哭
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Han character
哭 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口口戈大 (RRIK), four-corner 66430, composition ⿱吅犬)
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №25
Descendants
Derived characters
- 𬍌, 𫬢, 𫬣, 𠸶, 𥂍
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 190, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3658
- Dae Jaweon: page 410, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 629, character 2
- Unihan data for U+54ED
Glyph origin
In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 吅 (“loudly”) + person with long hair (Similar to 老 without the cane) – "cry; weep". The pictogram of the person with long hair corrupted into 犬. Evidence suggests 吅 could be an abbreviation of the sound component 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ), making the character phono-semantic (形聲／形声) .
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ) : semantic 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + abbreviated phonetic 獄 (OC *ŋoɡ).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuːk (“to weep; to wail”); cognate with Mizo kûk (“to shriek”) (STEDT).
This seems to be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuk ~ kuuk ~ kuək ~ kək (“to call”), Proto-Austronesian *-kuk (“sound of a sob”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ku2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): кў (kw, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kuh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kueh4
- Northern Min (KCR): kŭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): kók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7khoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ku6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ku
- Wade–Giles: kʻu1
- Yale: kū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
- Palladius: ку (ku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ku2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ku
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: кў (kw, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: huk1
- Yale: hūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: huk7
- Guangdong Romanization: hug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: huuk2 / huuk1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵk̚⁵⁵/, / hɵk̚³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: kuh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰuʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khuk
- Hakka Romanization System: kugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kug5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰuk̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: kueh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kók
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰouʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- khàu - vernacular;
- khok - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: khuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Definitions
哭
Synonyms
- 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
- 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
- 啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 啜泣 (chuòqì)
- 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
- 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
- 嗆／呛 (Hokkien)
- 嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
- 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
- 忽喇 (hueh4 ci1) (Jin)
- 抽咽 (chōuyè)
- 抽噎 (chōuyē)
- 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
- 抽泣 (chōuqì)
- 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
- 流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
- 流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
- 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
- 號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
- 號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
- 飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)
Compounds
- 一家哭
- 一路哭
- 乾哭／干哭
- 乾啼濕哭／干啼湿哭
- 五子哭墳／五子哭坟
- 代哭
- 助哭
- 卒哭
- 反哭
- 哀哭 (āikū)
- 哭主
- 哭哭啼啼 (kūkutítí)
- 哭喊
- 哭喪棒／哭丧棒 (kūsāngbàng)
- 哭喪棍／哭丧棍
- 哭喪着臉／哭丧着脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn)
- 哭喪臉／哭丧脸
- 哭喪著臉／哭丧著脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn)
- 哭嚎
- 哭天抹淚／哭天抹泪
- 哭奠
- 哭嫁 (kūjià)
- 哭庭
- 哭廟／哭庙
- 哭昭陵
- 哭枵 (Hokkien)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭爸 (Min Nan)
- 哭爸哭母 (Min Nan)
- 哭牆／哭墙 (Kūqiáng)
- 哭秦庭
- 哭窮／哭穷 (kūqióng)
- 哭窮途／哭穷途
- 哭竹
- 哭竹棒
- 哭笑不得 (kūxiàobùdé)
- 哭臨／哭临
- 哭號／哭号
- 唐衢痛哭
- 哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù)
- 哭調／哭调
- 哭踊
- 哭雨風／哭雨风
- 哭靈／哭灵 (kūlíng)
- 哭鬧／哭闹 (kūnào)
- 哭鳥／哭鸟
- 哭鼻子 (kū bízi)
- 喪哭／丧哭
- 啼哭 (tíkū)
- 啼哭郎君
- 啼啼哭哭
- 啼天哭地
- 嚎哭 (háokū)
- 嚎啕大哭
- 嚎啕痛哭
- 大哭 (dàkū)
- 大哭一場／大哭一场
- 崩城之哭
- 巷哭
- 弔哭／吊哭
- 悲哭
- 慟哭／恸哭 (tòngkū)
- 慟哭流涕／恸哭流涕
- 懸壺代哭／悬壶代哭
- 抱頭大哭／抱头大哭
- 抱頭痛哭／抱头痛哭 (bàotóutòngkū)
- 撫哭／抚哭
- 撫尸慟哭／抚尸恸哭
- 放聲大哭／放声大哭 (fàngshēng dà kū)
- 晝吟宵哭／昼吟宵哭
- 楊朱哭／杨朱哭
- 欲哭無淚／欲哭无泪 (yùkūwúlèi)
- 歌哭
- 歎哭／叹哭
- 止哭
- 歸哭／归哭
- 死爹哭媽／死爹哭妈
- 泣哭
- 潑哭潑鬧／泼哭泼闹
- 濕哭乾啼／湿哭干啼
- 牛衣夜哭
- 狼號鬼哭／狼号鬼哭
- 生哭人
- 痛哭 (tòngkū)
- 痛哭失聲／痛哭失声
- 痛哭流涕 (tòngkūliútì)
- 神嚎鬼哭
- 神愁鬼哭
- 神母夜哭
- 神號鬼哭／神号鬼哭
- 秦庭之哭
- 窮途之哭／穷途之哭
- 節哭／节哭
- 絕哭／绝哭
- 號咷痛哭／号咷痛哭
- 號哭／号哭 (háokū)
- 號啕大哭／号啕大哭
- 號啕痛哭／号啕痛哭
- 號天哭地／号天哭地
- 號天大哭／号天大哭
- 行哭
- 行號巷哭／行号巷哭
- 街號巷哭／街号巷哭
- 袒哭
- 西台痛哭
- 西臺痛哭／西台痛哭
- 見哭興悲／见哭兴悲
- 貓哭老鼠／猫哭老鼠
- 貓哭耗子／猫哭耗子
- 送哭
- 邪哭
- 野祭巷哭
- 長哭／长哭
- 長歌當哭／长歌当哭 (chánggēdàngkū)
- 陪哭
- 驚哭／惊哭
- 鬼哭天愁
- 鬼哭狼嗥 (guǐkūlángháo)
- 鬼哭狼嚎 (guǐkūlángháo)
- 鬼哭狼號／鬼哭狼号
- 鬼哭神嚎
- 鬼哭神愁
- 鬼哭神號／鬼哭神号
- 鬼哭神驚／鬼哭神惊
- 鬼哭粟飛／鬼哭粟飞
- 鬼夜哭
- 鳥哭猿啼／鸟哭猿啼
Descendants
References
- “哭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Kanji
哭
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 哭 (MC khuwk).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 콕〮 (Yale: khwók) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 곡〮 (kwók) (Yale: kwók) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [곡]
Hanja
Wikisource 哭 (eumhun 울 곡 (ul gok))
Compounds
References
Han character
哭: Hán Nôm readings: khốc, khóc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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