反
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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反 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹水 (HE), four-corner 71247 or 72247, composition ⿸𠂆又(G) or ⿸厂又(TJK))
Historical forms of the character 反 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
扳 | *praːn, *pʰraːn |
板 | *praːnʔ |
版 | *praːnʔ |
瓪 | *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ |
昄 | *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ |
鈑 | *praːnʔ |
蝂 | *praːnʔ |
眅 | *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ |
阪 | *braːnʔ, *panʔ |
魬 | *braːnʔ |
粄 | *paːnʔ |
反 | *panʔ, *pʰan |
返 | *panʔ |
坂 | *panʔ |
畈 | *pans |
販 | *pans |
汳 | *pʰans |
飯 | *bonʔ, *bons |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *panʔ, *pʰan) : semantic 又 (“hand”) + phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns). The character originally depicted the action of turning the palm of the hand, and by extension, it came to mean "to return" or "to reverse."[1]
STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par (“to trade; to buy; to sell”), from which Tibetan ཕར (phar, “interest (on money); exchange”) is derived.
Cognate with 販 (OC *pans, “to trade”), which is an exoactive of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan, “to return, lit. to make someone return”) (Schuessler, 2007).
番 (OC *pʰan, “a turn; a time”) is the iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 反 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Closed |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 府遠切 |
Baxter | pjonX |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pʉɐnX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/pʷiɐnX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/piuɐnX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/puanX/ |
Li Rong |
/piuɐnX/ |
Wang Li |
/pĭwɐnX/ |
Bernhard Karlgren |
/pi̯wɐnX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fǎn |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
faan2 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 反 | 反 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
fǎn | fǎn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ bænX › | ‹ pjonX › |
Old Chinese |
/*[b]ˁranʔ/ | /*Cə.panʔ/ |
English | dignified, grand | reverse (v.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 反 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
No. | 2968 |
Phonetic component |
反 |
Rime group |
元 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
反 |
Old Chinese |
/*panʔ/ |
反
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 反 |
Reading # | 1/2 |
Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Closed |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 孚袁切 |
Baxter | phjon |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pʰʉɐn/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/pʰʷiɐn/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/pʰiuɐn/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pʰuan/ |
Li Rong |
/pʰiuɐn/ |
Wang Li |
/pʰĭwɐn/ |
Bernhard Karlgren |
/pʰi̯wɐn/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
fān |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
faan1 |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 反 |
Reading # | 2/2 |
No. | 2974 |
Phonetic component |
反 |
Rime group |
元 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
飜 |
Old Chinese |
/*pʰan/ |
反
反
反
For pronunciation and definitions of 反 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 反, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
From Middle Chinese 反 (MC pjonX).
Wikisource 反 (eumhun 되돌릴 반 (doedollil ban))
From Middle Chinese 反 (MC phjon).
Related to Middle Chinese 販 (MC pjonH).
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