忌

忌 U+5FCC, 忌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FCC ← 忋 [U+5FCB] CJK Unified Ideographs 忍 → [U+5FCD]

Translingual

Han character

忌 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山心 (SUP), four-corner 1733₁, composition ⿱己心)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10310
• Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2270, character 11
• Unihan data for U+5FCC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		忌
alternative forms		坖 ancient

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
改	*klɯːʔ
跽	*ɡrɯʔ
己	*kɯʔ
紀	*kɯʔ
妀	*kɯʔ
記	*kɯs
杞	*kʰɯʔ
屺	*kʰɯʔ
芑	*kʰɯʔ
邔	*kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘	*kʰɯʔ
忌	*ɡɯs
鵋	*ɡɯs
誋	*ɡɯs
梞	*ɡɯs

Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯs) : phonetic 己 (OC *kɯʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 忌
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑi³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑi¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zz̩²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰi³¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kei²²/
	Nanning	/ki²²/
	Hong Kong	/kei²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ki²²/ /kʰi²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɛi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ki⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ki³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ki³³/

Rime
Character	忌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠記切
Baxter	giH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨH/
Li Rong	/ɡiəH/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəH/
Bernard Karlgren	/giH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ giH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-k(r)ək-s/
English	warn; avoid
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忌
Reading #	1/1
No.	5774
Phonetic component	己
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	忌
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯs/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khi
• Northern Min (KCR): gī
• Eastern Min (BUC): gê
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kī / khī / khî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gei⁶
    • Yale: geih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi
    • Hakka Romanization System: ki
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ki⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛi²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
    • Tâi-lô: kī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khī
    • Tâi-lô: khī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qi
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰi³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khî
    • Tâi-lô: khî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi²⁴/

Note:

• kī, khī - literary;
• khî - vernacular (俗);
• kī - anniversary of the death of one's elder.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: giH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-k(r)ək-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯs/

Definitions

忌

1. to be jealous; to envy; to hate

   妒忌  ―  dùjì  ―  to envy

2. (literary, or in compounds) to fear; to dread
3. to avoid
4. to abstain; to drop; to stop; to give up (a bad habit)
5. to taboo; to prohibit
6. taboo
7. (literary or Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) anniversary of the death of one's elder

   忌辰 [Hokkien]  ―  kī-sîn [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  anniversary of a death

   忌日 [Hokkien]  ―  kī-ji̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  anniversary of a death

   今仔咧共阮阿媽做忌。 [Philippine Hokkien, trad.]
   今仔咧共阮阿妈做忌。 [Philippine Hokkien, simp.]

   Kin-á lé kāng gún a-má chòe-kī. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   Today, the death anniversary is being held for our paternal grandmother.

8. a surname: Ji

Synonyms

• (to be jealous):

edit

• 吃味 (chīwèi) (regional)
• 妒嫉 (dùjí)
• 妒忌 (dùjì)
• 妒恨 (dùhèn) (literary)
• 媢嫉 (màojí) (literary)
• 嫉妒 (jídù)
• 忌垢 (ji⁴ gou⁴) (Sichuanese)
• 忌妒 (jìdù)
• 怨妒 (Hokkien)
• 惡妒／恶妒 (Hokkien)
• 欣羨／欣羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
• 歆羨／歆羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
• 目空刺 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 目空赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 目紅／目红 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 目赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 眼氣／眼气 (nie² qi³) (Jin)
• 眼紅／眼红 (yǎnhóng)
• 紅目／红目 (Hokkien)
• 羨慕／羡慕 (xiànmù)
• 葡萄 (pou⁴ tou⁴) (Cantonese, Hong Kong, neologism)
• 豔羨／艳羡 (yànxiàn) (formal)
• 赤狗目 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 赤目 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)

 

• (to fear):

edit

• 嚇／吓
• 害怕 (hàipà)
• 怕
• 怕懼／怕惧 (pàjù) (literary)
• 恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)
• 懼怕／惧怕 (jùpà)
• 深怕 (shēnpà)
• 生怕 (shēngpà)
• 生畏 (shēngwèi) (literary)
• 畏怯 (wèiqiè)
• 畏懼／畏惧 (wèijù)
• 驚／惊 (dialectal)

 

• (to abstain): 戒除 (jièchú)

