pán

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pan"

Czech

Alternative forms

• pan (when used before a name, title, occuption etc)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech pán, from Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ. Cognate with Polish pan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpaːn]
• Hyphenation: pán
• Rhymes: -aːn

Noun

pán m anim (female equivalent paní, relational adjective pánský or pánův)

1. Mr
2. man, gentleman
3. master (someone who has control over something or someone)
4. master (owner of an animal or slave)
5. lord

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	pán	pánové, páni
genitive	pána	pánů
dative	pánovi, pánu	pánům
accusative	pána	pány
vocative	páne	pánové, páni
locative	pánovi, pánu	pánech
instrumental	pánem	pány

Declension of pán (hard masculine animate)

Related terms

(nouns):

• panáček
• panák
• panenka
• panic
• paní
• panna

See also

• sluha
• otrok
• kmán
• dáma

Further reading

• “pán”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “pán”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “pán”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Mandarin

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Romanization

pán (pan², Zhuyin ㄆㄢˊ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 媻
2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 幋
3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廿
4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 搫
5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 柈
6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 槃
7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 樆
8. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 泾
9. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 潒
10. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瀇 / 㲿
11. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瀊
12. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 爾 / 尔
13. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 番
14. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皡
15. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 盤 / 盘
16. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 磐
17. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 磻
18. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 緇 / 缁
19. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 縏
20. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 績 / 绩
21. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 胖
22. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 舢
23. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蒰
24. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 螋
25. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蟠
26. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 覍
27. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 跘
28. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蹐
29. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蹣 / 蹒
30. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鄱
31. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鎜
32. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鞶

Old Czech

Alternative forms

• hpán, pan (when used before a name, title, occuption etc)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈpaːn/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈpaːn/

Noun

pán m pers

1. man, gentleman
2. master
3. lord

Declension

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	pán	pány	páni, pánové
genitive	pána	pánú	pánóv
dative	pánu, pánovi	pánoma	pánóm
accusative	pána	pány	pány
vocative	pane	pány	páni, pánové
locative	pánu, pánovi	pánú	pániech
instrumental	pánem	pánoma	pány

Declension of pán (hard o-stem)

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

• panna
• panovati
• panovník
• panstvie
• panstvo
• paní
• páně

Descendants

• Czech: pán

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “pán”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Slovak

Etymology

From unattested *hpán (compare Old Czech hpán), from Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaːn/

Noun

pán m pers (female equivalent pani)

1. lord
2. mister

   pán Kováč ― Mr. Smith

3. sir
4. ruler
5. gentleman

   dámy a páni ― ladies and gentlemen

6. used before any title when addressing a male person

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	pán	páni
genitive	pána	pánov
dative	pánovi, pánu	pánom
accusative	pána	pánov
vocative	pane	páni
locative	pánovi, pánu	pánoch
instrumental	pánom	pánmi

Declension of pán (pattern chlap)

Derived terms

• Pán
• Pane Bože! (“My God!”)
• pán profesor (Professor)
• pán doktor (Doctor)
• pán kráľ (Lord King, i.e. Sire)

Further reading

• “pán”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025