結果

See also: 结果

Chinese

		knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit) knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind	fruit; result
trad. (結果)		結	果
simp. (结果)		结	果

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character	結	果
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	古屑切	古火切
Baxter	ket	kwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ket̚/	/kuɑX/
Pan Wuyun	/ket̚/	/kuɑX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛt̚/	/kuɑX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛt̚/	/kwaX/
Li Rong	/ket̚/	/kuɑX/
Wang Li	/kiet̚/	/kuɑX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiet̚/	/kuɑX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	guǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git3	gwo2

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiéguǒ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җегуә (ži͡əguə, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): git³ gwo²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiet-kó / kiat-kó

  (Hailu, HRS): gied go^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giad⁵ guo³

• Eastern Min (BUC): giék-guōi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-kó / kiat-kó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gag⁴ guê²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷ciq-ku

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiéguǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiéguǒ
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-kuo³
    • Yale: jyé-gwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyeguoo
    • Palladius: цзего (czego)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җегуә (ži͡əguə, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiə²⁴ kuə⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: git³ gwo²
    • Yale: git gwó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ gwo²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gid³ guo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ kʷɔː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: gied^ˋ go^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ go³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚² ko³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: giad^ˋ go^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ go³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚² ko³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gied go^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /kiet⁵⁻² ko²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giad⁵ guo³
    • Sinological IPA: /kiat̚¹ kuo³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giék-guōi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ kui³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kó
    • Tâi-lô: kiat-kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkoir
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kɤ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ ko⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: kiat-kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gag⁴ guê²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kak kué
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kak̚²⁻⁴ kue⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷ciq-ku
    • MiniDict: cih^入 ku
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴jiq-ku
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ ku⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: ket kwaX

Noun

結果

1. result; outcome (Classifier: 個／个)

   得出結果／得出结果  ―  déchū jiéguǒ  ―  to obtain a result

   治療結果／治疗结果  ―  zhìliáo jiéguǒ  ―  treatment outcome

   我做過核酸檢測了，結果是陰性的。 [MSC, trad.]
   我做过核酸检测了，结果是阴性的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ zuò guò hésuān jiǎncè le, jiéguǒ shì yīnxìng de. [Pinyin]

   I have taken a nucleic acid test, and the result was negative.

   這個結果已經超出了我們的預想。 [MSC, trad.]
   这个结果已经超出了我们的预想。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhège jiéguǒ yǐjīng chāochū le wǒmen de yùxiǎng. [Pinyin]

   This result has exceeded our expectations.

   我一直在嘗試努力，可結果總是不盡人意。 [MSC, trad.]
   我一直在尝试努力，可结果总是不尽人意。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ yīzhí zài chángshì nǔlì, kě jiéguǒ zǒngshì bùjìn rényì. [Pinyin]

   I have been putting in a lot of effort, but the results are always less than satisfactory.

   • 我國經典，未經整理，讀起來特別難，一般人往往望而生畏，結果是敬而遠之。 [MSC, trad.]
     我国经典，未经整理，读起来特别难，一般人往往望而生畏，结果是敬而远之。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1942, 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 經典常談

     Wǒguó jīngdiǎn, wèijīng zhěnglǐ, dú qǐlái tèbié nán, yībānrén wǎngwǎng wàng'érshēngwèi, jiéguǒ shì jìng'éryuǎnzhī. [Pinyin]

     Chinese classics are difficult to read uncollated. Ordinary people are often terrified by the sight of them, and prefer to remain at a respectful distance.

2. (obsolete) style of dress

Synonyms

• (result):

edit

• 分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 後果 / 后果 (hòuguǒ) (chiefly negative)
• 惡果 / 恶果 (èguǒ) (negative)
• 效應 / 效应 (xiàoyìng) (chiefly in biology, chemistry)
• 效果 (xiàoguǒ) (chiefly positive)
• 歸結 / 归结 (guījié)
• 產物 / 产物 (chǎnwù) (figurative)
• 結局 / 结局 (jiéjú)

Antonyms

• 原因 (yuányīn)

Adverb

結果

1. finally; in the end; as a result; to end up being

   他們詳細討論了這件事，結果達成諒解。 [MSC, trad.]
   他们详细讨论了这件事，结果达成谅解。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tāmen xiángxì tǎolùn le zhè jiàn shì, jiéguǒ dáchéng liàngjiě. [Pinyin]

   They discussed the matter in detail, and finally came to an understanding.