Compounds

• 不知忌諱／不知忌讳
• 做忌
• 全無忌憚／全无忌惮
• 兵家大忌
• 切忌 (qièjì)
• 同行相忌
• 周忌
• 回忌
• 國忌／国忌
• 外寬內忌／外宽内忌
• 多忌
• 大忌 (dàjì)
• 妒忌 (dùjì)
• 威士忌 (wēishìjì)
• 嫌忌
• 年忌
• 忌刻 (jìkè)
• 忌前
• 忌口 (jìkǒu)
• 忌嘴 (jìzuǐ)
• 忌妒 (jìdù)
• 忌妻
• 忌恨 (jìhèn)
• 忌憚／忌惮 (jìdàn)
• 忌才 (jìcái)
• 忌日 (jìrì)
• 忌煙／忌烟
• 忌祭
• 忌諱／忌讳 (jìhuì)
• 忌辰 (jìchén)
• 忌避
• 忌邪
• 恣睢無忌／恣睢无忌
• 恣肆無忌／恣肆无忌
• 愍忌
• 慶忌／庆忌
• 戒忌
• 投鼠之忌
• 投鼠忌器 (tóushǔjìqì)
• 拘忌 (jūjì)
• 擲鼠忌器／掷鼠忌器
• 月忌
• 有所顧忌／有所顾忌
• 橫行無忌／横行无忌 (héngxíngwújì)
• 正忌
• 死忌 (sǐjì)
• 毫無忌憚／毫无忌惮
• 無忌／无忌 (wújì)
• 無所忌憚／无所忌惮
• 無所畏忌／无所畏忌
• 無所顧忌／无所顾忌
• 犯忌
• 犯忌諱／犯忌讳
• 猜忌 (cāijì)
• 生忌 (shēngjì)
• 畏忌
• 疑忌 (yíjì)
• 百無所忌／百无所忌
• 百無禁忌／百无禁忌 (bǎiwújìnjì)
• 益無忌憚／益无忌惮
• 直言無忌／直言无忌
• 禁忌 (jìnjì)
• 禁忌站臺／禁忌站台
• 童言無忌／童言无忌 (tóngyánwújì)
• 肆無忌憚／肆无忌惮 (sìwújìdàn)
• 肆行無忌／肆行无忌
• 肆言無忌／肆言无忌
• 葷素不忌／荤素不忌
• 蠶忌／蚕忌
• 觸禁犯忌／触禁犯忌
• 諱疾忌醫／讳疾忌医 (huìjíjìyī)
• 避忌 (bìjì)
• 還忌／还忌
• 配合禁忌
• 鉗忌／钳忌
• 頻來無忌／频来无忌
• 顧忌／顾忌 (gùjì)
• 食忌 (shíjì)

 

See also

• 嫉 (jí)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 忌 – see 嫉 (“to envy; to be jealous; to hate; to resent”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 嫉).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• “忌”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 忌

忌

(Jōyō kanji)

1. mourning
2. to abhor
3. abhorrent, detestable
4. death anniversary

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go)
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: いむ (imu, 忌む, Jōyō)、いみ (imi, 忌み)、いましい (imashii, 忌ましい)、いまう (imau, 忌まう)、いまわしい (imawashii, 忌まわしい, Jōyō)
• Nanori: いまわ (imawa)

Compounds

Compounds

• 忌(い)み嫌(きら)う (imikirau)
• 忌(い)み日(び) (imibi)
• 忌(き)日(にち) (kinichi)
• 忌(き)日(じつ) (kijitsu)
• 回(かい)忌(き) (kaiki)
• 祖(そ)忌(き) (soki): (Buddhism) death anniversary of a sect founder, or the memorial service thereof

Etymology

Kanji in this term
忌
き Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 忌 (MC giH).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) き [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

Noun

忌(き) • (ki) 

1. mourning
2. anniversary of someone's death

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

忌 (eumhun 꺼릴 기 (kkeoril gi))

1. hanja form^? of 기 (“jealous, envious”)
2. hanja form^? of 기 (“fear”)

Vietnamese

Han character

忌: Hán Việt readings: kí, kị, kỵ
忌: Nôm readings: cạy, cậy, cữ, kiêng, kị, kỵ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation