal 自(じ)暴(ぼう)自(じ)棄(き)な (jibōjiki na), adverbial 自(じ)暴(ぼう)自(じ)棄(き)に (jibōjiki ni))

desperate

Inflection

More information Stem forms, Imperfective (未然形) ...

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	自暴自棄だろ	じぼうじきだろ	jibōjiki daro
Continuative (連用形)	自暴自棄で	じぼうじきで	jibōjiki de
Terminal (終止形)	自暴自棄だ	じぼうじきだ	jibōjiki da
Attributive (連体形)	自暴自棄な	じぼうじきな	jibōjiki na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	自暴自棄なら	じぼうじきなら	jibōjiki nara
Imperative (命令形)	自暴自棄であれ	じぼうじきであれ	jibōjiki de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	自暴自棄ではない自暴自棄じゃない	じぼうじきではないじぼうじきじゃない	jibōjiki de wa nai jibōjiki ja nai
Informal past	自暴自棄だった	じぼうじきだった	jibōjiki datta
Informal negative past	自暴自棄ではなかった自暴自棄じゃなかった	じぼうじきではなかったじぼうじきじゃなかった	jibōjiki de wa nakatta jibōjiki ja nakatta
Formal	自暴自棄です	じぼうじきです	jibōjiki desu
Formal negative	自暴自棄ではありません自暴自棄じゃありません	じぼうじきではありませんじぼうじきじゃありません	jibōjiki de wa arimasen jibōjiki ja arimasen
Formal past	自暴自棄でした	じぼうじきでした	jibōjiki deshita
Formal negative past	自暴自棄ではありませんでした自暴自棄じゃありませんでした	じぼうじきではありませんでしたじぼうじきじゃありませんでした	jibōjiki de wa arimasen deshita jibōjiki ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	自暴自棄で	じぼうじきで	jibōjiki de
Conditional	自暴自棄なら（ば）	じぼうじきなら（ば）	jibōjiki nara (ba)
Provisional	自暴自棄だったら	じぼうじきだったら	jibōjiki dattara
Volitional	自暴自棄だろう	じぼうじきだろう	jibōjiki darō
Adverbial	自暴自棄に	じぼうじきに	jibōjiki ni
Degree	自暴自棄さ	じぼうじきさ	jibōjikisa

Inflection of 自暴自棄

Noun

自(じ)暴(ぼう)自(じ)棄(き) • (jibōjiki)

self-abandon, despair, abandon, desperation

Chinese