laboro

See also: laboró

Catalan

Verb

laboro

1. first-person singular present indicative of laborar

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [laˈboro]
• Rhymes: -oro
• Hyphenation: la‧bo‧ro

Noun

laboro (accusative singular laboron, plural laboroj, accusative plural laborojn)

1. job, work

   Synonym: posteno

Derived terms

• labori
  • kunlabori
    • kunlaborado
    • kunlaboraĵo
  • eklabori
  • laborilo
  • laborema
    • mallaborema
• laborejo

See also

• ofico
• okupo (“occupation”)
• tasko (“task”)

Ido

Noun

laboro (plural labori)

1. work

Latin

Etymology

From labor.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /laˈboː.roː/, [ɫ̪äˈboːroː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /laˈbo.ro/, [läˈbɔːro]

Verb

labōrō (present infinitive labōrāre, perfect active labōrāvī, supine labōrātum); first conjugation, limited passive

1. to toil, labor, work

   Synonyms: operor, exerceō, vertō, versō

2. to endeavor, strive

   Synonyms: lūctor, ēlabōrō, certō, cōnītor, cōnor, temptō, appetō, affectō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, ēnītor, contendō, adnītor, īnsequor, pugnō, molior, perīclitor, nītor, spectō

3. to suffer, be oppressed, be afflicted with
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.10:

     ne ab re frumentaria duris subvectionibus laboraret

     lest he should be afflicted with hard conveyances by the provisions

4. to be imperiled
5. (transitive) to produce
6. to eclipse (said of the sun or moon)

Conjugation

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	labōrō	labōrās	labōrat	labōrāmus	labōrātis	labōrant
	imperfect	labōrābam	labōrābās	labōrābat	labōrābāmus	labōrābātis	labōrābant
	future	labōrābō	labōrābis	labōrābit	labōrābimus	labōrābitis	labōrābunt
	perfect	labōrāvī	labōrāvistī, labōrāstī1	labōrāvit, labōrāt1	labōrāvimus, labōrāmus1	labōrāvistis, labōrāstis1	labōrāvērunt, labōrāvēre, labōrārunt1
	pluperfect	labōrāveram, labōrāram1	labōrāverās, labōrārās1	labōrāverat, labōrārat1	labōrāverāmus, labōrārāmus1	labōrāverātis, labōrārātis1	labōrāverant, labōrārant1
	future perfect	labōrāverō, labōrārō1	labōrāveris, labōrāris1	labōrāverit, labōrārit1	labōrāverimus, labōrārimus1	labōrāveritis, labōrāritis1	labōrāverint, labōrārint1
passive	present	—	—	labōrātur	—	—	labōrantur
	imperfect	—	—	labōrābātur	—	—	labōrābantur
	future	—	—	labōrābitur	—	—	labōrābuntur
	perfect	—	—	labōrātus est	—	—	labōrātī sunt
	pluperfect	—	—	labōrātus erat	—	—	labōrātī erant
	future perfect	—	—	labōrātus erit	—	—	labōrātī erunt
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	labōrem	labōrēs	labōret	labōrēmus	labōrētis	labōrent
imperfect	labōrārem	labōrārēs	labōrāret	labōrārēmus	labōrārētis	labōrārent
perfect	labōrāverim, labōrārim1	labōrāverīs, labōrārīs1	labōrāverit, labōrārit1	labōrāverīmus, labōrārīmus1	labōrāverītis, labōrārītis1	labōrāverint, labōrārint1
pluperfect	labōrāvissem, labōrāssem1	labōrāvissēs, labōrāssēs1	labōrāvisset, labōrāsset1	labōrāvissēmus, labōrāssēmus1	labōrāvissētis, labōrāssētis1	labōrāvissent, labōrāssent1
passive	present	—	—	labōrētur	—	—	labōrentur
imperfect	—	—	labōrārētur	—	—	labōrārentur
perfect	—	—	labōrātus sit	—	—	labōrātī sint
pluperfect	—	—	labōrātus esset, labōrātus foret	—	—	labōrātī essent, labōrātī forent
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	labōrā	—	—	labōrāte	—
	future	—	labōrātō	labōrātō	—	labōrātōte	labōrantō
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		labōrāre	labōrāvisse, labōrāsse1	labōrātūrum esse	labōrārī	labōrātum esse	labōrātum īrī
participles		labōrāns	—	labōrātūrus	—	labōrātus	labōrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		labōrandī	labōrandō	labōrandum	labōrandō	labōrātum	labōrātū

   Conjugation of labōrō (first conjugation, only third-person forms in passive)

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• collabōrō
• ēlabōrō
• labōrātor

Related terms

• labor
• labōriōsus

Descendants

• Dalmatian:
  • lavorar
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: lavorare
  • Neapolitan: laurà, laborà (“plough”)
  • Sicilian: lavurari (“to plough”)
  • Tuscan and Central Italian: lavorà, laorà (“plough, work”)
• Padanian: (trisyllabic forms may be borrowed from Italian)
  • Emilian: lavorar, laurar
  • Friulian: lavorâ
  • Istriot: lavurà
  • Lombard: laurà
  • Piedmontese: lauré (“plough”)
  • Romansch: lavurar, luvrar (Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)
  • Venetan: łavorar, łaorar, laorar, lavorar
• Southern Gallo-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
  • Aragonese: labrar

    Ribagorçan: llaurar, llabrar

  • Old Catalan: laurar
    • Catalan: llaurar
  • Old Occitan: laorar
    • Occitan: laurar, laborar, lavorar

      Septentrional Lengadocian: llaurar

• Ibero-Romance (all meaning 'plough'):
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: llabrar
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: lavrar
    • Galician: labrar
    • Portuguese: lavrar
  • Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: labrar
• Borrowings:
  • → Albanian: lëroj
  • → Asturian: llaborar
  • → Catalan: laborar
  • → Galician: laborar
  • → Old French: laborer
    • Middle French: labourer
      • French: labourer
    • Norman: labouother
    • → Middle English: labouren
      • English: labour, labor (US)
      • Scots: laubour
  • → Portuguese: laborar
  • → Spanish: laborar

References

• “laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “laboro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• laboro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be tormented by hunger, to be starving: fame laborare, premi
    
  • to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
    
  • to suffer from want of a thing: inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi
    
  • to expend great labour on a thing: operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere
    
  • to work without intermission: laborem non intermittere
    
  • to lose one's labour: inanem laborem suscipere
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: contendere et laborare, ut
    
  • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
    
  • not to trouble oneself about a thing: non laborare de aliqua re
    
  • to have pecuniary difficulties: laborare de pecunia
    
  • (ambiguous) to drain the cup of sorrow: omnes labores exanclare
    
  • (ambiguous) rest after toil is sweet: acti labores iucundi (proverb.)
    

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laˈboɾo/ [laˈβ̞o.ɾo]
• Rhymes: -oɾo
• Syllabification: la‧bo‧ro

Verb

laboro

1. first-person singular present indicative of laborar