宿る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
宿
やど Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. A compound of 屋 (ya, “house; roof”) +‎ 取る (toru, “to take”). First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.^[1]

A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from 宿 (yado, “inn, hotel, lodging”). However, the Old Japanese spelling using man'yōgana was ⟨yado₂ru⟩, consistent with the compound derivation above. Meanwhile, the noun 宿 (yado, “inn, hotel, lodging”) was spelled ⟨yado₁, consistent with a derivation from 屋 (ya, “house; roof”) + 戸 (to, “door”, by extension, “house”).^[2] Consequently, aside from the initial 屋 (ya) in both terms, yadoru and yado are not actually directly related to each other.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) やどる [yàdóꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [ja̠do̞ɾɯ̟]

Verb

宿(やど)る • (yadoru) godan (stem 宿(やど)り (yadori), past 宿(やど)った (yadotta))

1. [from 720] to take shelter
   • 1941, Kyōka Izumi, Numa Fujin [Swamp Woman]‎:

     小(こ)松(まつ)原(ばら)は、旅(りょ)行(こう)中(ちゅう)、夏(なつ)の一(ひと)夜(よ)を、知(ちか)己(づき)の医(い)学(がく)士(し)の家(いえ)に宿(やど)ったのであった。

     Komatsubara wa, ryokō-chū, natsu no hitoyo o, chikazuki no igakushi no ie ni yadotta no de atta.

     One summer night on his journey, Komatsubara stayed in the house of a doctor friend of his.

2. [from 759] (figuratively) to be located at; to dwell

   言(こと)葉(ば)に宿(やど)るパワー

   kotoba ni yadoru pawā

   the power (vested) in words

   草(くさ)葉(ば)に宿(やど)る露(つゆ)

   kusaba ni yadoru tsuyu

   the dew among the grass

   不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な力(ちから)が宿(やど)る

   fushigi na chikara ga yadoru

   a mysterious power dwells

   神(かみ)様(さま)は細(さい)部(ぶ)に宿(やど)る

   kamisama wa saibu ni yadoru

   God is in the details

3. [from 1250] (of an unborn child) to be in the mother

   赤(あか)ちゃんがお腹(なか)に宿(やど)る

   akachan ga onaka ni yadoru

   to be pregnant

   (literally, “a child is in the belly”)

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	宿ら	やどら	yadora
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	宿り	やどり	yadori
Shūshikei ("terminal")	宿る	やどる	yadoru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	宿る	やどる	yadoru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	宿れ	やどれ	yadore
Meireikei ("imperative")	宿れ	やどれ	yadore
Key constructions
Passive	宿られる	やどられる	yadorareru
Causative	宿らせる 宿らす	やどらせる やどらす	yadoraseru yadorasu
Potential	宿れる	やどれる	yadoreru
Volitional	宿ろう	やどろう	yadorō
Negative	宿らない	やどらない	yadoranai
Negative continuative	宿らず	やどらず	yadorazu
Formal	宿ります	やどります	yadorimasu
Perfective	宿った	やどった	yadotta
Conjunctive	宿って	やどって	yadotte
Hypothetical conditional	宿れば	やどれば	yadoreba

Conjugation of "宿る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Derived terms

• 雨(あま)宿(やど)り (amayadori)
• 正(しょう)直(じき)の頭(こうべ)に神(かみ)宿(やど)る (shōjiki no kōbe ni kami yadoru)

References

1. “宿”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
2. “宿・屋戸・屋外”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN