Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (standard) /ˈθɛɾto/ [ˈθɛɾ.t̪ʊ]
- IPA(key): (seseo) /ˈsɛɾto/ [ˈsɛɾ.t̪ʊ]
- Rhymes: -ɛɾto
- Hyphenation: cer‧to
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “certo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “certo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “certo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “certo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “certo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃɛr.to/
- Rhymes: -ɛrto
- Hyphenation: cèr‧to
Adjective
certo (feminine certa, masculine plural certi, feminine plural certe, superlative certissimo)
- certain, sure
- reliable
- real, true
Dante,
Inferno 1.66:
- qual che tu sii, od ombra od omo certo!
- 1867 translation by Longfellow
- whiche’er thou art, or shade or real man!
- (preposition) some, certain
Etymology 1
From certus (“resolved, certain”) + -ō.
Verb
certō (present infinitive certāre, perfect active certāvī, supine certātum); first conjugation
- to match, vie with, emulate
- Synonym: aemulor
- to fight, wrestle
- Synonyms: lūctor, repugnō, pugnō, contendō, dēcernō, concurrō, bellō, dīmicō, cōnflīgō, committō, serō, dēcertō
- to contend, compete, race
- to struggle, strive
- Synonyms: lūctor, cōnītor, cōnor, ēlabōrō, temptō, affectō, adnītor, īnsequor, appetō, labōrō, tendō, quaerō, studeō, ēnītor, pugnō, mōlior, contendō, perīclitor, spectō, nītor
- (military) to fight it out
- (law) to dispute
- Synonyms: dēcertō, contendō
- (with infinitive) to try hard
Vergilius,
Aeneid X, 130:
- Hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxis
- These try to defend with javelins, those with stones
Conjugation
More information Conjugation of certō (first conjugation), indicative ...
Conjugation of certō (first conjugation) |
indicative |
singular |
plural |
first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
active |
present |
certō |
certās |
certat |
certāmus |
certātis |
certant |
imperfect |
certābam |
certābās |
certābat |
certābāmus |
certābātis |
certābant |
future |
certābō |
certābis |
certābit |
certābimus |
certābitis |
certābunt |
perfect |
certāvī |
certāvistī, certāstī2 |
certāvit, certāt2 |
certāvimus, certāmus2 |
certāvistis, certāstis2 |
certāvērunt, certāvēre, certārunt2 |
pluperfect |
certāveram, certāram2 |
certāverās, certārās2 |
certāverat, certārat2 |
certāverāmus, certārāmus2 |
certāverātis, certārātis2 |
certāverant, certārant2 |
future perfect |
certāverō, certārō2 |
certāveris, certāris2 |
certāverit, certārit2 |
certāverimus, certārimus2 |
certāveritis, certāritis2 |
certāverint, certārint2 |
passive |
present |
certor |
certāris, certāre |
certātur |
certāmur |
certāminī |
certantur |
imperfect |
certābar |
certābāris, certābāre |
certābātur |
certābāmur |
certābāminī |
certābantur |
future |
certābor |
certāberis, certābere |
certābitur |
certābimur |
certābiminī |
certābuntur |
perfect |
certātus + present active indicative of sum |
pluperfect |
certātus + imperfect active indicative of sum |
future perfect |
certātus + future active indicative of sum |
subjunctive |
singular |
plural |
first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
active |
present |
certem |
certēs |
certet |
certēmus |
certētis |
certent |
imperfect |
certārem |
certārēs |
certāret |
certārēmus |
certārētis |
certārent |
perfect |
certāverim, certārim2 |
certāverīs, certārīs2 |
certāverit, certārit2 |
certāverīmus, certārīmus2 |
certāverītis, certārītis2 |
certāverint, certārint2 |
pluperfect |
certāvissem, certāssem2 |
certāvissēs, certāssēs2 |
certāvisset, certāsset2 |
certāvissēmus, certāssēmus2 |
certāvissētis, certāssētis2 |
certāvissent, certāssent2 |
passive |
present |
certer |
certēris, certēre |
certētur |
certēmur |
certēminī |
certentur |
imperfect |
certārer |
certārēris, certārēre |
certārētur |
certārēmur |
certārēminī |
certārentur |
perfect |
certātus + present active subjunctive of sum |
pluperfect |
certātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum |
imperative |
singular |
plural |
first |
second |
third |
first |
second |
third |
active |
present |
— |
certā |
— |
— |
certāte |
— |
future |
— |
certātō |
certātō |
— |
certātōte |
certantō |
passive |
present |
— |
certāre |
— |
— |
certāminī |
— |
future |
— |
certātor |
certātor |
— |
— |
certantor |
non-finite forms |
active |
passive |
present |
perfect |
future |
present |
perfect |
future |
infinitives |
certāre |
certāvisse, certāsse2 |
certātūrum esse |
certārī, certārier1 |
certātum esse |
certātum īrī |
participles |
certāns |
— |
certātūrus |
— |
certātus |
certandus |
verbal nouns |
gerund |
supine |
genitive |
dative |
accusative |
ablative |
accusative |
ablative |
certandī |
certandō |
certandum |
certandō |
certātum |
certātū |
Close
1The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
2At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
References
- Professor Kidd, et al. Collins Gem Latin Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers (Glasgow: 2004). →ISBN. page 54.
Adjective
certo (feminine certa, masculine plural certos, feminine plural certas, comparable, comparative mais certo, superlative o mais certo or certíssimo, diminutive certinho)
- right; correct (not containing errors)
- Synonym: correto
- Antonyms: errado, incorreto
- A resposta está certa. ― The answer is correct.
- certain; sure (without doubt)
- Antonym: incerto
- 1572, Luís Vaz de Camões, Os Lusíadas, 8th canto:
Que leuar a ſeu Rei hum ſinal certo / Do mundo, que deixa deſcuberto.- Than taking to his king a certain sign / Of the world he leaves discovered.
- precise; accurate
- Synonyms: certeiro, preciso
- Antonym: impreciso
- morally right; just
- inevitable (impossible to avoid or prevent)
- Synonym: inevitável
- Antonym: evitável
- A morte é certa. ― Death is inevitable.
Adverb
certo (comparable, comparative mais certo, superlative o mais certo)
- correctly
- Synonym: corretamente
- Antonyms: erroneamente, incorretamente
- Fernando Pessoa (heteronym Alberto Caeiro), O espelho reflecte certo:
O espelho reflecte certo; não erra porque não pensa.- The mirror reflects correctly; it doesn't miss because it doesn't think.
- surely
- Synonyms: certamente, por certo, indubitavelmente, sem dúvida
- 1572, Luís Vaz de Camões, Os Lusíadas, 2nd canto:
Mas tu, em quem muy certo confiamos- But you, who we very surely trust.