tok

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tok"

Translingual

Symbol

tok

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Toki Pona.

Albanian

Etymology 1

An onomatopoeia, similar to Italian toccare (“to touch, to tap”).^[1]

Verb

tok (aorist toka, participle tokur) (transitive)

1. to cut or hit meat to mince it or make meatballs

   Synonym: grij

2. to sharpen (scythe or sickle)

   Synonym: kalit

   toku draprin ― tempering the sickle

3. knock

   Synonym: trokas

4. to hit (or handshake) someone's hand to greet them, toast someone by clinking glasses

   Synonym: çokas

   tokën duart ― they high fived

   tokën gotat ― they toasted with glasses

Alternative forms

• toku

Derived terms

• toka

Related terms

• tokë
• cek

Etymology 2

A semantic variation of the above mentioned verb.

Adverb

tok

1. together

   Synonyms: bashkërisht, grumbull, së bashku

References

1. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tok”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

Further reading

• “tok”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Russian ток (tok).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tok]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

tok (definite accusative toku, plural toklar)

1. (colloquial) current (electric)

   Synonym: cərəyan

   onu tok vurdu ― he got an electric shock

   toka qoşmaq ― to power up, to plug in

   toka vermək ― to give electric shocks (in order to torture or kill)

Declension

Declension of tok
	singular	plural
nominative	tok	toklar
definite accusative	toku	tokları
dative	toka	toklara
locative	tokda	toklarda
ablative	tokdan	toklardan
definite genitive	tokun	tokların

Possessive forms of tok
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	tokum	toklarım
sənin (“your”)	tokun	tokların
onun (“his/her/its”)	toku	tokları
bizim (“our”)	tokumuz	toklarımız
sizin (“your”)	tokunuz	toklarınız
onların (“their”)	toku or tokları	tokları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	tokumu	toklarımı
sənin (“your”)	tokunu	toklarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	tokunu	toklarını
bizim (“our”)	tokumuzu	toklarımızı
sizin (“your”)	tokunuzu	toklarınızı
onların (“their”)	tokunu or toklarını	toklarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	tokuma	toklarıma
sənin (“your”)	tokuna	toklarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	tokuna	toklarına
bizim (“our”)	tokumuza	toklarımıza
sizin (“your”)	tokunuza	toklarınıza
onların (“their”)	tokuna or toklarına	toklarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	tokumda	toklarımda
sənin (“your”)	tokunda	toklarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	tokunda	toklarında
bizim (“our”)	tokumuzda	toklarımızda
sizin (“your”)	tokunuzda	toklarınızda
onların (“their”)	tokunda or toklarında	toklarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	tokumdan	toklarımdan
sənin (“your”)	tokundan	toklarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	tokundan	toklarından
bizim (“our”)	tokumuzdan	toklarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	tokunuzdan	toklarınızdan
onların (“their”)	tokundan or toklarından	toklarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	tokumun	toklarımın
sənin (“your”)	tokunun	toklarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	tokunun	toklarının
bizim (“our”)	tokumuzun	toklarımızın
sizin (“your”)	tokunuzun	toklarınızın
onların (“their”)	tokunun or toklarının	toklarının

Further reading

• “tok” in Obastan.com.

Chickasaw

Particle

tok

1. particle used to express actions in the past.

   Hatuk nakni aiya achumpa tok.

   That man went to town.

   (literally, “That man go town (past tense).”)

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

tok

Wikipedia ^cs

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech tok, from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtok]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

tok m inan

1. flow

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	tok	toky
genitive	toku	toků
dative	toku	tokům
accusative	tok	toky
vocative	toku	toky
locative	toku	tocích
instrumental	tokem	toky

Declension of tok (velar masculine inanimate)

Further reading

• “tok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “tok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “tok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Faroese

Faroese Wikipedia has an article on:

tok

Wikipedia ^fo

Etymology

From Low German tog, from Middle Low German tog, from Old Saxon *tugi, from Proto-West Germanic *tugi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtʰoːk/
• Rhymes: -oːk

Noun

tok n (genitive singular toks, plural tok)

1. train

Declension

Declension of tok
n3	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tok	tokið	tok	tokini
accusative	tok	tokið	tok	tokini
dative	toki	tokinum	tokum	tokunum
genitive	toks	toksins	toka	tokanna

