量

量 U+91CF, 量 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CF ← 野 [U+91CE] CJK Unified Ideographs 釐 → [U+91D0]

量 U+F97E, 量 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97E ← 諒 [U+F97D] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勵 → [U+F97F]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

Stroke order (Taiwan)

量 (Kangxi radical 166, 里+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日一田土 (AMWG), four-corner 6010₄, composition ⿱旦里)

Derived characters

• 糧 𡑆 𪬨 𣛀 𪷑 𤎲 𫓉 𩞯(䭪) 𣊼 𪋥
• 𫾄 𬎎 𭿝 𬓾 𮡛 𭨎 𬉨

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1292, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40138
• Dae Jaweon: page 1794, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3683, character 2
• Unihan data for U+91CF
• Unihan data for U+F97E

Chinese

simp. and trad.		量
2nd round simp.		𰅊
alternative forms		𣊹 𨤥 𨤦

Wikipedia has an article on:

• 量

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 量
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
糧	*raŋ
量	*raŋ, *raŋs

Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Inconclusive. In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, the most common form was 日 (“sun”) + 東 (“bag; east”). Here are a few proposed interpretations as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) :

• 日 was sometimes replaced with 田, so Qiu Xigui thinks that it may be the original character of 糧 (OC *raŋ, “grain field”).
• Yu Xingwu interprets it as measuring something under the sun.
• Guo Moruo interprets it as the sun rising in the east – original character of 亮 (OC *raŋs).
• Huang Dekuan suspects the 日 is actually 昜 (OC *laŋ) as the phonetic component.

Shuowen interprets this as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋ, *raŋs) : phonetic 曏 (OC *qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs) + 重 (“weight; heavy”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)raŋ (“to count, to measure”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate to Tibetan བགྲང (bgrang, “to count”), Khaling ʾkhran-ne, Burmese ခြင် (hkrang, “to measure capacity”), Nusu xɹɯ³¹ (“to count”).

Pronunciation 2 is possibly a *-s suffixed exopassive derivation of Pronunciation 1; thus it means "what is measured → a measure" and is cognate to Tibetan གྲངས (grangs, “number”) (see also Unger (1983))

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character	量
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Baxter	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng4

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	量
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ/
English	measure (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	量
Reading #	1/2
No.	8064
Phonetic component	量
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
Notes	甲金文下從東， 上日甲文作囗， 象估量下種範圍， 非曏聲

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): liáng (liang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): niang²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liong²

• Eastern Min (BUC): liòng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nieo² / niu² / lyong² / lyeng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁵ / nion⁵ / niên⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lian

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
    • Wade–Giles: liang²
    • Yale: lyáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
    • Palladius: лян (ljan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: niang²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niaŋ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: loeng⁴
    • Yale: lèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: liong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liong²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liong²
    • Sinological IPA: /liɔŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nieo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nieu¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: niu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niu¹³/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyɒŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyøŋ¹³/

Note:

• nieo2/niu2 - vernacular;
• lyong2/lyeng2 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
    • Tâi-lô: niû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen): /niũ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
    • Tâi-lô: niôo
    • IPA (Tainan): /niɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
    • Tâi-lô: liông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
    • Tâi-lô: liâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/
Note:
• niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
• liông/liâng - literary.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liang⁵ / nion⁵ / niên⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâng / niôⁿ / niêⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ⁵⁵/, /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /nĩẽ⁵⁵/
Note:
• liang5 - literary;
• nion5/niên5 - vernacular (niên5 - Chaozhou).
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lian
    • MiniDict: lian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liã²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljang

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/

Definitions

量

1. to measure
2. to estimate; to evaluate

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		量
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	量
	Harbin	量
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	量
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	量
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	量
	Wanrong	量
	Xi'an	量
	Xining	量
	Xuzhou	量
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	量
	Ürümqi	量
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	量
	Guiyang	量
	Guilin	量
	Liuzhou	量
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	量
	Yangzhou	量
Cantonese	Hong Kong	度, 量
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	量
Wu	Shanghai	量

Dialectal synonyms of 量 (“to measure”) [map]

Compounds

• 三角測量／三角测量
• 丈量 (zhàngliáng)
• 不可限量 (bùkě xiànliàng)
• 不量
• 五量店
• 以升量石
• 品量
• 唱籌量沙／唱筹量沙
• 工程測量／工程测量
• 平量
• 平面測量／平面测量
• 度量
• 思量 (sīliáng)
• 拇量
• 掂量 (diānliáng)
• 摸量
• 斗量車載／斗量车载
• 斟量
• 智量
• 東量西折／东量西折
• 權量／权量
• 毫不思量
• 水準測量／水准测量
• 沒量斗
• 海水難量／海水难量
• 測量／测量 (cèliáng)
• 測量學／测量学 (cèliángxué)
• 測量衛星／测量卫星
• 照相測量／照相测量
• 玉尺量才
• 稱薪量水／称薪量水
• 端量
• 籌量／筹量
• 考量 (kǎoliáng)
• 胡思亂量／胡思乱量
• 自由裁量
• 衡石量書／衡石量书
• 衡量 (héngliáng)
• 裁量 (cáiliáng)
• 計量／计量
• 評量／评量 (pínglián)
• 論量／论量
• 費商量／费商量
• 費思量／费思量
• 路線測量／路线测量
• 車載斗量／车载斗量 (chēzàidǒuliàng)
• 酌量
• 量值
• 量具 (liángjù)
• 量匙
• 量度
• 量杯 (liángbēi)
• 量測／量测
• 量熱計／量热计
• 量筒 (liángtǒng)
• 量能課稅／量能课税
• 量角器 (liángjiǎoqì)
• 量酒
• 量酒人
• 量雨表
• 量體裁衣／量体裁衣
• 限量 (xiànliàng)