Synonyms

• 最後／最后 (zuìhòu)
• 最終／最终 (zuìzhōng)
• 到頭來／到头来 (dàotóulái)
• (colloquial) 臨了／临了 (línliǎo)

Verb

結果

1. to kill; to finish off
2. (obsolete) to dress up; to deck out; to make up

Synonyms

• (to dress up):

edit

• 修飾 / 修饰 (xiūshì)
• 打刷 (Xinzhou)
• 打扮
• 扮靚 / 扮靓 (bànliàng) (chiefly Cantonese)
• 扮飾 / 扮饰 (bànshì)
• 捯飭 / 捯饬 (dáochi) (colloquial)
• 梳妝 / 梳妆 (shūzhuāng)
• 結束 / 结束 (jiéshù) (archaic)
• 裝扮 / 装扮 (zhuāngbàn)
• 裝束 / 装束 (zhuāngshù) (formal)
• 裝飾 / 装饰 (zhuāngshì)
• 裝點 / 装点 (zhuāngdiǎn)
• 點綴 / 点缀 (diǎnzhuì)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiēguǒ, jiéguǒ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ ㄍㄨㄛˇ, ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): git³ gwo²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): get¹ go²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiet-kó / kiat-kó

  (Hailu, HRS): gied go^ˊ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiat-kó / kiat-kó͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiēguǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jieguǒ
    • Wade–Giles: chieh¹-kuo³
    • Yale: jyē-gwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieguoo
    • Palladius: цзего (czego)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiéguǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiéguǒ
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²-kuo³
    • Yale: jyé-gwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyeguoo
    • Palladius: цзего (czego)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: git³ gwo²
    • Yale: git gwó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ gwo²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gid³ guo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ kʷɔː³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: get¹ go²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ket̚³³ kᵘɔ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: gied^ˋ go^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ go³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚² ko³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: giad^ˋ go^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ go³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚² ko³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gied go^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /kiet⁵⁻² ko²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kó
    • Tâi-lô: kiat-kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkoir
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kɤ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ ko⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: kiat-kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiatkor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Verb

結⫽果 (verb-object)

1. to bear fruit

   他把不結果的枝都修剪掉。 [MSC, trad.]
   他把不结果的枝都修剪掉。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā bǎ bù jiēguǒ de zhī dōu xiūjiǎn diào. [Pinyin]

   He pruned every branch that did not bear fruit.

   草莓不開花，也不結果。 [MSC, trad.]
   草莓不开花，也不结果。 [MSC, simp.]

   Cǎoméi bù kāihuā, yě bù jiēguǒ. [Pinyin]

   The strawberry tree won't bloom or bear fruit.

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		結果, 結實, 結子
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	結果
Cantonese	Hong Kong	結果
Hakka	Meixian	打子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	結子, 打子
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	結子, 打子
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	結子, 打子
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	結子, 打子
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	結子, 打子
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	結子, 打子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	結果
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	結囝

Dialectal synonyms of 結果 (“to bear fruit”) [map]

Derived terms

• 開花結果 / 开花结果

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (結果):

• → Japanese: 結(けっ)果(か) (kekka)
• → Korean: 결과(結果) (gyeolgwa)
• → Vietnamese: kết quả (結果)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
結	果
けつ > けっ Grade: 4	か Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けっか [kèkká] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞k̚ka̠]

Noun

結(けっ)果(か) • (kekka) 

1. the result, effect, consequence

   結果(けっか)だけだ、この世(よ)には結果(けっか)だけが残(のこ)る。

   Kekka dake da, kono yo ni wa kekka dake ga nokoru.

   Only the result, only the result remains in this world.

2. the performance, the accomplishment, the achievement

Synonyms

• (effect): 成果(せいか) (seika), 余波(よは) (yoha)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “effect”): 原因(げんいん) (gen'in)

Verb

結(けっ)果(か)する • (kekka suru) suru (stem 結(けっ)果(か)し (kekka shi), past 結(けっ)果(か)した (kekka shita))

1. (rare) bear fruit

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	結果し	けっかし	kekka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	結果し	けっかし	kekka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	結果する	けっかする	kekka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	結果する	けっかする	kekka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	結果すれ	けっかすれ	kekka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	結果せよ¹ 結果しろ²	けっかせよ¹ けっかしろ²	kekka seyo¹ kekka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	結果される	けっかされる	kekka sareru
Causative	結果させる 結果さす	けっかさせる けっかさす	kekka saseru kekka sasu
Potential	結果できる	けっかできる	kekka dekiru
Volitional	結果しよう	けっかしよう	kekka shiyō
Negative	結果しない	けっかしない	kekka shinai
Negative continuative	結果せず	けっかせず	kekka sezu
Formal	結果します	けっかします	kekka shimasu
Perfective	結果した	けっかした	kekka shita
Conjunctive	結果して	けっかして	kekka shite
Hypothetical conditional	結果すれば	けっかすれば	kekka sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "結果する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Synonyms

• 結実(けつじつ) (ketsujitsu), 実(み)を結(むす)ぶ (mi o musubu)

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
結	果

Noun

結果 • (gyeolgwa) (hangeul 결과)

1. hanja form^? of 결과 (“result”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
結	果

Noun

結果

1. chữ Hán form of kết quả (“result”).