Derived terms

compounds

• tokferð
• tokrán
• tokránsmaður
• toksamanbrestur
• tokskifti
• tokstøð
• tokvanlukka
• tokvognur

 

References

• "tok" at Sprotin.fo

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtok]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tok
• Rhymes: -ok

Etymology 1

Unknown.^[1]

Noun

tok (plural tokok)

1. holder
2. case
3. cover
4. sheath

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	tok	tokok
accusative	tokot	tokokat
dative	toknak	tokoknak
instrumental	tokkal	tokokkal
causal-final	tokért	tokokért
translative	tokká	tokokká
terminative	tokig	tokokig
essive-formal	tokként	tokokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	tokban	tokokban
superessive	tokon	tokokon
adessive	toknál	tokoknál
illative	tokba	tokokba
sublative	tokra	tokokra
allative	tokhoz	tokokhoz
elative	tokból	tokokból
delative	tokról	tokokról
ablative	toktól	tokoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	toké	tokoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	tokéi	tokokéi

Possessive forms of tok
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	tokom	tokjaim
2nd person sing.	tokod	tokjaid
3rd person sing.	tokja	tokjai
1st person plural	tokunk	tokjaink
2nd person plural	tokotok	tokjaitok
3rd person plural	tokjuk	tokjaik

Derived terms

• tokmány

(Compound words):

• portok
• tokkal-vonóval

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from Turkic, probably before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries).^[1] Compare also Armenian թուխու (tʻuxu, “sturgeon”).

Noun

tok (plural tokok)

2. sturgeon (a type of fish)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	tok	tokok
accusative	tokot	tokokat
dative	toknak	tokoknak
instrumental	tokkal	tokokkal
causal-final	tokért	tokokért
translative	tokká	tokokká
terminative	tokig	tokokig
essive-formal	tokként	tokokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	tokban	tokokban
superessive	tokon	tokokon
adessive	toknál	tokoknál
illative	tokba	tokokba
sublative	tokra	tokokra
allative	tokhoz	tokokhoz
elative	tokból	tokokból
delative	tokról	tokokról
ablative	toktól	tokoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	toké	tokoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	tokéi	tokokéi

Possessive forms of tok
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	tokom	tokjaim
2nd person sing.	tokod	tokjaid
3rd person sing.	tokja	tokjai
1st person plural	tokunk	tokjaink
2nd person plural	tokotok	tokjaitok
3rd person plural	tokjuk	tokjaik

References

1. tok in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

• (case, sheath): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (sturgeon): tok in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Kokborok

Alternative forms

• tau

Etymology

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *tao² (“bird”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”). Cognate with Bodo (India) दाव (dao), Atong (India) taw·, Garo do·o.

Noun

tok

1. bird

References

• Debbarma, Binoy (2001) “tok”, in Concise Kokborok-English-Bengali Dictionary‎, Language Wing, Education Department, TTAADC, →ISBN, page 129

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

tok

1. simple past of ta

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

tok

1. past of ta and taka

Polabian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *takъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔk/

Pronoun

tok

1. such

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: tok
• Homophone: tog

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish tok, from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.

Noun

tok m inan

1. process

   Synonyms: proces, przebieg

2. course

   tok zdarzeń ― course of events

3. (in certain collocations) train

   tok myślenia ― train of thought

4. current (part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction)
5. (in compounds) -rrhea (excessive flow)

   ślinotok ― sialorrhea

   łojotok ― seborrhea

6. (ethology) courtship display

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	tok	toki
genitive	toku	toków
dative	tokowi	tokom
accusative	tok	toki
instrumental	tokiem	tokami
locative	toku	tokach
vocative	toku	toki

Declension of tok

Derived terms

nouns

• krwotok
• łojotok
• łzotok
• płynotok
• ropotok
• ślinotok
• tokowisko

 

preposition

• w toku

 

Related terms

noun

• potok

 

verb

• toczyć impf

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French toque.