 

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character	量
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力讓切
Baxter	ljangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/liaŋH/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	量
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liàng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljangH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ-s/
English	measure (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	量
Reading #	2/2
No.	8065
Phonetic component	量
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亮
Old Chinese	/*raŋs/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): liàng (liang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): niang⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): liong⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liong

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liong⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): lion³
• Eastern Min (BUC): liông
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nieo⁵ / niu⁵ / lyong⁵ / lyeng⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): niū / niō͘ / liōng / liāng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lian

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liàng
    • Wade–Giles: liang⁴
    • Yale: lyàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianq
    • Palladius: лян (ljan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: niang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niaŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: loeng⁶
    • Yale: leuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: liong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɔŋ¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liong
    • Hakka Romanization System: liong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /liɔŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lion³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /liɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uɔŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nieo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nieu²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: niu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niu²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyɒŋ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyøŋ²¹/

Note:

• nieo5/niu5 - vernacular;
• lyong5/lyeng5 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niū
    • Tâi-lô: niū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: niu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /niũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /niũ²²/
    • IPA (Lukang): /niũ³¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /niũ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niō͘
    • Tâi-lô: niōo
    • IPA (Tainan): /niɔ̃³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liōng
    • Tâi-lô: liōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liāng
    • Tâi-lô: liāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ²²/
Note:
• niū/niō͘ - vernacular;
• liōng/liāng - literary.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lian
    • MiniDict: lian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liã²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljangH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raŋs/

Definitions

量

1. (historical) measuring vessel, such as the dou or hu
2. measure; measurement; quantity
3. capacity; volume
4. (Buddhist logic) pramana
5. (Southern Min) large steelyard
6. to estimate; to approximate

Compounds

• 不定量
• 不料量
• 不自量 (bùzìliàng)
• 不自量力 (bùzìliànglì)
• 不量力
• 乾量／干量
• 交通流量
• 交通量
• 估量
• 儘量／尽量
• 儲水量／储水量
• 充其量 (chōngqíliàng)
• 先識遠量／先识远量
• 光通量
• 克當量／克当量
• 公路容量
• 分子量 (fēnzǐliàng)
• 分量
• 前途無量／前途无量 (qiántúwúliàng)
• 劑量／剂量 (jìliàng)
• 力量 (lìliàng)
• 功德無量／功德无量 (gōngdéwúliàng)
• 加氯量
• 化學當量／化学当量 (huàxué dāngliàng)
• 原子量 (yuánzǐliàng)
• 向量 (xiàngliàng)
• 吞吐量 (tūntǔliàng)
• 吸收劑量／吸收剂量
• 含水量 (hánshuǐliàng)
• 含沙量
• 含量 (hánliàng)
• 器量 (qìliàng)
• 四無量心／四无量心
• 垃圾量
• 多量 (duōliàng)
• 夠分量／够分量
• 大人大量
• 大福大量
• 大量 (dàliàng)
• 存量 (cúnliàng)
• 宇量
• 定量 (dìngliàng)
• 寬宏大量／宽宏大量 (kuānhóng dàliàng)
• 寬洪大量／宽洪大量
• 寬洪海量／宽洪海量
• 小量 (xiǎoliàng)
• 少量 (shǎoliàng)
• 局量
• 屈量
• 常量 (chángliàng)
• 年產量／年产量 (niánchǎnliàng)
• 度德量力
• 度量器
• 度量衡 (dùliànghéng)
• 式量 (shìliàng)
• 弘量
• 微量 (wēiliàng)
• 微量元素 (wēiliàng yuánsù)
• 志量
• 忖量 (cǔnliàng)
• 恆量／恒量
• 成交量 (chéngjiāoliàng)
• 打量
• 批量 (pīliàng)
• 排水量
• 放量
• 數量／数量 (shùliàng)
• 數量詞／数量词
• 有量 (yǒuliàng)
• 未可限量
• 極量／极量
• 比權量力／比权量力
• 比量齊觀／比量齐观
• 水量 (shuǐliàng)
• 洪量 (hóngliàng)
• 流量 (liúliàng)
• 海量 (hǎiliàng)
• 漁獲量／渔获量
• 潮氣量／潮气量 (cháoqìliàng)
• 無量／无量 (wúliàng)
• 無量壽佛／无量寿佛
• 無量壽經／无量寿经
• 物理量 (wùlǐliàng)
• 生產量／生产量
• 產量／产量 (chǎnliàng)
• 盡量／尽量 (jìnliàng)
• 矢量 (shǐliàng)
• 碩量／硕量
• 等量 (děngliàng)
• 等量齊觀／等量齐观
• 羽量級／羽量级
• 聲量／声量
• 肚量 (dùliàng)
• 肺活量 (fèihuóliàng)
• 能量 (néngliàng)
• 腦量／脑量
• 膽量／胆量 (dǎnliàng)
• 自不量力 (zìbùliànglì)
• 自量 (zìliàng)
• 致死量 (zhìsǐliàng)
• 落塵量／落尘量
• 藥量／药量
• 血量 (xuèliàng)
• 衝量／冲量 (chōngliàng)
• 複合量詞／复合量词
• 記憶容量／记忆容量
• 識量弘恢／识量弘恢
• 負荷量／负荷量
• 質量／质量
• 質量數／质量数 (zhìliàngshù)
• 跑道容量
• 軌量／轨量
• 載客量／载客量
• 較時量力／较时量力
• 較短量長／较短量长
• 載重量／载重量 (zàizhòngliàng)
• 較量／较量 (jiàoliàng)
• 輕量貨幣／轻量货币
• 道路容量
• 運量／运量
• 過量／过量 (guòliàng)
• 適量／适量 (shìliàng)
• 酒量 (jiǔliàng)
• 重量 (zhòngliàng)
• 重量級／重量级 (zhòngliàngjí)
• 量入為出／量入为出 (liàngrùwéichū)
• 量出制入
• 量刑 (liàngxíng)
• 量力而為／量力而为 (liànglì'érwéi)
• 量力而行 (liànglì'érxíng)
• 量化 (liànghuà)
• 量大
• 量如江海
• 量子力學／量子力学 (liàngzǐ lìxué)
• 量小力微
• 量小易盈
• 量小氣窄／量小气窄
• 量感
• 量才錄用／量才录用
• 量時度力／量时度力
• 量材錄用／量材录用
• 量淺／量浅
• 量產／量产 (liàngchǎn)
• 量移
• 量窄
• 量腹取足
• 量詞／量词 (liàngcí)
• 量變／量变 (liàngbiàn)
• 量販／量贩 (liàngfàn)
• 量販店／量贩店 (liàngfàndiàn)
• 量輕／量轻
• 量雅
• 銖銖校量／铢铢校量
• 銷量／销量 (xiāoliàng)
• 錙銖較量／锱铢较量
• 間量／间量
• 降水量 (jiàngshuǐliàng)
• 雅量 (yǎliàng)
• 雨量 (yǔliàng)
• 雨量器
• 雲量／云量
• 電量／电量 (diànliàng)
• 音量 (yīnliàng)
• 風量／风量
• 食量 (shíliàng)

 

References

• “量”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 量

量

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljang); compare Mandarin 量 (liáng):

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljangH); compare Mandarin 量 (liàng):

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: はかる (hakaru, 量る, Jōyō)、かさ (kasa, 量)、はかり (hakari, 量り)、ます (masu, 量)
• Nanori: かず (kazu)、さと (sato)、とも (tomo)、はかり (hakari)、はかる (hakaru)

Compounds

Compounds

• 音量(おんりょう) (onryō): sound volume
• 狭量(きょうりょう) (kyōryō)
• 斤量(きんりょう) (kinryō): weight
• 計量(けいりょう) (keiryō)
• 考量(こうりょう) (kōryō)
• 降水(こうすい)量(りょう) (kōsuiryō)
• 少量(しょうりょう) (shōryō), 小量(しょうりょう) (shōryō)
• 定量(ていりょう) (teiryō)
• 量感(りょうかん) (ryōkan)
• 量産(りょうさん) (ryōsan)
• 量子(りょうし) (ryōshi): quantum

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
量
りょう Grade: 4
kan'on

 量 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljangH, “measure”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) りょー [ryóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲo̞ː]

Noun

量(りょう) • (ryō) ^{←りやう (ryau)?}

1. volume, amount

   交通(こうつう)量(りょう)

   kōtsū-ryō

   amount of traffic

   なかなかの量(りょう)

   nakanaka no ryō

   a considerable amount

2. (Buddhist logic) pramana

   比(ひ)量(りょう)

   hi-ryō

   pramana of Reasoning

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
量
はか Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Cognate with 計り (hakari).^[1]

Alternative forms

• 捗, 果, 計

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はか [hàkáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ka̠]

Noun

量(はか) • (haka) 

1. progress

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

量 (eumhun 헤아릴 량 (hearil ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 헤아릴 양 (hearil yang))

1. hanja form^? of 량/양 (“volume; amount”)

Compounds

• 강수량 (降水量, gangsuryang, “precipitation”)
• 질량 (質量, jillyang, “mass”)

Vietnamese

Han character

量: Hán Nôm readings: lường, lượng, nhân

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.