cerno

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈsɛr.nu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈsɛr.no]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈsɛɾ.no]

Verb

cerno

1. first-person singular present indicative of cerndre

Galician

Etymology

Perhaps from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *kernô (“kernel”). Compare Icelandic, Faroese, Old Norse kjarni (“kernel, core”).

Noun

cerno m (plural cernos)

1. Alternative form of cerna (“kernel, core; sap; heartwood, duramen; pith”)
   • 1459, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 441:

     Fernán Gonçalues de Lamella se obrigou de dar en nome do conçello de çidade d'Ourense çento táboas et quarenta madeyros en esta maneyra que se sige: las táboas que aja cada hua des pees do dito Fernán Garçía et de la anchura, segundo está aquí asinallada de maao a maao, et an de auer de gordo dous dedos et que sejan dereytas e chaas e boas e merchinas sen furados, et os quarenta madeyros an de seer en esta maneyra que se sige: de ancho como está asinallado de maao en maao et de alto a terçeera maao, et an de auer de longo dose pees ou mays, et destes madeyros ha de auer quatro que an de auer des et oyto pees en longo ou mays, se mays poderen auer, et estes madeyros an de seer de çerno de carballo et as táboas de castaño

     Fernán Gonzalvez de Lamela committed himself to give, in the name of the city council of Ourense, a hundred boards and forty planks, in this way: each one of the boards must be ten feet, of this Fernán García, in long; and in width as it is here consigned from hand to hand; and they should be two inches in thickness; and they should be straight and level and good without holes. And the forty planks must be made in this way: in width as it is consigned, from hand to hand, in high to the third hand; and they must have twelve feet or more in long; and of these planks four must be eighteen feet or more in long, as long as they can be made; and these planks must be made in oak heartwood, and the boards in chestnut.

Adjective

cerno (feminine cerna, masculine plural cernos, feminine plural cernas)

1. steady, firm, upright
2. hard
3. inner

References

• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “çerno”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cerno”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cerno”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cerno”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Italian

Verb

cerno

1. first-person singular present indicative of cernere

Anagrams

• necro-

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *krinō, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to sieve”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō), English ridder, riddle (“sieve”), and possibly English rinse.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈker.noː/, [ˈkɛrnoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃer.no/, [ˈt͡ʃɛrno]

Verb

cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation

1. to distinguish, divide, separate, sift

   Synonyms: aufero, eripio, diripio, excludo, distraho, tollo

2. to perceive, see, discern, behold

   Synonyms: percipiō, sentiō, audiō, videō, cōnspicor

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.401:

     Migrantis cernās, tōtāque ex urbe ruentis.

     You could see [the Trojans] moving about, and rushing out from the whole city [of Carthage].
     (Poetic use of the present active subjunctive to engage the imagination.)

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.671–672:

     nunc quoque, sē suprā nē quid nisi sīdera cernat,
     exiguum templī tēcta forāmen habent.

     Even now, so that he may see nothing except the stars above him,
     the roof of the temple has a tiny opening.
     (Ancient Romans believed that Terminus (god), protector of boundary stones, had refused to yield the ground of his own shrine – located inconveniently on the site where the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus was to be built. And that is why Jupiter's great temple honored the immovable will of Terminus by way of a sacred stone or altar with a clear sightline to the stars.)

3. to (intellectually) comprehend, discern, regard, understand

   Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, sciō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, inveniō, tongeō, audiō

   Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō

4. to decide

   Synonyms: statuō, dēcernō, parō, cōnstituō, placeō

Conjugation

Conjugation of cernō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cernō	cernis	cernit	cernimus	cernitis	cernunt
	imperfect	cernēbam	cernēbās	cernēbat	cernēbāmus	cernēbātis	cernēbant
	future	cernam	cernēs	cernet	cernēmus	cernētis	cernent
	perfect	crēvī	crēvistī, crēstī1	crēvit, crēt1	crēvimus, crēmus1	crēvistis, crēstis1	crēvērunt, crēvēre, crērunt1
	pluperfect	crēveram, crēram1	crēverās, crērās1	crēverat, crērat1	crēverāmus, crērāmus1	crēverātis, crērātis1	crēverant, crērant1
	future perfect	crēverō, crērō1	crēveris, crēris1	crēverit, crērit1	crēverimus, crērimus1	crēveritis, crēritis1	crēverint, crērint1
passive	present	cernor	cerneris, cernere	cernitur	cernimur	cerniminī	cernuntur
	imperfect	cernēbar	cernēbāris, cernēbāre	cernēbātur	cernēbāmur	cernēbāminī	cernēbantur
	future	cernar	cernēris, cernēre	cernētur	cernēmur	cernēminī	cernentur
	perfect	crētus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	crētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	crētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cernam	cernās	cernat	cernāmus	cernātis	cernant
	imperfect	cernerem	cernerēs	cerneret	cernerēmus	cernerētis	cernerent
	perfect	crēverim, crērim1	crēverīs, crērīs1	crēverit, crērit1	crēverīmus, crērīmus1	crēverītis, crērītis1	crēverint, crērint1
	pluperfect	crēvissem, crēssem1	crēvissēs, crēssēs1	crēvisset, crēsset1	crēvissēmus, crēssēmus1	crēvissētis, crēssētis1	crēvissent, crēssent1
passive	present	cernar	cernāris, cernāre	cernātur	cernāmur	cernāminī	cernantur
	imperfect	cernerer	cernerēris, cernerēre	cernerētur	cernerēmur	cernerēminī	cernerentur
	perfect	crētus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	crētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cerne	—	—	cernite	—
	future	—	cernitō	cernitō	—	cernitōte	cernuntō
passive	present	—	cernere	—	—	cerniminī	—
	future	—	cernitor	cernitor	—	—	cernuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cernere	crēvisse, crēsse1	crētūrum esse	cernī	crētum esse	crētum īrī
participles		cernēns	—	crētūrus	—	crētus	cernendus, cernundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cernendī	cernendō	cernendum	cernendō	crētum	crētū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• certus
• concernō
• crētiō
• crētūra
• crētus
• crībrum
• crīmen
• dēcernō
• discernō
• excernō
• incernō
• sēcernō
• succernō
• supercernō

 

Related terms

• certābundus
• certāmen
• certāminō
• certātim
• certātiō
• certātivē
• certātor
• certātus
• certē
• certificō
• certissō
• certitūdō
• certō
• concertātiō
• concertātīvus
• concertātor
• concertātōrius
• concertō
• concrīminor
• condēcernō
• crībellō
• crībellum
• crībrārius
• crībrātus
• crībrō
• crīminālis
• crīmināliter
• crīminātiō
• crīminātor
• crīminātrīx
• crīminātus
• crīminor
• crīminōsē
• crīminōsus
• decertātiō
• decertātor
• decertō
• dēcrētālis
• dēcrētiō
• dēcrētōrius
• dēcrētum
• dēcrētus
• discernenter
• discernibilis
• discerniculum
• discrētē
• discrētim
• discrētiō
• discrētīvē
• discrētīvus
• discrētor
• discrētōrium
• discrētus
• discrīmen
• discrīminālis
• discrīminātim
• discrīminātiō
• discrīminātor
• discrīminātrīx
• discrīminō
• discrīminōsius
• excrēta
• excrētiō
• excrētus
• incertē
• incertō
• incertum
• incertus
• incrētus
• incribrātus
• incrīminātiō
• incrīminō
• indiscrētē
• indiscrētiō
• indiscrētus
• indiscrīminābilis
• indiscrīminātim
• percrībrō
• perincertus
• praecertātiō
• sēcrētāria
• sēcrētārium
• sēcrētē
• sēcrētim
• sēcrētiō
• sēcrētō
• sēcrētum
• sēcrētus
• succrētus
• supercertō
• superincernō

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: ntsernu, ntsearniri, tsernu
  • Romanian: cerne, cernere
• Italo-Romance:
  • Central Italian: cèrne
  • Corsican: cèrne
  • Italian: cernere
  • Neapolitan: cernere (Calabrian)
  • Sicilian: cèrniri
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: sernar, scernir
  • Friulian: cerni
  • Ligurian: cerner
  • Old Lombard: cerner
    • Lombard: scernir, sern, sernar
  • Old Venetian: zarnir, cernir
    • Venetian: sernìr, sèrner
  • Piedmontese: serne, sernie

    Alpine: scerna, cerna

  • Romansch: tscherner, tscharner
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Francoprovençal: cierdre
    • Franco-Provençal: cierdre, cedre, cherdre
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: cerner, cernar
  • Catalan: cendre, cenre, cerndre
  • Gascon: cèrner, cernir
  • Provençal: cèrner, cernir
  • Vivaro-Alpine: cernir, çarnir
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: cernir
  • Portuguese: cernir
  • Spanish: cerner, cernir
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian:

    Campidanese: cerriri, cerri

    Logudorese: chernere, cherrere

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “cĕrnĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 606

Further reading

• “cerno”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cerno”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cerno in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• cerno in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to see clearly, distinctly: cernere et videre aliquid
    
  • the world of sense, the visible world: res quas oculis cernimus
    
  • it is evident from..: cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re)
    
  • to take possession of an inheritance: hereditatem adire, cernere