Noun

tok m inan

1. (archaic) toque (type of hat)

   Synonym: toczek

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	tok	toki
genitive	toku	toków
dative	tokowi	tokom
accusative	tok	toki
instrumental	tokiem	tokami
locative	toku	tokach
vocative	toku	toki

Declension of tok

Further reading

• tok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• tok in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ. Cognate to e-grade tȅći.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tôːk/

Noun

tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)

1. flow
2. stream, current
3. flux

   sv(j)etlosni tok ― luminous flux

   energijski tok ― energy flux

4. (Croatia) spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	tȏk	tókovi
genitive	toka	tokova
dative	toku	tokovima
accusative	tok	tokove
vocative	toče	tokovi
locative	toku	tokovima
instrumental	tokom	tokovima

Declension of tok

Derived terms

• pòtok
• prítok
• pròtok
• tȏkom

 

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish طوقه (compare Turkish toka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tôːk/

Noun

tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)

1. (regional) sheath, scabbard

   Synonym: korice

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	tȏk	tòkovi
genitive	toka	tokova
dative	toku	tokovima
accusative	tok	tokove
vocative	toče	tokovi
locative	toku	tokovima
instrumental	tokom	tokovima

Declension of tok

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:

tok

Wikipedia ^sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɔk]

Noun

tok m inan (declension pattern of dub)

1. flow
2. current

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	tok	toky
genitive	toku	tokov
dative	toku	tokom
accusative	tok	toky
locative	toke	tokoch
instrumental	tokom	tokmi

Declension of tok

Further reading

• “tok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:

tok

Wikipedia ^sl

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *tokъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tóːk/

Noun

tọ̑k m inan

1. current

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing.	tók
gen. sing.	tóka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	tók	tokôva	tokôvi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	tóka	tokôv	tokôv
dative (dajȃlnik)	tóku	tokôvoma	tokôvom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	tók	tokôva	tokôve
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	tóku	tokôvih	tokôvih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	tókom	tokôvoma	tokôvi

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	tók
gen. sing.	tóka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	tók	tóka	tóki
genitive (rodȋlnik)	tóka	tókov	tókov
dative (dajȃlnik)	tóku	tókoma	tókom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	tók	tóka	tóke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	tóku	tókih	tókih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	tókom	tókoma	tóki

Etymology 2

From Hungarian tok.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɔ́k/, /tóːk/

Noun

tȍk or tọ̑k m inan

1. holder
2. case

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	tòk
gen. sing.	tóka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	tòk	tóka	tóki
genitive (rodȋlnik)	tóka	tókov	tókov
dative (dajȃlnik)	tóku	tókoma	tókom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	tòk	tóka	tóke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	tóku	tókih	tókih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	tókom	tókoma	tóki

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	tók
gen. sing.	tóka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	tók	tóka	tóki
genitive (rodȋlnik)	tóka	tókov	tókov
dative (dajȃlnik)	tóku	tókoma	tókom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	tók	tóka	tóke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	tóku	tókih	tókih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	tókom	tókoma	tóki

Further reading

• “tok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Southeastern Tepehuan

Etymology

Cognate with Northern Tepehuan tóki, O'odham toki.

Noun

tok

1. cotton

References

• R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎ (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 168

Swedish

Etymology

Dialectal, perhaps of imitative origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tuːk/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

tok c

1. crazy person, fool, wacko (stupid and/or crazy (and silly) person)

   köra som en tok

   drive like a fool/madman

2. shrubby cinquefoil (short form of ölandstok)

Declension

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	tok	toks
	definite	token	tokens
plural	indefinite	tokar	tokars
	definite	tokarna	tokarnas

Declension of tok

Derived terms

• tokrolig
• tokstolle

Related terms

• på tok
• tok-
• toka
• tokig
• tokighet

References

• tok in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tok in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tok in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• okt

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English talk.

Noun

tok

1. message; news; speech; announcement
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:22:

     Na God i mekim gutpela tok bilong givim strong long ol. Em i tokim ol olsem, “Yupela ol kain kain samting bilong solwara, yupela i mas kamap planti na pulapim olgeta hap bilong solwara. Na yupela ol pisin, yupela i mas kamap planti long graun.”

     →New International Version translation

2. rumour
3. word
4. language

Derived terms

• bekim tok
• Tok Pisin
• Tok Pisin bilong Solomon
• tokples

 

Related terms

• toktok

Verb

tok intrans., transitive tokim

1. (intransitive) to speak, talk
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:3:

     Na God i tok olsem, “Lait i mas kamap.” Orait lait i kamap.

     And God said this, "Light must appear." So light appeared.

Related terms

• tokim

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish طوق (ṭoḳ),^[1][2][3] from Proto-Turkic *tok, from *tod- (“to become satiated”) or *to- (“to fill up; to close, to block”).^[4][5][6]

Cognates

• Azerbaijani tox
• Bashkir туҡ (tuq)
• Crimean Tatar toq
• Karaim тох
• Karakhanid تُقْ (toq)
• Kazakh тоқ (toq)
• Kyrgyz ток (tok)
• Old Turkic 𐱃𐰸 (t¹q̊¹)
• Turkmen dok
• Uyghur توق (toq)
• Uzbek toʻq

Adjective

tok

1. Not hungry; sated, full.

   Synonym: doymuş

   Antonym: aç

2. (of fabric) thickly, densely woven
3. (of voice) deep and loud

Declension

present tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I am)	tokum	tok muyum?	tok değilim	tok değil miyim?
sen (you are)	toksun	tok musun?	tok değilsin	tok değil misin?
o (he/she/it is)	tok / toktur	tok mu?	tok değil	tok değil mi?
biz (we are)	tokuz	tok muyuz?	tok değiliz	tok değil miyiz?
siz (you are)	toksunuz	tok musunuz?	tok değilsiniz	tok değil misiniz?
onlar (they are)	tok(lar)	tok(lar) mı?	tok değil(ler)	tok değiller mi?
past tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	toktum	tok muydum?	tok değildim	tok değil miydim?
sen (you were)	toktun	tok muydun?	tok değildin	tok değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	toktu	tok muydu?	tok değildi	tok değil miydi?
biz (we were)	toktuk	tok muyduk?	tok değildik	tok değil miydik?
siz (you were)	toktunuz	tok muydunuz?	tok değildiniz	tok değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	toktular	tok muydular?	tok değildi(ler) / değillerdi	tok değil miydiler?
indirect past
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	tokmuşum	tok muymuşum?	tok değilmişim	tok değil miymişim?
sen (you were)	tokmuşsun	tok muymuşsun?	tok değilmişsin	tok değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	tokmuş	tok muymuş?	tok değilmiş	tok değil miymiş?
biz (we were)	tokmuşuz	tok muymuşuz?	tok değilmişiz	tok değil miymişiz?
siz (you were)	tokmuşsunuz	tok muymuşsunuz?	tok değilmişsiniz	tok değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	tokmuşlar	tok muymuşlar?	tok değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş	tok değil miymişler?
conditional
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (if I)	toksam	tok muysam?	tok değilsem	tok değil miysem?
sen (if you)	toksan	tok muysan?	tok değilsen	tok değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	toksa	tok muysa?	tok değilse	tok değil miyse?
biz (if we)	toksak	tok muysak?	tok değilsek	tok değil miysek?
siz (if you)	toksanız	tok muysanız?	tok değilseniz	tok değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	toksalar	tok muysalar?	tok değilseler / değillerse	tok değil miyseler?

predicative forms of tok

Derived terms

• gözü tok
• karnı tok
• tok açın hâlinden bilmez
• tok karnına
• tok tutmak
• tokgözlü
• tokluk

 

Related terms

• doldurmak
• dolgu
• dolgun
• dolma
• dolmak
• dolu
• doygun
• doymak

 

References

1. Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طوق”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1258
2. Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طوق”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 819
3. Şemseddin Sâmi (1899–1901) “طوق”, in قاموس تركی [kamus-ı türki] (in Ottoman Turkish), Constantinople: İkdam Matbaası, page 901
4. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 tok”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 464
5. Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dod-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
6. Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Further reading

• “tok”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tok³”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4848

Vilamovian

Etymology

From Middle High German tocke, from Old High German toccha (“doll”), from Proto-Germanic *dokko (“something round”), related to *dukkǭ (“muscle, strength”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeu-k- (“to spin, shake”); cognate with German Docke (“corn dolly”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

tok f (plural toka, diminutive takla)

1. doll

References

• Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.